scholarly journals The response of the Amazon ecosystem to the photosynthetically active radiation fields: integrating impacts of biomass burning aerosol and clouds in the NASA GEOS Earth system model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 14177-14197
Author(s):  
Huisheng Bian ◽  
Eunjee Lee ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Donifan Barahona ◽  
Mian Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Amazon experiences fires every year, and the resulting biomass burning aerosols, together with cloud particles, influence the penetration of sunlight through the atmosphere, increasing the ratio of diffuse to direct photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching the vegetation canopy and thereby potentially increasing ecosystem productivity. In this study, we use the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model with coupled aerosol, cloud, radiation, and ecosystem modules to investigate the impact of Amazon biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity, as well as the role of the Amazon's clouds in tempering this impact. The study focuses on a 7-year period (2010–2016) during which the Amazon experienced a variety of dynamic environments (e.g., La Niña, normal years, and El Niño). The direct radiative impact of biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity – called here the aerosol diffuse radiation fertilization effect – is found to increase Amazonian gross primary production (GPP) by 2.6 % via a 3.8 % increase in diffuse PAR (DFPAR) despite a 5.4 % decrease in direct PAR (DRPAR) on multiyear average during burning seasons. On a monthly basis, this increase in GPP can be as large as 9.9 % (occurring in August 2010). Consequently, the net primary production (NPP) in the Amazon is increased by 1.5 %, or ∼92 Tg C yr−1 – equivalent to ∼37 % of the average carbon lost due to Amazon fires over the 7 years considered. Clouds, however, strongly regulate the effectiveness of the aerosol diffuse radiation fertilization effect. The efficiency of this fertilization effect is the highest in cloud-free conditions and linearly decreases with increasing cloud amount until the cloud fraction reaches ∼0.8, at which point the aerosol-influenced light changes from being a stimulator to an inhibitor of plant growth. Nevertheless, interannual changes in the overall strength of the aerosol diffuse radiation fertilization effect are primarily controlled by the large interannual changes in biomass burning aerosols rather than by changes in cloudiness during the studied period.

scholarly journals The Response of the Amazon Ecosystem to the Photosynthetically Active Radiation Fields: Integrating Impacts of Biomass Burning Aerosol and Clouds in the NASA GEOS ESM 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huisheng Bian ◽  
Eunjee Lee ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Donifan Barahona ◽  
Mian Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertilizer Effect

Abstract. The Amazon experiences fires every year, and the resulting biomass burning aerosols, together with cloud particles, influence the penetration of sunlight through the atmosphere, increasing the ratio of diffuse to direct photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching the vegetation canopy and thereby potentially increasing ecosystem productivity. In this study, we use the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model running with coupled aerosol, cloud, radiation, and ecosystem modules to investigate the impact of Amazon biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity, as well as the role of the Amazon’s clouds in tempering the impact. The study focuses on a seven-year period (2010–2016) during which the Amazon experienced a variety of dynamic environments (e.g., La Niña, normal years, and El Niño). The radiative impacts of biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity – call here the aerosol light fertilizer effect – are found to increase Amazonian Gross Primary Production (GPP) by 2.6 % via a 3.8 % increase in diffuse PAR (DFPAR) despite a 5.4 % decrease in direct PAR (DRPAR) on multiyear average. On a monthly basis, this increase in GPP can be as large as 9.9 % (occurring in August 2010). Consequently, the net primary production (NPP) in the Amazon is increased by 1.5 %, or ~92 TgCyr−1– equivalent to ~37 % of the carbon lost due to Amazon fires over the seven years considered. Clouds, however, strongly regulate the effectiveness of the aerosol light fertilizer effect. The efficiency of the fertilizer effect is highest for cloud-free conditions and linearly decreases with increasing cloud amount until the cloud fraction reaches ~0.8, at which point the aerosol-influenced light changes from being a stimulator to an inhibitor of plant growth. Nevertheless, interannual changes in the overall strength of the aerosol light fertilizer effect are primarily controlled by the large interannual changes in biomass burning aerosols rather than by changes in cloudiness during the studied period.

scholarly journals Global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, and the diffuse components dataset of China, 1981–2010

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Ren ◽  
Honglin He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Guirui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Solar radiation, especially photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), is the main energy source of plant photosynthesis; and the diffuse component can enhance canopy light use efficiency, thus increasing ecosystem productivity. In order to predict the terrestrial ecosystem productivity precisely, we not only need global radiation and PAR as driving variables, but also need to treat diffuse radiation and diffuse PAR explicitly in ecosystem models. Therefore, we generated a series of radiation datasets, including global radiation, diffuse radiation, PAR, and diffuse PAR of China from 1981 to 2010, based on the observations of China Meteorology Administration (CMA) and Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). The dataset should be useful for the analysis of the spatio-temporal variations of solar radiation in China and the impact of diffuse radiation on terrestrial ecosystem productivity based on ecosystem models. The dataset is freely available from the Zenodo at the website of https://zenodo.org/record/1198894 (DOI: 10.11922/sciencedb.555).

