scholarly journals Review for ‘Long term MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2, HCHO and aerosols and evaluation of corresponding satellite data products over Mohali in the Indo-Gangetic plain’

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

scholarly journals Long-term MAX-DOAS measurements of NO<sub>2</sub>, HCHO, and aerosols and evaluation of corresponding satellite data products over Mohali in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 14183-14235
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Steffen Beirle ◽  
Steffen Dörner ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Mishra ◽  
Sebastian Donner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Data Products ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. We present comprehensive long-term ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of aerosols, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) from Mohali (30.667∘ N, 76.739∘ E; ∼310 m above mean sea level), located in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. We investigate the temporal variation in tropospheric columns, surface volume mixing ratio (VMR), and vertical profiles of aerosols, NO2, and HCHO and identify factors driving their ambient levels and distributions for the period from January 2013 to June 2017. We observed mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 360 nm, tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD), and tropospheric HCHO VCD for the measurement period to be 0.63 ± 0.51, (6.7 ± 4.1) × 1015, and (12.1 ± 7.5) × 1015 molecules cm−2, respectively. Concerning the tropospheric NO2 VCDs, Mohali was found to be less polluted than urban and suburban locations of China and western countries, but comparable HCHO VCDs were observed. For the more than 4 years of measurements during which the region around the measurement location underwent significant urban development, we did not observe obvious annual trends in AOD, NO2, and HCHO. High tropospheric NO2 VCDs were observed in periods with enhanced biomass and biofuel combustion (e.g. agricultural residue burning and domestic burning for heating). Highest tropospheric HCHO VCDs were observed in agricultural residue burning periods with favourable meteorological conditions for photochemical formation, which in previous studies have shown an implication for high ambient ozone also over the IGP. Highest AOD is observed in the monsoon season, indicating possible hygroscopic growth of the aerosol particles. Most of the NO2 is located close to the surface, whereas significant HCHO is present at higher altitudes up to 600 m during summer indicating active photochemistry at high altitudes. The vertical distribution of aerosol, NO2, and HCHO follows the change in boundary layer height (BLH), from the ERA5 dataset of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, between summer and winter. However, deep convection during the monsoon transports the pollutants at high altitudes similar to summer despite a shallow ERA5 BLH. Strong gradients in the vertical profiles of HCHO are observed during the months when primary anthropogenic sources dominate the formaldehyde production. High-resolution MODIS AOD measurements correlate well but were systematically higher than MAX-DOAS AODs. The ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements were used to evaluate three NO2 data products and two HCHO data products of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the first time over India and the IGP. NO2 VCDs from OMI correlate reasonably with MAX-DOAS VCDs but are lower by ∼30 %–50 % due to the difference in vertical sensitivities and the rather large OMI footprint. OMI HCHO VCDs exceed the MAX-DOAS VCDs by up to 30 %. We show that there is significant scope for improvement in the a priori vertical profiles of trace gases, which are used in OMI retrievals. The difference in vertical representativeness was found to be crucial for the observed biases in NO2 and HCHO surface VMR intercomparisons. Using the ratio of NO2 and HCHO VCDs measured from MAX-DOAS, we have found that the peak daytime ozone production regime is sensitive to both NOx and VOCs in winter but strongly sensitive to NOx in other seasons.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Debjani Sihi ◽  
Biswanath Dari ◽  
Zhengjuan Yan ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Water contamination is often reported in agriculturally intensive areas such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in south-eastern Asia. We evaluated the impact of the organic and conventional farming of basmati rice on water quality during the rainy season (July to October) of 2011 and 2016 at Kaithal, Haryana, India. The study area comprised seven organic and seven conventional fields where organic farming has been practiced for more than two decades. Water quality parameters used for drinking (nitrate, NO3; total dissolved solids (TDS); electrical conductivity (EC) pH) and irrigation (sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC)) purposes were below permissible limits for all samples collected from organic fields and those from conventional fields over the long-term (~15 and ~20 years). Importantly, the magnitude of water NO3 contamination in conventional fields was approximately double that of organic fields, which is quite alarming and needs attention in future for farming practices in the IGP in south-eastern Asia.

Estimation of High-Resolution PM2.5 over the Indo-Gangetic Plain by Fusion of Satellite Data, Meteorology, and Land Use Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 7891-7900
Author(s):  
Alaa Mhawish ◽  
Tirthankar Banerjee ◽  
Meytar Sorek-Hamer ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Alexei I. Lyapustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

scholarly journals Long-term aerosol climatology over Indo-Gangetic Plain: Trend, prediction and potential source fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
K.S. Parmar ◽  
D.B. Kumar ◽  
A. Mhawish ◽  
D.M. Broday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trend Prediction ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Stability of the gravel-sand transition of the Ganga Plains recorded in Siwalik stratigraphy; implications for extreme floods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Quick ◽  
Hugh Sinclair ◽  
Mikael Attal ◽  
Rajiv Sinha ◽  
Rohtash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Extreme Floods ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Siwalik Group ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain ◽  
Stable Feature

&lt;p&gt;Many rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain are prone to abrupt switching of channel courses causing devastating floods over some of the world&amp;#8217;s poorest and most densely populated regions. Recent work has identified the gravel-sand transition as an avulsion node for the channels; notably the avulsion of the Kosi River in 2008 occurred in close proximity to its gravel-sand transition. The gravel-sand transition is a geomorphic feature observed within all major mountain-fed, and smaller foothill-fed Himalayan rivers ranging from 10 to 20 km downstream from the mountain front. It is characterised by an abrupt downstream reduction in grain size from gravel to sand and is often associated with a break in channel gradient, which suggests it is a relatively stable feature over the last few thousands of years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, new subsurface data from the Kosi mega-fan in eastern Nepal reveals 10-20 Ka gravels located ~50 km downstream from the current gravel-sand transition. The implication is that this key geomorphic boundary can periodically prograde considerably further into the Ganga Plains. A greater long-term (&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; yrs) understanding of the controls on the gravel-sand transition is achieved by studying the stratigraphic record of the Miocene Siwalik Group, which is exhumed as a series of thrusted fault blocks at the Himalayan mountain front. The Siwalik succession is divided into three lithofacies units that coarsens upwards from siltstones and sandstones to coarse conglomerates. The units are termed the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwaliks respectively and reflect the current depositional environments found on the Ganga Plains. &lt;br&gt;The gravel-sand transition is recorded as the contact between the Middle and Upper Siwaliks. Significant gravel pulses have been identified directly below the Middle to Upper Siwalik contact and suggests that the gravel-sand transition is indeed mobile and can episodically prograde far into the plains. Sedimentological characteristics of the gravel pulses and sediment entrainment calculations suggest that extreme events (e.g. enhanced monsoon, earthquakes and GLOFS) can force gravel far into the Ganga Plains, impacting the position the gravel-sand transition. These episodes of distant gravel progradation must represent extreme floods from which the sedimentological system must take many years to recover. Such events are beyond the historic timescales of human narrative, and hence have not been recognised as a risk to the populations of the plains.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Status in Coconut after Long-term Drip Fertigation in Indo-gangetic Plain of South Bihar Alluvial Zone(a)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Avinash Sarin Saxena ◽  
Sankar Chandra Paul ◽  
Amit Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Rajiv Rakshit ◽  
Ruby Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Soil Fertility Status ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain ◽  
Drip Fertigation

scholarly journals An Assessment of New Satellite Data Products for the Development of a Long-term Global Solar Resource At 10-100 km

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W Stackhouse ◽  
Richard Perez ◽  
Manajit Sengupta ◽  
Kenneth Knapp ◽  
J. Colleen Mikovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Solar Resource
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