Opportunistic Behaviour by International Channel Intermediaries

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Amal R Karunaratna ◽  
Lester W Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between exporters and independent foreign channel intermediaries (FCIs) is complex. The present paper analyses and discusses the potential types of opportunistic behaviour that might be engaged in by foreign agents or distributors (FCIs) using an agency theory approach. A classification framework of opportunistic behaviour is developed and a detailed qualitative examination of the content of five agency-distributor agreements between Australian exporters and their FCIs. A five-category classification scheme for opportunistic behaviour was found that included (1) product, (2) price, (3) information, (4) logistical, and (5) legal opportunism. The implications of each type of opportunism for an exporter are discussed using examples obtained from ways to control opportunistic behaviour are discussed.

Opportunistic Behaviour by International Channel Intermediaries

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Amal R Karunaratna ◽  
Lester W Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between exporters and independent foreign channel intermediaries (FCIs) is complex. The present paper analyses and discusses the potential types of opportunistic behaviour that might be engaged in by foreign agents or distributors (FCIs) using an agency theory approach. A classification framework of opportunistic behaviour is developed and a detailed qualitative examination of the content of five agency-distributor agreements between Australian exporters and their FCIs. A five-category classification scheme for opportunistic behaviour was found that included (1) product, (2) price, (3) information, (4) logistical, and (5) legal opportunism. The implications of each type of opportunism for an exporter are discussed using examples obtained from ways to control opportunistic behaviour are discussed.

Coworker feedback seeking and feedback environment in China: An expectation states theory approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Gong ◽  
Mengshuang Liu ◽  
Di Xin ◽  
Faheem Gul Gilal ◽  
Kui Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design And Technology ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Feedback Environment ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Expectation States Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We empirically explored the impact of feedback seeking, including feedback inquiry and monitoring, on the coworker feedback environment via coworker identification. Participants were 264 employees who worked in research and development, design, and technology sectors of industrial enterprises in China. The results indicated that feedback monitoring, feedback inquiry, and coworker identification were all positively related to the coworker feedback environment after controlling for the effects of demographic variables. Further, coworker identification fully mediated the relationship between feedback inquiry/monitoring and the coworker feedback environment. Our findings expand understanding of the feedback loop by bridging the gap between coworker feedback seeking and the coworker feedback environment. We recommend that coworkers encourage employees' feedback-seeking behavior so that the workplace feedback environment motivates them to ask for the help they need to work independently.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bundling Trade Association Monitoring and Female Board Representation on Loan Losses in Community Credit Unions

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110014
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Ward ◽  
John Forker ◽  
Barry Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Board Representation ◽  
Loan Losses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Loan book management is important to community credit union survival, particularly in deprived localities. Consistent with agency theory, prior studies of credit unions report an association among individual monitoring mechanisms, trade association monitoring, and female board representation, respectively, and reduced loan losses. This study provides a more nuanced understanding by investigating the moderating influence of these monitoring mechanisms on the relationship between loan losses and deprivation and by considering the effect of bundle combinations of different levels of the two monitoring mechanisms on loan losses. The results reveal that credit unions subject to trade association monitoring have the lowest loan losses. However, in the absence of trade association monitoring, female board representation has a moderating effect on loan losses as deprivation increases. Finally, trade association monitoring and female board representation have a substitutive, rather than a complementary effect on loan losses.

