Child Journalists, the Civil War, and the Intersectional Work of Reporting Grief

In 1864, editors of two nationally-circulating periodicals, Nellie Williams (aged 14) and her sisters, Allie and Mary (aged 12 and 17), reported that their only brother and Union Soldier, Leroy K. Williams, was missing in action. Filtering personal trauma through the performative discourses of nineteenth-century journalism, these young writers publicised their anguish over their brother’s capture. The culturally-situated intersectional identities reflected in and contested by their reporting—as white Northerners, working-class youth, loyal sisters, and enterprising journalists—expose a kaleidoscope of fissures and collisions between private and public, silence and enunciation, gender and class, trauma and resilience. The resulting tensions illustrate the ways by which genres shaped, and were shaped by, children’s articulations of suffering for a national audience during wartime.

'It's either Maccas or uni': A Bourdieusian analysis of working-class youth in New Zealand

<p>School to work transitions is often presented as a binary choice. You either pursue a university education that is framed as a sure-fire pathway to both social and economic mobility, or you pursue a ‘lesser’ form of industrial and vocational training, with little of hope of advancement. However, this thesis argues that this assumption must be contested, as it obscures the complexity of all school to work transitions and the potential for social mobility in these ‘lesser’ forms of education. Through interviews with young men and women who are training as an apprentice or have recently completed their apprenticeship, this thesis hopes to provide a more complex snapshot of school to work transitions, focusing on how apprentices find and adapt to their new trade. My overall argument centres on Bourdieu’s theory of practice which is often discussed concerning the specific class-based outcomes of education for students from different class conditions (Bourdieu 1977). While this approach is useful to showing the complexity of school to work transitions from supposedly ‘lesser’ pathways, this approach is overly reliant on habitus, presenting a type of individual agency that is primarily reproductive and non-conducive to any potential transformation. Instead of focusing on just habitus in understanding this transition, a greater emphasis is placed on Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’. Specifically, how field conditions can influence both the degree and the type of agency within a field, presenting a more complicated conception of agency that can be simultaneously reproductive and transformative.</p>

'It's either Maccas or uni': A Bourdieusian analysis of working-class youth in New Zealand

<p>School to work transitions is often presented as a binary choice. You either pursue a university education that is framed as a sure-fire pathway to both social and economic mobility, or you pursue a ‘lesser’ form of industrial and vocational training, with little of hope of advancement. However, this thesis argues that this assumption must be contested, as it obscures the complexity of all school to work transitions and the potential for social mobility in these ‘lesser’ forms of education. Through interviews with young men and women who are training as an apprentice or have recently completed their apprenticeship, this thesis hopes to provide a more complex snapshot of school to work transitions, focusing on how apprentices find and adapt to their new trade. My overall argument centres on Bourdieu’s theory of practice which is often discussed concerning the specific class-based outcomes of education for students from different class conditions (Bourdieu 1977). While this approach is useful to showing the complexity of school to work transitions from supposedly ‘lesser’ pathways, this approach is overly reliant on habitus, presenting a type of individual agency that is primarily reproductive and non-conducive to any potential transformation. Instead of focusing on just habitus in understanding this transition, a greater emphasis is placed on Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’. Specifically, how field conditions can influence both the degree and the type of agency within a field, presenting a more complicated conception of agency that can be simultaneously reproductive and transformative.</p>

Social professional portrait of the middle class: regional aspect (Case Study: the City of Omsk-Russia)

The study analyzes the regional features of the social-professional characteristics of the middle class and the migration attitudes of the middle-class youth (for example, in the city of Omsk). The empirical basis of the study is the data of a sociological survey conducted at the Department of Sociology of Dostoevsky Omsk State University in 2021.The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It is concluded that the position of the middle class and factors of migration relations are associated with the social-economic conditions for the development of creative environment in the city.

Specifying Standard Scores and Levels for Some Physical Variables as Indicators for Selecting Youth Soccer Players Aged (17 – 19) years Old

The importance of the study lies in specifying standard scores and levels for some physical variables based on special standardized scientific tests that help specialists and coaches select the best youth players in physical performance. The study aimed at identifying some physical variables for selecting youth soccer players as well as setting tests and standard scores and levels. The researchers used the descriptive method on (340) first-class youth players who represent (17) clubs. The researcher specified the physical variables and special tests for them then applied the tests to collect the data and come up with the conclusion and recommendations.

