Albemarle and Other Fringes, 1661–1674

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Noeleen McIlvenna
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Somerset County

This chapter describes the alternative societies built by radicals in the borderlands of the Chesapeake. John Jenkins and others created a sanctuary in the Albemarle region of North Carolina. There, Quakers and Levelers were welcome. After William Berkeley suppressed servant rebellions in Virginia, some Quakers found refuge in Somerset County, Maryland. In all these frontier places that governors could not control, radicals deviated from political, social, and cultural norms. But at the same time, the big planters of Tidewater Virginia were making the shift to a slave labor force.

Coffee and Rural Proletarianization in Puerto Rico, 1840–1898

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laird W. Bergad
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

The development of a labor force has become an important focus of recent historical research on 19th-century Puerto Rico. One center of investigation has been slavery and its linkages to sugar culture.1 Until recently historians had consistently stressed the relative insignificance of slave labor in Puerto Rico.2 However, by focusing at the municipal, or even hacienda level, scholars have begun to generate a more analytical view of 19th-century Puerto Rican slavery. It has been shown that slaves were critical for Puerto Rican planters during the period of rapid sugar expansion in the 1820s and 1830s, and continued as an important source of labor until abolition in 1873. Contrary to prior interpretations, the history of slavery in Puerto Rico differed little from that of the other sugar producing islands of the Caribbean

Forging Their Own Path to the Labor Market: Hispanic Women Business Owners in North Carolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Cameron ◽  
Emily R. Cabaniss
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Women Business Owners ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Hispanic women are an understudied entrepreneurial population with considerable potential for economic impact. Our study uses fieldwork and semistructured interviews with entrepreneurs and community informants to understand the experiences of Latina business owners in North Carolina. We focus specifically on their entry into the formal economy as majority owners of for-profit ventures. Social location of owners is discussed to appreciate how the intersectional position of Hispanic women in the market economy shapes their entrepreneurial trajectories. Building on prior research on the “embedded market” and “gendered capital,” our study confirms that entrepreneurial succession and employment opportunities and constraints are strong motivators for Hispanic women to start businesses. However, we also identify a new catalyst for business entry that we call “social ventures and passions,” a finding that challenges the conventional assumption that immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurs open businesses primarily as an economic survival strategy or as an appeal to cultural norms (i.e., ethnic labor market approaches).

Haskins v. Royster and the Liberty to Be Unfree

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Linda A. Tvrdy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Common Law ◽  
White Male ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
The North ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Labor System

Slavery was not only a system of oppression. It was a system of labor supported by a thick tapestry of common law principles that had developed over hundreds of years. One of the most important and difficult problems that emancipation presented was how to disentangle laws designed to support a system of slave labor and reconstruct them on the basis of freedom. In the 1874 case Haskins v. Royster, the North Carolina Supreme Court had its first opportunity to articulate the law and policy that would govern labor in the state in the postwar era. Haskins v. Royster presented the North Carolina Supreme Court with the opportunity to reconstruct its law to promote an egalitarian system of labor, one that distributed power and economic advantage more evenly between employers and employees. Instead, the court’s majority opinion resorted to long-standing ideas and practices embedded in local culture to preserve a hierarchical labor system with the propertied, white male continuing to occupy the seat of authority and power.

scholarly journals Poor Man's Crop? Slavery in Brazilian Cotton Regions (1800-1850)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Cotton South ◽  
Slave Population

Abstract Much of the literature about cotton production in Brazil during the nineteenth century considers cotton as a "poor man's crop" - cultivated by small farmers who did not employ a large slave labor force. However, information provided in population maps from the period between 1800 and 1840 shows that slaves represented half the population in Maranhão, the most important cotton exporter in Brazil until the 1840s. This represented a higher share than in any region in northeast Brazil and was comparable to the slave population shares recorded in the United States' cotton South. This paper shows that, during the cotton boom years (1790-1820), not only was the cotton exported from northeast Brazil to Britain and continental Europe cultivated on large plantations, but also, slave prices were higher in Maranhão than in other Brazilian provinces.

scholarly journals Liberated Africans, Slaves, and Convict Labor in the Construction of Rio de Janeiro's Casa de Correção: Atlantic Labor Regimes and Confinement in Brazil's Port City

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (S27) ◽  
pp. 173-204
Author(s):  
Martine Jean
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Port City ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Convict Labor ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Labor Regimes

AbstractFrom 1834 to 1850, Latin America's first penitentiary, the Casa de Correção in Rio de Janeiro, was a construction site where slaves, “liberated Africans”, convicts, and unfree workers interacted daily, forged identities, and deployed resistance strategies against the pressures of confinement and the demands of Brazil's eclectic labor regimes. This article examines the utilization of this motley crew of workers, the interactions among “liberated Africans”, slaves, and convict laborers, and the government's intervention between 1848 and 1850 to restrict slave labor at the prison in favor of free waged workers. It asserts that the abolition of the slave trade in 1850 and the subsequent inauguration of the penitentiary augured profound changes in Rio's labor landscape, from a predominantly unfree to a free wage labor force.

“Nearly All Have Natives as Helps in Their Families, and This Is as It Should Be”

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-152
Author(s):  
Robert Murray
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Slave Labor

Chapter 3 focuses on Liberia’s labor regime. The colonists made expansive use of a spectrum of coerced, unfree, or debased African labor. The command of black workers undergirded the whiteness of the Americo-Liberians and was the focus of two broad charges leveled at the colony. Critics charged that the Liberian settlers preferred trading with natives rather than engaging in agriculture and that they utilized Africans as a slave labor force. Ideologically and rhetorically, Liberia was complicated as its booster claimed it could uplift two separate populations: indigenous Africans and African American settlers. Working for the settlers within various states of unfreedom would bestow “civilization” upon native Africans; settlers would find uplift through their command of indigenous labor. This framework presented a significant problem: native Africans laboring in Liberia both had to assimilate and remain separate and subordinate.

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