Supplementary material to "Dimethyl sulfide and its role in aerosol formation and growth in the Arctic summer – a modelling study"

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, DMS(g), is a climatically important sulfur compound and is the main source of biogenic sulfate aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere. DMS(g) production and emission to the atmosphere increase during the summer due to the greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. We implemented DMS(g) in the Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) online air quality forecast model, GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multiscale–Modelling Air quality and CHemistry), and compared model simulations with DMS(g) measurements made in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July and August 2014. Two seawater DMS(aq) datasets were used as input for the simulations: (1) a DMS(aq) climatology dataset based on seawater concentration measurements (Lana et al., 2011) and (2) a DMS(aq) dataset based on satellite detection (Galí et al., 2018). In general, GEM-MACH simulations under-predict DMS(g) measurements, which is likely due to the negative biases in both DMS(aq) datasets. However, a higher correlation and smaller bias were obtained with the satellite dataset. Agreement with the observations improved when climatological values were replaced by DMS(aq) in situ values that were measured concurrently with atmospheric observations over Baffin Bay and the Lancaster Sound area in July 2014. The addition of DMS(g) to the GEM-MACH model resulted in a significant increase in atmospheric SO2 for some regions of the Canadian Arctic (up to 100 %). Analysis of the size-segregated sulfate aerosol in the model shows that a significant increase in sulfate mass occurs for particles with a diameter smaller than 200 nm due to the formation and growth of biogenic aerosol at high latitudes (>70∘ N). The enhancement in sulfate particles is most significant in the size range from 50 to 100 nm; however, this enhancement is stronger in the 200–1000 nm size range at lower latitudes (<70∘ N). These results emphasize the important role of DMS(g) in the formation and growth of fine and ultrafine sulfate-containing particles in the Arctic during the summertime.

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Dimethyl sulfide and its role in aerosol formation and growth in the Arctic summer – a modelling study

10.5194/acp-2019-470 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Roghayeh Ghahremaninezhad ◽

Wanmin Gong ◽

Martí Galí ◽

Ann-Lise Norman ◽

Stephen R. Beagley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Size Range ◽

Sea Water ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Forecast Model ◽

Sulfate Aerosol ◽

The Arctic ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Baffin Bay

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, DMS(g), is a climatically important sulfur compound and is the main source of biogenic sulfate aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere. DMS(g) production and emission to the atmosphere increase during the summer due to greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. We implemented DMS(g) in the GEM-MACH model (GEM: Global Environmental Multiscale – Environment and Climate Change Canada's (ECCC) numerical weather forecast model, MACH: ECCC's Modelling Air quality and CHemistry – chemistry and aerosol microphysics) for the Arctic region, and compared model simulations with DMS(g) measurements made in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July and August 2014. Two sea water DMS(aq) datasets were used as input to the simulations: (1) DMS(aq) climatology dataset based on seawater concentration measurements (Lana et al., 2011) and (2) DMS(aq) dataset based on satellite detection (Galí et al., 2018). In general, GEM-MACH simulations underpredict DMS(g) measurements, likely due to negative biases in both DMS(aq) datasets. Yet, higher correlation and smaller bias were obtained with the satellite dataset. Agreement with the observations improved by replacing climatological values with in situ measured DMS(aq) concurrently with atmospheric observations over Baffin Bay and Lancaster Sound area in July 2014. The addition of DMS(g) to the GEM-MACH model resulted in a significant increase in atmospheric SO2 for some regions in the Canadian Arctic (up to 100 %). Analysis of the size-segregated sulfate aerosol in the model shows that a significant increase in sulfate mass occurs for particles with a diameter smaller than 200 nm due to formation and growth of biogenic aerosol at high latitudes (> 70° N). The enhancement in sulfate particles is most significant in the size range of 50 to 100 nm, however, this enhancement is stronger in the 200–1000 nm size range at lower latitudes (

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Role of dimethyl sulfide on the formation and growth of aerosols, and its impact on liquid clouds in the Arctic summer

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20267 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roya Ghahreman ◽

Wanmin Gong ◽

Ann-Lise Norman ◽

Stephen R. Beagley ◽

Ayodeji Akingunola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Cloud Droplet ◽