The readiness assessment regarding labor migration of the new working-class youth

The article is devoted to the study of labor mobility and the possibility of using systematic sociological data so as to gauge the readiness for labor migration of the working youth. The purpose of this work is to construct a methodology (logical index) and assess the readiness level of labor migration of the new working-class youth of the Ural Federal District (UFD). The study object is working youth (15-29 years old), employed in the sphere of industry and in the field of services. Based on the cluster analysis of data from a mass questionnaire survey (which was conducted in the Ural Federal District in 2018), the gender, the industry and territorial specifics of the readiness level concerning labor migration of three social types of the working youth the earning ones, the surviving ones and the adapted ones, have been analysed. According to the results of the study, it is definite that the most quantified readiness regarding labor migration is among the rural youth of the social type the surviving ones, among young women of the social type the earning ones, as well as among the working youth employed in the service sector (regardless of their social type). The results can be used by public authorities in order to to gauge the readiness level of labor migration in the particular region and to develop regional targeted programs concerning the effective use of labor resources.

Jihadism in Europe

European jihadism is a multi-faceted social, political and cultural phenomenon, linked not only to the extremist behavior of a limited group but also to a broader crisis, including the lack of utopia and loss of meaning among the middle class, and the humiliation and denial of citizenship among disaffiliated young people in poor districts all over Western Europe. The family and its crisis, in many ways, have played a role in promoting jihadism, particularly in families of immigrant origin whose relationship to patriarchy was different from that of the mainstream society in Europe. Among middle-class families, the crisis of authority was a key factor for the departure of middle-class youth. At the urban level, a large proportion of jihadists come from poor and ethnically segregated districts with high levels of social deviance and the stigma attached to them. Within these poor districts, a specific subculture was built up (I call it the slum culture), which influenced young people and imposed on them a lifestyle likely to combine resentment and deviance with humiliation and denial of citizenship in a difficult relationship with mainstream society. But jihadism was also an expression of the loss of hope in the future in a globalized world among middle-class and lower-class youth. The caliphate in Syria promised the earth to these young people during its ascent between 2014 and 2015 and even after, this time as a prophet of a gloomy end times.

Jihadi Actors

IS jihadism attracted several new categories of male and female actors, sometimes newcomers (European teenagers, for instance). During the crucial years of 2013–2017, when IS was born, established, thrived, and then declined, most of these actors identified with the new State that epitomized in their minds the rebirth of the caliphate and the dawn of a new world. The main link between them was the aspiration to a future other than the one they had come to expect in their society as well as a sense of a meaningful and sacred mission, which consisted in fulfilling the utopia of a universal Islamic State. An unbridled imagination, often with contempt for reality, but in search of a new world, inspired them. Chapter 3 describes the wide variety of jihadi actors, the main group being disaffected youth, but also a minority of middle-class youth, young women who represent a specific group (the majority being jihadi brides rather than jihadi agents), converts, and recruiters and preachers.

Literacy Events and Literacy Practices: A Critical Discourse Study of Intersection of Class, Gender and Literacy in Pakistan

This article attempts to examine some of the literacy practices in middle class youth of Pakistan over 18 years of age and determine the relationship between literacies, gender and particular middle class social practices. Young men and women of Pakistan acquire multiple literacies depending upon different social institutions they find themselves in and different discourses they are exposed to during course of their lives. These social institutions in turn shape their outlook and mould them into desired individuals. The literacies which have been identified in the current research include school literacies, home literacies, leisure time literacies, oral literacies, media literacies, religious literacies and communication channels related literacies. In order to achieve its ends, this research analyzes discourse samples of students of the Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan which were collected using qualitative methods of open-ended questionnaire and case studies. The questionnaire was conducted with 16 research participants (8 male and 8 female students). The findings have been discussed with case studies of two research participants (1 male and 1 female).

Life-course patterns of new working-class youth in Russia

PurposeThis article aims to explore the dominant normative patterns that establish the timing and order of life events, determining the desirable life strategies for working-class youth in modern Russia.Design/methodology/approachExploring the interrelationship between new working-class studies and life-course studies, this research combines the consideration of life course as a structurally organised integrity with a phenomenological perspective on the study of life strategies. The empirical basis of research consists of a survey of 1532 young working-class representatives living in the Ural Federal District of Russia and biographical in-depth interviews with 31 of them.FindingsThe study resulted in persisting significance and values of traditional life-course structures while showing that the current social conditions do not allow for this life strategy to be fulfilled. Young workers choose adaptation and survival life strategies that restrict the realisation of their professional and cultural potential. The obtained data have confirmed the presence of some worldwide tendencies, such as the dispersion of events during transition to adulthood, a combination of schooling and full-time work and an earlier career start of working-class representatives.Originality/valueThe sequencing and timing of life-course events of Russian working-class youth is an original research topic. The present study proposes and substantiates the notion of the new working class and criteria for its definition.