scholarly journals Sensitivity Enhancement of Methane Detection Based On Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
R. Boufenar ◽  
M. Bouamar ◽  
A. Hocini
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Crystal Fibers

Monitoring methane (CH4) concentration is essential in many industrial and environmental applications. Emission of such gases is indeed important to detect for health, safety and environmental reasons. The major risk in all these areas is an explosion hazard, which may occur if methane reaches its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of5% concentration in air. For that reason, it is necessary to develop gas sensors to monitor that methane levels below this value. Due to a weak absorption of methane, this gas is difficult to detect using conventional methods.Hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PBF) have emerged as a promising technology in the field of gas sensing. The strong interaction achievable with these fibers are especially advantageous for the detection of weakly absorbing regions of methane. In this paper, we investigated, by full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) in Rsoft CAD environment, the dependency of relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength. Consequently, we introduced the optimal structureof an index guiding hollow core photonic crystal fiber capable of measuring methane concentrations down to 0.1%in air. The simulations showed that the sensing sensitivity increased with an increase in the core diameter and a decrease in the distance between centers of two adjacent holes.

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on C2H2 and NH3 Gas Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 1577-1580
Author(s):  
Bao Qun Wu ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Cong Jing Hao ◽  
Liang Cheng Duan ◽  
Nan Nan Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Mode Field

In this paper, we propose a new hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, which can be available for gas sensor. In addition, properties of the fiber are analyzed at the wavelength of C2H2and NH3absorption peak 1530nm and 1967nm, respectively. For both wavelengths, relative sensitivity coefficients are higher than 0.95, which makes sense in gas sensing. We also get relationship between relative sensitivity coefficient and radius of fiber core, as well as effective refractive index of the mode field.

scholarly journals Dispersion in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1250-1256
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Index Structure ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Dispersion Properties ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Crystal Fibers

Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fiber cross section. In this paper the fundamental physical mechanism has been discussed determining the dispersion properties of PCFs, and the dispersion in a gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber has been calculated. We calculate the dispersion of air filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber, also calculate the dispersion of N2 gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber and finally we calculate the dispersion of He gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber.

scholarly journals Low Loss in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic crystal fiber

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Fiber ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Microstructure Fiber ◽  
Crystal Fibers

The work in this paper focuses on the experimental confirming of the losses in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) on the transmission of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. First HC-PCF was evacuated to 0.1 mbar then the microstructure fiber (PCF) was filled with He gas & gas. Second the input power and output power of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was measured in hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HCPCF). In this work loss was calculated in the hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) filled with air then N2, and He gases respectively. It has bean observed that the minimum loss obtained in case of filling (HC-PCF) with He gas and its equal to 15.070 dB/km at operating wavelength (1040-1090) nm.

scholarly journals A Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Spectroscopic Chemical Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Yunjie Shi ◽  
Shidi Liu ◽  
Yuming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Polarization Maintaining

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high relative sensitivity was designed and investigated for the detection of chemical analytes in the terahertz (THz) regime. To ease the complexity, an extremely simple cladding employing four struts is adopted, which forms a rectangular shaped core area for filling with analytes. Results of enormous simulations indicate that a minimum 87.8% relative chemical sensitivity with low confinement and effective material absorption losses can be obtained for any kind of analyte, e.g., HCN (1.26), water (1.33), ethanol (1.35), KCN (1.41), or cocaine (1.50), whose refractive index falls in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. Besides, the PCF can also achieve high birefringence (∼0.01), low and flat dispersion, a large effective modal area, and a large numerical aperture within the investigated frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. We believe that the proposed PCF can be applied to chemical sensing of liquid and THz systems requiring wide-band polarization-maintaining transmission and low attenuation.

scholarly journals Characteristic Analysis and Structural Design of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers with Band Gap Cladding Structures

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Bowei Wan ◽  
Lianqing Zhu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Tianshu Li ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fibers ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Crystal Fibers

Due to their flexible structure and excellent optical characteristics hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) are used in many fields, such as active optical devices, communications, and optical fiber sensing. In this paper, to analyze the characteristics of HC-PCFs, we carried out finite element analysis and analyzed the design for the band gap cladding structure of HC-PCFs. First, the characteristics of HC19-1550 and HC-1550-02 in the C-band were simulated. Subsequently, the structural optimization of the seven-cell HC-1550-02 and variations in characteristics of the optimized HC-1550-02 in the wavelength range 1250–1850 nm were investigated. The simulation results revealed that the optimal number of cladding layers is eight, the optimal core radius is 1.8 times the spacing of adjacent air holes, and the optimal-relative thickness of the core quartz-ring is 2.0. In addition, the low confinement loss bandwidth of the optimized structure is 225 nm. Under the transmission bandwidth of the optimized structure, the core optical power is above 98%, the confinement loss is below 9.0 × 10−3 dB/m, the variation range of the effective mode field area does not exceed 10 μm2, and the relative sensitivity is above 0.9570. The designed sensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity and almost zero confinement loss, making it highly suitable for high-sensitivity gas or liquid sensing.

A hollow-core circular photonic crystal fiber mode selective coupler for generating orbital angular momentum modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 102543
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Yang ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Zhang ◽  
Ze Chen ◽  
Lixia Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Mode

Designing Tunable Microstructure Spectroscopic Gas Sensor Using Optofluidic Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ebnali-Heidari ◽  
Farshid Koohi-Kamali ◽  
Aliakbar Ebnali-Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi ◽  
Boris T. Kuhlmey
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber
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