scholarly journals Declines and peaks in NO<sub>2</sub> pollution during the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the New York metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tzortziou ◽  
Charlotte Frances Kwong ◽  
Daniel Goldberg ◽  
Luke Schiferl ◽  
Róisín Commane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
No2 Pollution

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic created an extreme natural experiment in which sudden changes in human behavior and economic activity resulted in significant declines in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, immediately after strict lockdowns were imposed. Here we examined the impact of multiple waves and response phases of the pandemic on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) dynamics and the role of meteorology in shaping relative contributions from different emission sectors to NO2 pollution in post-pandemic New York City. Long term (> 3.5 years), high frequency measurements from a network of ground-based Pandora spectrometers were combined with TROPOMI satellite retrievals, meteorological data, mobility trends, and atmospheric transport model simulations to quantify changes in NO2 across the New York metropolitan area. The stringent lockdown measures after the first pandemic wave resulted in a decline in top-down NOx emissions by approx. 30 % on top of long-term trends, in agreement with sector-specific changes in NOx emissions. Ground-based measurements showed a sudden drop in total column NO2 in spring 2020, by up to 36 % in Manhattan and 19–29 % in Queens, New Jersey and Connecticut, and a clear weakening (by 16 %) of the typical weekly NO2 cycle. Extending our analysis to more than a year after the initial lockdown captured a gradual recovery in NO2 across the NY/NJ/CT tri-state area in summer and fall 2020, as social restrictions eased, followed by a second decline in NO2 coincident with the second wave of the pandemic and resurgence of lockdown measures in winter 2021. Meteorology was not found to have a strong NO2 biasing effect in New York City after the first pandemic wave. Winds, however, were favorable for low NO2 conditions in Manhattan during the second wave of the pandemic, resulting in larger column NO2 declines than expected based on changes in transportation emissions alone. Meteorology played a key role in shaping the relative contributions from different emission sectors to NO2 pollution in the city, with low-speed (< 5 ms−1) SW-SE winds enhancing contributions from the high-emitting power-generation sector in NJ and Queens and driving particularly high NO2 pollution episodes in Manhattan, even during – and despite – the stringent early lockdowns. These results have important implications for air quality management in New York City, and highlight the value of high resolution NO2 measurements in assessing the effects of rapid meteorological changes on air quality conditions and the effectiveness of sector-specific NOx emission control strategies.

Participation of Parents in Programs for the Gifted in New York City

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
Geraldine D. Chapey ◽  
Teresa A. Trimarco
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Private School ◽  
York City ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Historical Relationship

The historical relationship between parents and the schools forms the background for this recent survey that examined the role that parents of gifted children now play in educational programming. Parents across the New York metropolitan area responded to survey items built on twenty-seven modes of participation. Analysis of the results included comparisons of responses by parents, officers in parent associations, and public/private school affiliations. The survey confirmed the hypothesis that parents of gifted/talented children have not yet achieved high rates of participation in these school programs.

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles in the New York Metropolitan Area Using MATPOWER Power System Simulation Package

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Acquaviva ◽  
Earl Foster ◽  
Charles Ferdon ◽  
K. Max Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New York State ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
New York Metropolitan Area

The effects of plug-in hybrid vehicles in New York City could be substantial to the city’s efforts to achieve future climate change goals and environmental initiatives. This study focuses on these effects as they correlate to the energy supply system, transportation network, and air quality control. To accomplish this analysis a variety of techniques were used to model the transportation and electric networks around New York City. The transportation system is modeled through close manipulation of U.S Census Data collected in 2000 and 2003 in which citizens were asked questions pertaining to their daily journeys to work. The power grid for the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) is modeled using a MATLAB program entitled MATPOWER developed by professors and students at Cornell University. By incorporating real-time load datum, this program has the capability of rendering accurate depictions of changes in power plant loads, emissions, and costs. In addition, the program will distinguish the type of energy used on the margin and locate the geographic region of that energy source. With this capability, the focus of this study surrounded three main objectives: to estimate market growth of PHEVs in the New York metropolitan area, investigate how fuel used to generate power changes with increase in demand, and to analyze the effects on emissions from cars and power plants. Initial analysis indicates that the introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the New York City commuter fleet will have a net positive effect on reducing both total emissions and localized emissions around the city’s transportation infrastructure. At an ambitious rate of 20% PHEV penetration, New York could save nearly 625,000 gallons of gasoline per day. This is equivalent to 33,000 barrels of oil. At the current gasoline prices in New York State of $2.087 per gallon, this is a daily savings of $1.3 million dollars per day. In addition, at this penetration the PHEV’s would displace over 29,000 metric tonnes of net carbon dioxide per day.

