‘Het vooruitzigt op zijn toekomstig geluk’

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-112
Author(s):  
Jos Gabriëls
Keyword(s):  
Upper Class ◽  
Royal Patronage

Door pages op te nemen in zijn hofhouding bood Lodewijk Napoleon, koning van Holland (1806-1810), jonge zoons van de elite de mogelijkheid zich in een hoofse omgeving voor te bereiden op een carrière als legerofficier. Deze aloude junior functies waren gering in aantal en erg gezocht. Voor de koning vormden zij een van de middelen om zijn nieuw gecreëerde troon van legitimiteit te voorzien. Dit artikel bestudeert aan de hand van de pagebenoemingen de patronagerelatie tussen Lodewijk Napoleon en de vooraanstaande families in het koninkrijk. Een prosopografische analyse van de in totaal vijfentwintig pages laat zien hoe hij daarbij probeerde zo veel mogelijk geledingen binnen de verbrede en verbrokkelde elite recht te doen. Hoewel de korte duur van Lodewijks koningschap deze inspanningen uiteindelijk doorkruiste, blijkt de loyaliteit van de pages en hun families in veel gevallen zonder bezwaar te zijn overgegaan op het daaropvolgende keizerlijke bewind.By admitting pages into his household, King of Holland Louis Bonaparte (1806-1810) allowed upper class adolescents to be groomed for military careers in a prestigious environment. These traditional junior court positions, few in number and eagerly coveted, constituted one of the King’s instruments to bolster the legitimacy of his newly-created throne. This article examines royal patronage through the appointments of pages, considering Louis Bonaparte’s policies as well as the response of the country’s leading families. A prosopographical analysis of the total of twenty-five pages reveals how he sought to integrate as many sections of the kingdom’s broadened and fragmented elite as possible. Although the King’s efforts were eventually thwarted by the brevity of his reign, the allegiance of both the pages and their families proved in many cases to have been easily transferred to the succeeding imperial regime.

Dmenisions of Human Behavior in The Novel “The Foreigner” By Arun Joshi

IJOHMN ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Abhishek Verma
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
As If ◽  
Available Resources

In the modern age of globalization and modernization, people have become selfish and self-centered.  Feeling of sympathy and kindness towards poor people have almost bolted from the hearts of those who have richly available resources.  They leave needy people running behind their luxurious chauffer-driven cars.  Poor and marginalized people keep shouting for help for their dear ones but upper class people trying to show as if they did not hear any long distant sound crept into their eardrums.  This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AMARNA LETTERS TOWARDS A STUDY OF SYRO-PALESTINIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1). TERMINOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-832
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Muntingh
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Free People ◽  
Shed Light

Egyptian domination under the 18th and 19th Dynasties deeply influenced political and social life in Syria and Palestine. The correspondence between Egypt and her vassals in Syria and Palestine in the Amarna age, first half of the fourteenth century B.C., preserved for us in the Amarna letters, written in cuneiform on clay tablets discovered in 1887, offer several terms that can shed light on the social structure during the Late Bronze Age. In the social stratification of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule according to the Amarna letters, three classes are discernible:1) government officials and military personnel, 2) free people, and 3) half-free people and slaves. In this study, I shall limit myself to the first, the upper class. This article deals with terminology for government officials.

C-class functions and pair (F,h) Upper class on common best proximity points results for new proximal C-contraction mappings

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 3459-3471
Author(s):  
A.H. Ansari ◽  
Geno Jacob ◽  
D. Chellapillai
Keyword(s):  
Best Proximity Point ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Best Proximity Points ◽  
Contraction Mappings ◽  
Common Best Proximity Point

In this paper, using the concept of C-class and Upper class functions we prove the existence of unique common best proximity point. Our main result generalizes results of Kumam et al. [[17]] and Parvaneh et al. [[21]].

