Effect of concomitant diseases on the hemostasis system in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgery

Author(s):  
И.С. Пряхин ◽  
С.С. Мурашко ◽  
С.А. Бернс ◽  
И.Н. Пасечник

В данном исследовании изучалось влияние клинических факторов и антитромботической терапии на свертывающую систему крови пациентов в периоперационном периоде. В исследование включено 80 пациентов, которым проводилось плановое некардиальное хирургическое вмешательство. Лабораторный контроль осуществлялся с использованием рутинных методов исследования гемостаза (АЧТВ, МНО) и глобального теста исследования гемостаза (тест тромбодинамики). Использование теста тромбодинамики в данном исследовании оказалось более чувствительным методом по сравнению с рутинными тестами и позволило выявить клинические факторы, ассоциированные с гиперкоагуляционными состояниями и снижением эффективности низкомолекулярных гепаринов в послеоперационном периоде: возраст старше 60 лет, фибрилляция предсердий, хроническая ишемическая болезнь сердца, стентирование коронарных артерий в анамнезе, предшествующий прием антитромботической терапии до оперативного вмешательства. У больных с тромбозом глубоких вен нижних конечностей отмечалась гиперкоагуляция в первые сутки после проведения операции по сравнению с остальными пациентами. Использование теста тромбодинамики за сутки до оперативного вмешательства позволило спрогнозировать увеличение объема интраоперационной кровопотери. Назначение периоперационной мост-терапии низкомолекулярными гепаринами у больных с высоким тромботическим риском достоверно ассоциировалось с увеличением трансфузии эритромассы практически в 2 раза по сравнению с остальными пациентами и было связано с повышением риска геморрагических осложнений. Результаты исследования показали, что тест тромбодинамики потенциально может быть применен в дальнейших исследованиях с целью персонификации ведения пациентов в периоперационном периоде при некардиальной хирургии, а также способен прогнозировать возникновение геморрагических и тромботических осложнений. This study examined the effect of clinical factors and antithrombotic therapy on the blood coagulation system of patients in the perioperative period. The study included 80 patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgery. Laboratory control of hemostasis was carried out using routine tests for studying hemostasis (APTT, INR) and a global test for hemostasis (thrombodynamics test). Usage of the thrombodynamics test in this study was more sensitive compared to routine tests and made it possible to identify clinical factors associated with hypercoagulable states and «decreasing in the effectiveness» of low molecular weight heparins in the postoperative period. These factors are: age over 60 years, chronic ischemic heart disease, a history of coronary artery stenting, prior antithrombotic therapy before surgery. Hypercoagulability was found on the first day after surgery in patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities compared to other patients. The use of a thrombodynamics test a day before surgery allowed to predict an increase of intraoperative blood loss volume. Perioperative bridge therapy with low molecular weight heparins in high thrombotic risk patients was significantly associated with an increase in packed red blood cells transfusion of almost two times compared with other patients and is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. The results of the study showed that thrombodynamics test can potentially be used further with the aim of personalizing patients’ management in the non-cardiac surgery perioperative period. It also helps to predict the occurrence of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Article Editorial

Antithrombotic therapy is often used during pregnancy for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism, systemic embolism in patients with heart valve prostheses, for prevention of foetal loss in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, placenta-mediated complications. In common, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have largely replaced unfractionated heparin as the anticoagulant. However, in case of placenta-mediated complications it has off-label status. The effectiveness and safety of the LMWHs in pregnant women at an increased risk of placenta-mediated complications is discussed in this review. LMWH is effective, safety, easy to administer and associated with a low incidence of foetal and maternal complications.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
E. S. Eniseeva

Liver cirrhosis is accompanied by complex hemostatic disorders with an increase in the risk of both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. Reduced coagulation protein synthesis, such as factors II, VII, IX, X and thrombocytopenia are associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Reducing the synthesis of such anticoagulants as protein C, protein S, antithrombin III is accompanied by increased generation of thrombin, which leads to procoagulant status, increased risk of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and portal vein thrombosis. Activation of the coagulation cascade increases the risk of thrombosis, and also plays an important role in liver damage, contributing to the progression of fibrosis. Cirrhosis increases the risk of thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation.Anticoagulants are necessary for the prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolic complications. However, there are no large prospective studies. There is insufficient data on the safety of anticoagulant therapy in cirrhosis. There are difficulties in monitoring anticoagulation in the application of vitamin K antagonists and low molecular weight heparins.The review presents the available data on the use of warfarin, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with liver cirrhosis, indicating the need for prevention of venous thrombosis in patients with risk factors, the possibility of preventing decompensation of cirrhosis, reducing the frequency of cardioembolic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation.


Author(s):  
В. Середавкина ◽  
М. Решетняк ◽  
Л. Насонов

Лечение антифосфолипидного синдрома (АФС) — это пожизненная первичная и вторичная профилактика тромбозов. В связи с появлением новых антикоагулянтов вопрос выбора антитромботической терапии стал более сложным. В статье рассматривается оптимизация подбора антикоагулянтов при АФС с позиции патогенеза болезни в зависимости от имеющихся факторов риска и коморбидности. Освещены достоинства и показания к регулярному контролю анти-Ха активности плазмы у больных первичным и вторичным АФС. Therapy of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a lifelong primary and secondary prophylaxis of thromboses. Due to appearance of new anticoagulants question of antithrombotic therapy choosing became more complicated. Optimization of anticoagulants selection at APS according pathogenesis, existing risk factors and comorbidity is discussed. Advantages and indications for regular monitoring of plasma anti-Xa activity at patients with primary and secondary APS are presented.


2017 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
R. A. Khvavstunov ◽  
S. E. Tolstopyatov

The purpose of our study is to evaluate our own experience in the use of low molecular weight heparins, in particular bemiparin, in a group of patients with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events undergoing major surgery for esophageal and gastric cancer. The study presents a comparative analysis of these groups and short-term results of the use of bemiparin in cancer patients.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Katsourakis ◽  
George Noussios ◽  
George Kapoutsis ◽  
Efthimios Chatzitheoklitos

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are the standard agents used for antithrombotic therapy and prophylaxis. Despite their widespread use, reports about adverse effects from LMWHs are very scarce. Heparin-induced skin necrosis at the injection site is a rare adverse effect, more commonly associated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) rather than with LMWH, while its mechanism remains unclear. This paper deals with the enoxaparin induced skin necrosis.


1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S5-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Jeanine Walenga ◽  
A Ahsan ◽  
O Iqbal ◽  
W Jeske ◽  
...  

SummaryThe introduction of low molecular weight heparins has added a new dimension to the pharmacological management of thrombotic disorders. Because of different chemical and pharmacological characteristics, due to the manufacturing process, each LMWH should be considered as a distinct entitity and only be used for its given indication. A list of commercially available LMWHs is included. The mechanism of action of the LMWHs and their use in various disorders are discussed. Available laboratory tests for monitoring LMWHs are presented and their limitations pointed out.


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