Birth mode of family firms, family entering time and R&D investment: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulfiqar ◽  
Shihua Chen ◽  
Muhammad Usman Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Birth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeOn the basis of behavioural agency theory and resource-based view, this study investigates the influence of family firm birth mode (i.e. indirect-established or direct-established), family entering time on R&D investment and the moderating role of the family entering time on the relationship between birth mode and R&D investment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected 2,990 firm-year observations from family firms listed on A-share in China from 2008 to 2016 in the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database. They used pooled regression for data analysis and Tobit regression for robustness checks.FindingsIndirect-established family firms show more inclined behaviour towards R&D investment than direct-established counterparts. Family entering time positively affects the R&D investment of family firms. Moreover, family entering time plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between family firm birth mode (i.e. indirect-established or direct-established) and R&D investment.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is a pioneering study that introduced the concept of family firm birth mode (i.e. indirect-established or direct-established) and family entering time. This work is novel because it differentiated family firms according to their birth modes, an approach which is a contribution to the existing literature of family firms. Moreover, the investigation of the moderating role of family entering time has also produced notable results that help understand the impact of family entering time on different types of family firms. The interpretation of outcomes according to behavioural agency theory also produced useful insights for future researchers as well as for policymakers.

Drivers for voluntary intellectual capital reporting based on agency theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Management Report

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the drivers for voluntary intellectual capital (IC) reporting based on agency theory. This study responds to calls for critical investigations of IC reporting utilising Goebel’s (2015a) IC measuring approach to investigate the role of IC value and mispricing for IC reporting.Design/methodology/approachA mandatory management report offers a unique research setting in Germany. The content analysis results of 428 German management reports are used in a regression analysis with leverage, ownership diffusion, IC value and mispricing. Additionally, a propensity score matching approach examines the relationship between IC reporting and IC value.FindingsThe regression results show that companies use voluntary IC reporting to encounter mispricing. IC reporting is negatively associated with leverage, whereas ownership diffusion and IC value show no significant results. The propensity score matching approach is also not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to strengthening and testing agency theory for IC reporting. As mispricing is identified to play an important role for IC reporting, IC research should account for mispricing.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest to reopen a discussion on the declared aims of the German management report and the international integrated reporting model to provide information on value creation, as IC value shows no link to IC reporting.Originality/valueThis study innovatively links IC reporting to IC value and mispricing to investigate drivers for voluntary IC reporting.

scholarly journals Administrative Work and Job Role Beliefs in Primary Care Physicians: An Analysis of Semi-Structured Interviews

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989909
Author(s):  
Eric Apaydin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Job Roles ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Administrative Work ◽  
Job Role ◽  
The Relationship

Primary care physicians face increasing amounts of administrative work (e.g., entering notes into electronic health records, managing insurance issues, delivering test results, etc.) outside of face-to-face patient visits. The objective of this study is to qualitatively describe the experience that primary care physicians have with administrative work, with an emphasis on their beliefs about their job role. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 family physicians and internists in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Miami and qualitatively analyzed themes from interview transcripts using the grounded theory approach. Two major themes concerning the relationship between primary care physicians and administrative work were discovered: (a) Administrative work was not central to primary care physicians’ job role beliefs, and (b) “below license” work should be delegated to nonphysicians. Job roles should be considered in future efforts to reduce physician administrative work in primary care.

scholarly journals The Spin Structure of the Nucleon

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1660001
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Ji ◽  
Yong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering ◽  
Virtual Compton Scattering ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Large Momentum ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

We justify the physical meaning of the spin and orbital angular momentum of free partons in the infinite momentum frame, and discuss the relationship between the Jaffe-Manohar and Ji’s sum rules for proton spin. The parton orbital angular momentum in the Jaffe-Manohar sum rule can be measured through twist-three GPD’s in hard scattering processes such as deeply virtual Compton scattering. Furthermore, we propose that the paton orbital angular momentum as well as the gluon helicity can be calculated in lattice QCD through a large momentum effective theory approach, and provide all the one-loop matching conditions for the proton spin content in perturbative QCD.

scholarly journals Twitter content classification

First Monday ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Dann
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Content Classification ◽  
Insight Into

This paper delivers a new Twitter content classification framework based sixteen existing Twitter studies and a grounded theory analysis of a personal Twitter history. It expands the existing understanding of Twitter as a multifunction tool for personal, profession, commercial and phatic communications with a split level classification scheme that offers broad categorization and specific sub categories for deeper insight into the real world application of the service.

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