Liquid Water Content ◽

High Arctic ◽

Cloud Microphysics ◽

The Arctic ◽

The Impact ◽

Arctic Summer

Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, DMS, is the main biogenic source of sulfate particles in the Arctic atmosphere. Sulfate particles have a net cooling effect, which can partially offset Arctic warming from absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon. As efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), sulfate particles are also able to influence the cloud&#8217;s microphysical properties.&#160;DMS production and emission to the atmosphere increase during the Arctic summer, due to a greater ice-free sea surface area and higher biological activity. In the model simulation of a field campaign conducted over the Canadian high Arctic during the summer of 2014 (NETCARE; Abbatt et al. 2019), the inclusion of DMS in the model, GEM-MACH, resulted in a significant increase, up to 100%, in the modelled atmospheric SO2&#160;in some regions of the Canadian Arctic. Analysis of the modelled size-segregated aerosol sulfate indicated that DMS has the most significant impact on particles in the size range of 50 &#8211; 200 nm in this case. Simulations have shown that localized regions of high seawater DMS can have a significant impact on atmospheric concentrations.Further investigation of DMS impact on the Arctic summer cloud microphysics was carried out by using a fully coupled version of GEM-MACH. Overall, the model simulations show that the inclusion of DMS in model leads to an increase in cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) and a decrease in droplet mean mass diameters (MMD), and has no significant effects on liquid water content (LWC). The impact of DMS on Canadian weather forecasts will be evaluated using operational forecast tools.

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Dimethyl sulfide control of the clean summertime Arctic aerosol and cloud

Elem Sci Anth ◽

10.12952/journal.elementa.000017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

W. Richard Leaitch ◽

Sangeeta Sharma ◽

Lin Huang ◽

Desiree Toom-Sauntry ◽

Alina Chivulescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Transport Model ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Carbon Number ◽

Cloud Droplet ◽

The Arctic ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Cloud Albedo ◽

Significant Control ◽

Arctic Summer

Abstract One year of aerosol particle observations from Alert, Nunavut shows that new particle formation (NPF) is common during clean periods of the summertime Arctic associated with attendant low condensation sinks and with the presence of methane sulfonic acid (MSA), a product of the atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). The clean aerosol time periods, defined using the distribution of refractory black carbon number concentrations, increase in frequency from June through August as the anthropogenic influence dwindles. During the clean periods, the number concentrations of particles that can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) increase from June through August suggesting that DMS, and possibly other oceanic organic precursors, exert significant control on the Arctic summertime submicron aerosol, a proposition supported by simulations from the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS global chemical transport model with particle microphysics. The CCN increase for the clean periods across the summer is estimated to be able to increase cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) by 23–44 cm-3, comparable to the mean CDNC increase needed to yield the current global cloud albedo forcing from industrial aerosols. These results suggest that DMS may contribute significantly to modification of the Arctic summer shortwave cloud albedo, and they offer a reference for future changes in the Arctic summer aerosol.

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Supplementary material to "Vertical profile of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic Spring and Summer"

10.5194/acp-2017-33-supplement ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Roghayeh Ghahremaninezhad ◽

Ann-Lise Norman ◽

Betty Croft ◽

Randall V. Martin ◽

Jeffrey R. Pierce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Profile ◽

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

The Arctic ◽

Supplementary Material

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Oceanic phytoplankton are a potentially important source of benzenoids to the remote marine atmosphere

Communications Earth & Environment ◽

10.1038/s43247-021-00253-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manon Rocco ◽

Erin Dunne ◽

Maija Peltola ◽

Neill Barr ◽

Jonathan Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Laboratory Culture ◽

Marine Phytoplankton ◽

Marine Atmosphere ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Incubation Experiments ◽

Phytoplankton Communities ◽

Anthropogenic Air Pollutants ◽

Benzene Toluene

AbstractBenzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes can contribute to hydroxyl reactivity and secondary aerosol formation in the atmosphere. These aromatic hydrocarbons are typically classified as anthropogenic air pollutants, but there is growing evidence of biogenic sources, such as emissions from plants and phytoplankton. Here we use a series of shipborne measurements of the remote marine atmosphere, seawater mesocosm incubation experiments and phytoplankton laboratory cultures to investigate potential marine biogenic sources of these compounds in the oceanic atmosphere. Laboratory culture experiments confirmed marine phytoplankton are a source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and in mesocosm experiments their sea-air fluxes varied between seawater samples containing differing phytoplankton communities. These fluxes were of a similar magnitude or greater than the fluxes of dimethyl sulfide, which is considered to be the key reactive organic species in the marine atmosphere. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes fluxes were observed to increase under elevated headspace ozone concentration in the mesocosm incubation experiments, indicating that phytoplankton produce these compounds in response to oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that biogenic sources of these gases may be sufficiently strong to influence atmospheric chemistry in some remote ocean regions.

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