Culture and Commerce

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukti Khaire
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Commerce Building ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This book describes how commercial ventures in creative industries have cultural impact. Since royal patronage of arts ended, firms in the creative industries, working within the market mechanism, have been responsible for the production and distribution of the cultural goods—art, books, films, fashion, and music—that enrich our lives. This book counters the popular perception that this marriage of art and business is a necessary evil, proposing instead that entrepreneurs who introduce radically new cultural works to the market must bring about a change in society’s beliefs about what is appropriate and valuable to encourage consumption of these goods. In so doing, these pioneer entrepreneurs change minds, not just lives; the seeds of cultural change are embedded in the world of commerce. Building on theories of value construction and cultural production, integrated with field research on pioneer firms (like Chanel and the Sundance Institute) and new market categories (like modern art and high fashion in India), the author develops conceptual frameworks that explain the structure and functioning of creative industries. Through a systematic exposition of the roles and functions of the players in this space—creators, producers, and intermediaries—the book proposes a new way to understand the relationship among markets, entrepreneurship, and culture. Khaire also discusses challenges inherent in being entrepreneurial in the creative industries, paying special attention to the implications of digitalization and globalization, and suggests prescriptive directions for individuals and firms wishing to balance pecuniary motivations with cultural convictions in this rapidly changing world.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
The Rich

The conclusion summarizes key themes in the rich Russians’ stories: their origins both in the transition to a market economy and in earlier Soviet history, and their subsequent search for social distinction. This book has been grounded in the assumption that the upper-class individuals analyzed wish to be convinced that they deserve their position because of who they are and their superior qualities. It has stressed the importance of the view of fellow bourgeois peers in the outlook of the bourgeoisie, rather than the issue of social legitimacy in the eyes of the Russian population, which is a task that lays ahead of the second generation of bourgeoisie. Current moves away from crude ostentation toward more etiquette, more family, and some degree of modesty, philanthropy, and patriotism are essential if the bourgeoisie is to reproduce itself and if it is to keep its place in a post-Putin Russia.

Class, Patronage, and Poetry in Hanoverian England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Batt
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Public Identity ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Agricultural Labourer ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Stephen Duck

This book explores the complex and contested relationships that existed between class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England by examining the life and work of Stephen Duck, the ‘famous Threshing Poet’. In 1730, Duck became the most famous agricultural labourer in the nation when his writing won him the patronage of Queen Caroline. The man, and the writing he produced, intrigued contemporaries. How was it possible, they asked, for an agricultural labourer to become a poet? What would a thresher write? Did he really deserve royal patronage, and what would he do with such an honour? How should he be supported? And was he an isolated prodigy, or were there others like him, equally deserving of support? Duck’s remarkable story reveals the tolerances, and intolerances, of the Hanoverian social order. This book sheds new light on the poet’s early life, revealing how the farm labourer developed an interest in poetry; how he wrote his most famous poem, ‘The Thresher’s Labour’; how his public identity as the ‘famous Threshing Poet’ took shape; and how he came to be positioned as a figurehead of labouring-class writing. It explores how the patronage Duck received shaped his writing; how he came to reconceive his relationship with land, labour, and leisure; and how he made use of his newly acquired classical learning to develop new friendships and career opportunities. And it reveals how, after Duck’s death, rumours about his suicide came to overshadow the achievements of his life. Both in life, and in death, this book argues, Duck provided both opportunity and provocation for thinking through the complex interplay of class, patronage, and poetry in Hanoverian England.

Privilege Accumulation Among Upper Middle-Class Youth in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minor Mora-Salas ◽  
Orlandina de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Mexican Families ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
Class Youth

This chapter demonstrates how upper middle-class Mexican families mobilize a vast array of social, cultural, and economic resources to expand their children’s opportunities in life and ensure the intergenerational transmission of their social position. The authors analyze salient characteristics of families’ socioeconomic and demographics in the life histories of a group of young Mexicans from an upper middle-class background. Many believe that micro-social processes, especially surrounding education, are key to understanding how upper-class families mobilize their various resources to shape their children’s life trajectories. These families accumulate social advantages over time that accrue to their progeny and benefit them upon their entrance to the labor market.

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