Association of Jewish Libraries, 28th Annual Convention, 1993, New York City: Reflections and Recommendations

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Edith Lubetski ◽  
Esther Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Annual Convention ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
New York Metropolitan Area

Memories linger on of the 28th annual convention of the Association of Jewish Libraries (AJL), hosted by the New York Metropolitan Area chapter, June 20-23, 1993. In this introduction to the published proceedings, we share some of those memories, note the special features of the convention, and make recommendations for future AJL conventions.

scholarly journals The emergence, surge and subsequent wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in New York metropolitan area: The view from a major region-wide urgent care provider.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Rane ◽  
Angela Profeta ◽  
Emily Poehlein ◽  
Sarah Kulkarni ◽  
McKaylee Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Native American ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Care Provider ◽  
York City ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
New York Metropolitan Area

Background: Describing SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity trends among urgent care users is crucial for understanding the trajectory of the pandemic. Objective: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics, positivity rates, and repeat testing patterns among patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 at CityMD, an urgent care provider in the New York City metropolitan area. Design: Retrospective study of all persons testing for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020 and January 8, 2021 at 115 CityMD locations in the New York metropolitan area. Patients: Individuals receiving a SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic or serologic test. Measurements: Test and individual level SARS-CoV-2 positivity by PCR, rapid antigen, or serologic tests. Results: During the study period, 3.4 million COVID tests were performed on 1.8 million individuals. In New York City, CityMD diagnosed 268,298 individuals, including 17% of all reported cases. Testing levels were higher among 20-29 year olds, non-Hispanic Whites, and females compared with other groups. About 24.8% (n=464,902) were repeat testers. Test positivity was higher in non-Hispanic Black (6.4%), Hispanic (8.0%), and Native American (8.0%) patients compared to non-Hispanic White (5.4%) patients. Overall seropositivity was estimated to be 21.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 21.6-21.8) and was highest among 10-14 year olds (27.3%). Seropositivity was also high among non-Hispanic Black (24.5%) and Hispanic (30.6%) testers, and residents of the Bronx (31.3%) and Queens (30.5%). Using PCR as the gold standard, SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests had a false positive rate of 5.4% (95%CI 5.3-5.5). Conclusion: Urgent care centers can provide broad access to critical evaluation, diagnostic testing and treatment of a substantial number of ambulatory patients during pandemics, especially in population-dense, urban epicenters.

scholarly journals Canine and human infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in the New York City metropolitan area

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Herrin ◽  
Melissa J. Beall ◽  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Monica Papeş ◽  
Susan E. Little
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Human Infection

Long-Term Outcomes of an Abstinence-Based, Small-Group Pregnancy Prevention Program in New York City Schools

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Lieberman ◽  
Heather Gray ◽  
Megan Wier ◽  
Renee Fiorentino ◽  
Patricia Maloney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Small Group ◽  
York City ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention Program ◽  
City Schools

Building-level analyses to prospectively detect influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities: New York City, 2013-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Beth Nivin ◽  
Alice Yeung ◽  
Annie D. Fine ◽  
Sharon K. Greene
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
Building Level

Examination of New York City Transit’s Bus and Subway Ridership Trends During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110288
Author(s):  
Anne Halvorsen ◽  
Daniel Wood ◽  
Darian Jefferson ◽  
Timon Stasko ◽  
Jack Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
York City ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Partial Data

The New York City metropolitan area was hard hit by COVID-19, and the pandemic brought with it unprecedented challenges for New York City Transit. This paper addresses the techniques used to estimate dramatically changing ridership, at a time when previously dependable sources suddenly became unavailable (e.g., local bus payment data, manual field checks). The paper describes alterations to ridership models, as well as the expanding use of automated passenger counters, including validation of new technology and scaling to account for partial data availability. The paper then examines the trends in subway and bus ridership. Peak periods shifted by both time of day and relative intensity compared with the rest of the day, but not in the same way on weekdays and weekends. On average, trip distances became longer for subway and local bus routes, but overall average bus trip distances decreased owing to a drop in express bus usage. Subway ridership changes were compared with neighborhood demographic statistics and numerous correlations were identified, including with employment, income, and race and ethnicity. Other factors, such as the presence of hospitals, were not found to be significant.

Planning from the Bottom Up

Last Subway ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 124-156
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Plotch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
System Increase ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Rail Service

This chapter recounts how New York City Transit Authority rail service planners Peter Cafiero, Chuck Kirchner, Glenn Lunden, and Jon Melnick resurrected the Second Avenue subway in 1988. Even though the Transit Authority was in the early stages of its 1987–91 capital program, the planners' bosses wanted to start getting ready for the next program, which would run from 1992 to 1996. The first step would be to create a document that assessed the authority's long-term needs and identified projects that would rehabilitate the subway system, increase ridership, improve productivity, and expand system capacity. One proposal the planners wrote to address the Lexington Avenue's problems was an idea that the MTA planner Bob Olmsted had first championed in 1975—a Second Avenue subway north of 63rd Street. As the Second Avenue subway proposal moved up the Transit Authority hierarchy, the authority's president, David Gunn, agreed that the time was right to begin thinking about expanding the subway system. Before he could devote significant resources to advancing the Second Avenue subway, however, it would have to compete with other potential megaprojects under discussion at the MTA's agencies.

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