Black Farmers, Agriculture, and Resistance

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Monica M. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Universal Negro Improvement Association ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Black Farmers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prefigurative Politics

Most accounts of African Americans’ relationship to the soil focus on oppression and exploitation. This book offers the untold history of Black farmers’ fight to stay on the land in the southern United States, using agricultural cooperatives as a basis for resistance and community self-determination. This chapter introduces slave gardens as resistance, the Colored Farmers Alliance, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and food and agriculture in the civil rights and Black Power movements as precursors to the examples of black agricultural cooperatives in Freedom Farmers. These cooperatives demonstrate what White calls collective agency and community resilience, using the primary strategies of prefigurative politics, economic autonomy, and commons as praxis. The archival, ethnographic, and interview-based methods of the book are grounded in the African principle of sankofa: investigating the past to understand the present as a basis of forging a future of our own making.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Elaine Allen Lechtreck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Martin Luther King

The introduction includes Bible verses cited by ministers to defend segregation and verses to oppose segregation. There are slices of the history of the United States, the Civil Rights Movement, and African American history. The southern states, where white ministers confronted segregation, are identified. The term “minister” is explained as well as the variety of labels given these ministers ranging from “Liberal,” Progressive,” “Neo-Orthodox,” “Evangelical Liberal,” “open conservative,” ‘Last Hurrah of the Social Gospel Movement” to “Trouble Maker,” “Traitor, “ “Atheist,” “Communist,” “N_____ Lover.” Rachel Henderlite, the only woman minister mentioned in the book, is identified. Synopses of the book’s seven chapters are included. Comments by historians David Chappell, Charles Reagan Wilson, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ernest Campbell, and Thomas Pettigrew are cited.

The Unbearable Whiteness of Grand Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-345
Author(s):  
Adriane Lentz-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Foreign Relations ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter explores grand strategy as an intellectual and cultural project by considering its willful unseeing of race as a political project. To ignore race is to misapprehend how power works in the United States and how domestic formulations of subjectivity, difference, and racialized power imbue American foreign relations. The chapter focuses on African Americans in the era of Cold War civil rights. For Carl Rowan and Sam Greenlee, the two African American veterans who provide concrete cases for thinking about the United States and the world, their blackness and ambitions for their people would color how they interpreted America's role in political and military struggles in the Third World and beyond. As with other people of color, their encounters with white supremacy shaped their understandings of liberation, violence, and the United States security project. Their perspectives challenge scholars’ conceptions of the Cold War as a period of “defined clear national interests” and “public consensus.” Centering the stories of Rowan and Greenlee highlights not simply ongoing contestation over the myth and history of the Cold War, but, more fundamentally, the unthinking whiteness of grand strategy itself.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Candace Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Southern Women ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Women's Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This history of women’s music in the southern United States—one taking into account regional practices—offers new perspectives into class, social aspirations, and gender; it differs substantially from composer-centric narratives. It is the first study to interrogate the impact of the Civil War on women’s music—how it affected repertory, performance circumstances, and careers. The dissimilar women examined here prove that a single, fixed signifier, such as cultural class, social status, parlor music, or domesticity cannot sufficiently account for southern women’s music practices. Gentility provides a more satisfactory explanation by allowing a nuanced examination of southern women—both white and of color—and their musicking.

scholarly journals History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860

1933 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Herbert Heaton ◽  
Lewis Cecil Gray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
History Of

An Interview on Title IX with Shirley Chisholm, Holly Knox, Leslie R. Wolfe, Cynthia G. Brown, and Mary Kaaren Jolly

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-526 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deputy Director ◽  
Equal Education ◽  
Office For Civil Rights ◽  
Education Fund ◽  
History Of

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in elementary and secondary schools, colleges, and universities. It states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance...." Conflict over the formulation and interpretation of the regulation erupted immediately after the passage of Title IX, and its statutory limits continue to be tested, increasingly in the courts, across the country. This interview explores the effects of Title IX and the controversy surrounding its implementation. Five women, each uniquely involved with the short but volatile history of Title IX, discuss its implications and potential for ensuring a more equitable educational system. The interview participants include The Honorable Shirley Chisholm, Democratic Congresswoman from New York; Mary Jolly, Staff Director and Counsel to the Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution chaired by Senator Birch Bayh; Leslie Wolfe, Director of the Women's Educational Equity Act Program, and formerly Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Education, who earlier had been Deputy Director of the Women's Rights Program of the Commission on Civil Rights; Cindy Brown, Principal Deputy Director of the Office for Civil Rights in HEW; and Holly Knox, Director of PEER, the Project on Equal Education Rights of the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, and former Legislative Specialist in the United States Office of Education.

Texas Mexicans and the Politics of Whiteness

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Construction Of Whiteness

These two fascinating articles seek to fill an important lacuna in the burgeoning literature on the legal construction of whiteness. While LatCrit theorists in the legal academy have urged civil rights scholars and race critics to transcend the “black-white paradigm” of U.S. race studies, the majority of legal histories of whiteness have focused on two sets of cases: trials in the southeastern United States in which local courts tried to draw the line between “white” and “negro”; and cases about immigration and naturalization in which Federal courts determined whether particular foreign immigrants were suitably “white” for citizenship. Likewise, although there have been several important social and cultural histories of Texas Mexicans and whiteness in the last fifteen years, they have not considered the legal realm. The time is ripe for attention to the legal history of Mexican Americans' civil rights struggles in Texas, especially as they illuminate the shifting racial identity of Mexican Americans in the Southwest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document