Simulation of Mediterranean forest carbon pools under expected environmental scenarios

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiesi ◽  
M. Moriondo ◽  
F. Maselli ◽  
L. Gardin ◽  
L. Fibbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Simulating the effects of possible environmental changes on the forest carbon budget requires the use of calibrated and tested models of ecosystem processes. A recently proposed simulation approach based on the use of the BIOME-BGC model was applied to yield estimates of present carbon fluxes and pools in Tuscany forests (central Italy). After the validation of these estimates against existing ground data, the simulation approach was used to assess the impact of plausible climate changes (+2 °C and increased CO2 concentration) on forest carbon dynamics (gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), and relevant allocations). The results indicate that the temperature change tends to inhibit all production and allocation processes, which are instead enhanced by the CO2 concentration rise. The combination of the two factors leads to a general increase in both GPP and NPP that is higher for deciduous oaks and chestnut (+30% and 24% for GPP and +42% and 31% for NPP, respectively). Additionally, vegetation carbon is slightly increased, while total soil carbon remains almost unchanged with respect to the present conditions. These findings are analyzed with reference to the Tuscany forest situation and previous studies on the subject.

scholarly journals Improved estimations of gross primary production using satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Cai ◽  
Wenping Yuan ◽  
Shunlin Liang ◽  
Xiaotong Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Active Radiation

scholarly journals Global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, and the diffuse component dataset of China, 1981–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Ren ◽  
Honglin He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Guirui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Diffuse Component ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Active Radiation

Abstract. Solar radiation, especially photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), is the main energy source of plant photosynthesis, and the diffuse component can enhance canopy light use efficiency, thus increasing ecosystem productivity. In order to predict the terrestrial ecosystem productivity precisely, we not only need global radiation and PAR as driving variables, but also need to treat diffuse radiation and diffuse PAR explicitly in ecosystem models. Therefore, we generated a series of radiation datasets, including global radiation, diffuse radiation, PAR, and diffuse PAR of China from 1981 to 2010, based on the observations of the China Meteorology Administration (CMA) and the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). The dataset should be useful for the analysis of the spatiotemporal variations of solar radiation in China and the impact of diffuse radiation on terrestrial ecosystem productivity based on ecosystem models. The dataset is freely available from Zenodo on the following website: https://zenodo.org/record/1198894#.Wx6–C_MwWo (https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.555, Ren et al., 2018).

scholarly journals Influência entre relação de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e radiação global na produtividade primária bruta para Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Celina Cândida Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Do Rosário Alves Patriota ◽  
Bernardo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
André Bezerra Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Relationship

This work aims to establish a relationship between the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the global radiation (Rg) for Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (SP), during the period from February 2005 to February 2006 and evaluate its impact on gross primary production (GPP). Data of Rg (Wm-2) and PAR (μmols s-1m-2) were obtained from the mirometeorological tower located in Gleba Cerrado Giant Foot. Data analysis allowed the establishment of a linear equation to express the relationship between PAR (MJ m-2) and Rg (MJ m-2) as: PAR = 0.3787 Rg or PAR = 1.742 Rg, for PAR (μmols s-1m-2) and Rg (MJ m-2). This relationship is indicated for the GPP determination when there is no PAR measurements.

scholarly journals Integration of Forest Growth Component in the FEST-WB Distributed Hydrological Model: The Bonis Catchment Case Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1794
Author(s):  
Mouna Feki ◽  
Giovanni Ravazzani ◽  
Alessandro Ceppi ◽  
Gaetano Pellicone ◽  
Tommaso Caloiero
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Forest Model ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the FEST-FOREST model is presented. A FOREST module is written in the FORTRAN-90 programming language, and was included in the FEST-WB distributed hydrological model delivering the FEST-FOREST model. FEST-FOREST is a process-based dynamic model allowing the simulation at daily basis of gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) together with the carbon allocation of a homogeneous population of trees (same age, same species). The model was implemented based on different equations from literature, commonly used in Eco-hydrological models. This model was developed within the framework of the INNOMED project co-funded under the ERA-NET WaterWorks2015 Call of the European Commission. The aim behind the implementation of the model was to simulate in a simplified mode the forest growth under different climate change and management scenarios, together with the impact on the water balance at the catchment. On a first application of the model, the results are considered very promising when compared to field measured data.

Moisture and heat advection as drivers of global ecosystem productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik L. Schumacher ◽  
Jessica Keune ◽  
Diego G. Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Impact

<p>Terrestrial ecosystems play a key role in climate by dampening the increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations primarily caused by anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. The capability of the land biosphere to act as a carbon sink largely depends on climate conditions, which determine the energy and water availability required by plants to grow. Even though only a small part of the global land area is covered by vegetation, the impact of extreme dry and wet seasons has been shown to largely drive the global interannual variability of gross primary production. The climate in a certain area can be seen as the balance of different heat and moisture fluxes: local surface–atmosphere fluxes from below, entrainment of heat and moisture from aloft, and ‘horizontal’ advection of heat and moisture from upwind regions. The latter provides a mechanism for remote regions to impact gross primary production downwind, and has received less scientific attention. Here, advection is inferred from a bird’s eye perspective, focussing on the five ecoregions with the largest interannual variability in peak productivity around the globe. Employing the atmospheric Lagrangian trajectory model FLEXPART, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we track the air residing over ecoregions back in time to deduce the origins of heat and moisture that affect ecosystem gross primary production. Utilizing the evaporative source regions supplying water for precipitation to these ecosystems, as well as the analogous source regions of advected heat, we estimate the contribution of advection to gross primary production. Our findings show that source regions of heat and moisture are not congruent: upwind land surfaces typically supply most of the advected heat, whereas upwind oceans tend to provide more moisture. Moreover, low gross primary production in heat-stressed and water-limited ecosystems is often accompanied by enhanced heat and reduced moisture advection from land regions, exacerbated by upwind land–atmosphere feedbacks. These results demonstrate that anomalies in atmospheric advection can cause ecosystem productivity extremes. Particularly in light of ongoing climate change, we emphasize the potentially detrimental effects of upwind areas that may cause long-lasting impacts on the terrestrial carbon budget, thereby further affecting the climate.</p>

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