Tropical Signalgrass Control in Seashore Paspalum

doi:10.51626/ijares.2020.01.00001

Tropical Signalgrass Control in Seashore Paspalum

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.51626/ijares.2020.01.00001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Initial Treatment ◽

Golf Course ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Control Option ◽

Coarse Texture ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum

Tropical signalgrass (Urochloa subquadripara) is a mat-forming grass with relatively coarse texture. It is characterized by hairy sheaths and leaf blades plus a short fringe of hair present on the ligule. Tropical signalgrass control in Florida has been challenging for turf managers, in part, due to monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) restrictions. Previous research indicates fall herbicide applications to be more effective than summer applications; however, fall applications typically do not allow turfgrass adequate time to fill in bare spots prior to winter. Two studies were conducted on seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) roughs at The Oaks golf course in Osprey, FL in summer 2019 comparing single and combination treatments of amicarbazone, carfentrazoneethyl, sulfentrazone, flazasulfuron, and quinclorac for control of tropical signalgrass. All treatments were applied with a non-ionicsurfactant at 0.25% v/v. In both studies a sequential application of each treatment was made 21 days after initial treatment (DAIT). Rating dates were 4 June, 25 June, 16 July, and 13 August, corresponding to 0, 21, 42, and 70 DAIT, respectively. In study one, 10 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT), amicarbazone + carfentrazone-ethyl + sulfentrazone at 0.23 + 0.0076 + 0.068 lb ai/acre (0.26 + 0.0085 + 0.076 kg ai/ha), respectively, provided best control (~60%). For study two, at 6 and 10 WAIT, tropical signalgrass control of >50% was not achieved. Overall, long-term postemergence control of tropical signalgrass with summer applications of herbicides tested was incomplete, even with multiple applications; however, amicarbazone + carfentrazone-ethyl + sulfentrazone showed potential as a control option.

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Suppression of Seashore Paspalum in Bermudagrass with Herbicides

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-15.4.187 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 187-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steve D. Davis ◽

Ronny R. Duncan ◽

B. Jack Johnson

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Golf Course ◽

Severely Injured ◽

Total Rate ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Initial Application ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum

Abstract A mixture of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) with bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) results in an overall poor quality turf on golf course fairways. A field experiment was conducted at two locations during 1997 in Hawaii to determine if herbicides would control paspalum encroachment without causing undesirable injury to the bermudagrass. Three applications of Asulox (asulam) applied alone at a total rate of 4.4 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) or with Image (imazaquin) suppressed paspalum ≥97% by 8 weeks after the initial treatment and ≥83% by 10 weeks. The suppression from three applications of Trimec Plus (MSMA + 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba) at a total rate of 11.1 kg/ha (9.6 lb/A) was ≥63% at 8 weeks and ≥70% by 10 weeks. Paspalum suppression from an initial application with Trimec Plus followed by two Asulox treatments was not advantageous, compared with three Asulox treatments. Three applications of Trimec Plus suppressed at least 70% paspalum by 10 weeks. The suppression was poor when treated with Ally (metsulfuron) and sequential applications with Surflan (oryzalin) and MSMA. Tifway bermudagrass (C. transvaalensis x C. dactylon) was severely injured when treated with all herbicides except Ally and Surflan plus MSMA. Maximum injury ranged from 40% when treated sequentially with Trimec Plus and Asulox, to 50% when treated with Asulox, 57% when treated with Asulox plus Image, and 91% when treated with Trimec Plus. By 10 weeks, bermudagrass had started to recover but the overall injury ranged from 28% to 40%.

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Surface Applications of Dazomet Provide Nonselective Control of Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Turf

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-147.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 270-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James T. Brosnan ◽

Gregory K. Breeden

Keyword(s):

Initial Treatment ◽

Warm Season ◽

Effective Control ◽

Similar Response ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Complete Control ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Significant Injury

Herbicide applications prior to turf renovation often fail to provide complete control of perennial warm-season turfgrass species like seashore paspalum. Surface applications of dazomet at 506 kg/ha provided > 90% POST control of ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum turf in 2008. Although applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha or fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha induced significant injury, these treatments provided < 40% POST control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum turf 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 2008. A similar response was noted following applications of glyphosate plus fluazifop-P-butyl at rates of 5.6 kg/ha and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively. POST control following applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha plus fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha, prior to applying dazomet at 506 kg/ha, was not different from that which was observed following applications of dazomet alone at 506 kg/ha. These data suggest that granular applications of dazomet alone, at 506 kg/ha, can be used to provide effective control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum prior to renovation.

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First Report of Laetisaria fuciformis Causing Red Thread on Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in South China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-12-0053-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 1374-1374 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Zhang ◽

Z. B. Nan ◽

G. D. Liu

Keyword(s):

Southern China ◽

Warm Season ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Golf Course ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

First Report ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Plastic Bag

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.) is a prostrate-growing, perennial, warm-season turfgrass native to tropical and coastal areas (2). Because of its good texture and natural tolerance to various environmental stresses, seashore paspalum has been introduced to golf courses in coastal regions of southern China. In April 2010, circular or irregular pink patches ranging from 5 to 50 cm in diameter were observed in the golf course fairway and rough established with cv. Salam on two golf courses in Haikou, Hainan Province, China. When morning dew was present or rainfall occurred, a pink layer of gelatinous fungal growth could be observed on leaves and sheaths. The green leaves of infected plants initially became water soaked, then tan to bleached, shriveled, and infested with pink or reddish, gelatinous, stranded hyphae. The hyphae matted together, then formed threadlike or antlerlike stromata from the tips of blighted leaves. Two isolates from each golf course were collected by plating diseased leaf blades, stromata, or hyphal aggregates from the blighted leaves directly onto antibiotic (0.01% gentamicin sulfate) amended potato dextrose agar. To confirm pathogenicity, isolates were inoculated on 6-week-old P. vaginatum (cv. Seaspray) planted (0.5 mg seed/cm–2) in 10-cm pots. Inoculum was prepared by culturing isolates separately on an autoclaved mixture of 100 g of rye grain and 20 ml of water for 3 weeks at 25°C. Pots were inoculated by placing 2 g of infected grain within the center of the turf canopy or 2 g of sterilized, uninfested grains to serve as controls, with four replications of each treatment. After inoculation, each pot was placed in a translucent plastic bag and placed into a greenhouse at 24 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod (1). Two days after inoculation, the fungus was observed on the leaves. Approximately 40% of leaves in inoculated pots were necrotic after 7 days, and this increased to 80% after 21 days. Diseased plants in inoculated pots displayed symptoms similar to those observed in the field and no symptoms were detected on the control plants. The two isolates were successfully reisolated from all symptomatic tissues, completing Koch's postulates. Sequences of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA (mt-SSU) were amplified from the two isolates by primers MS1 and MS2, and the sequences showed 99% similarity with Laetisaria fuciformis from the NCBI database (Accession No. AY293232). Red thread on turfgrass has been commonly observed in temperate climates during periods of cool and humid weather (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. fuciformis causing red thread on P. vaginatum or from any host plant in China. References: (1) L. L. Burpee and L. G. Goulty. Phytopathology. 74:692, 1984. (2) R. R. Duncan and R. N. Carrow. Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2000. (3) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 38 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005.

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Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

International Journal of Practical Otolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1722857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. e11-e16

Author(s):

Risa Wakisaka ◽

Takumi Kumai ◽

Kan Kishibe ◽

Miki Takahara ◽

Akihiro Katada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

Laryngeal Edema ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Inferior Pole ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

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