scholarly journals Simulation of dust aerosol and its regional feedbacks over East Asia using a regional climate model

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Zhang ◽  
A. S. Zakey ◽  
X. J. Gao ◽  
F. Giorgi ◽  
F. Solmon
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Long Wave

Abstract. The ICTP regional climate model (RegCM3) coupled with a desert dust aerosol model is used to simulate the net radiative forcing (short-wave and long-wave) and related climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asia. Two sets of experiments are completed and intercompared, one without (Exp. 1) and one with (Exp. 2) the radiative effects of dust aerosols. The experiments encompass the main dust producing months, February through May, for 10 years (1997–2006), and the simulation results are evaluated against ground station and satellite data. The model captures the basic observed climatology over the area of interest. The spatial and temporal variations of near surface concentration, mass load, optical depth and emission of dust aerosols from the main source regions are reproduced by model. The main model deficiency is an overestimate of dust amounts over the source regions and an underestimate downwind of these source areas, which indicates an underestimate of dust dispersal. Over the desert source regions, the net TOA radiative forcing is positive, while it is small over the other regions as a result of high surface albedo values which reduce the short-wave radiative forcing. The net surface radiative fluxes are decreased by dust and this causes a surface cooling locally up to −1°C. The inclusion of net (short-wave and long-wave) dust radiative forcing leads to a reduction of dust emission in the East Asia source regions, which is mainly caused by an increase in local stability and a corresponding decrease in dust lifting. Our results indicate that dust effects should be included in the assessment of climate change over East Asia.

scholarly journals Simulation of dust aerosol and its regional feedbacks over East Asia using a regional climate model

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4625-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Zhang ◽  
A. S. Zakey ◽  
X. J. Gao ◽  
F. Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Mass Load

Abstract. The ICTP regional climate model (RegCM3) coupled with a desert dust model is used to simulate the radiative forcing and related climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asia. Two sets of experiments encompassing the main dust producing months, February to May, for 10 years (1997–2006) are conducted and inter-compared, one without (Exp. 1) and one with (Exp. 2) the radiative effects of dust aerosols. The simulation results are evaluated against ground station and satellite data. The model captures the basic observed climatology over the area of interest. The spatial and temporal variations of near surface concentration, mass load, and emission of dust aerosols from the main source regions are reproduced by model, with the main model deficiency being an overestimate of dust amount over the source regions and underestimate downwind of these source areas. Both the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes are decreased by dust and this causes a surface cooling locally up to −1°C. The inclusion of dust radiative forcing leads to a reduction of dust emission in the East Asia source regions, which is mainly caused by an increase in local stability and a corresponding decrease in dust lifting. Our results indicate that dust effects should be included in the assessment of climate change over East Asia.

scholarly journals Projected Changes in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices Over CORDEX-MENA Domain

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Tugba Ozturk ◽  
F. Sibel Saygili-Araci ◽  
M. Levent Kurnaz
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Extreme Indices

In this study, projected changes in climate extreme indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices were investigated over Middle East and North Africa. Changes in the daily maximum and minimum temperature- and precipitation- based extreme indices were analyzed for the end of the 21st century compared to the reference period 1971–2000 using regional climate model simulations. Regional climate model, RegCM4.4 was used to downscale two different global climate model outputs to 50 km resolution under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Results generally indicate an intensification of temperature- and precipitation- based extreme indices with increasing radiative forcing. In particular, an increase in annual minimum of daily minimum temperatures is more pronounced over the northern part of Mediterranean Basin and tropics. High increase in warm nights and warm spell duration all over the region with a pronounced increase in tropics are projected for the period of 2071–2100 together with decrease or no change in cold extremes. According to the results, a decrease in total wet-day precipitation and increase in dry spells are expected for the end of the century.

scholarly journals Direct radiative effects of dust aerosols emitted from the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian summer monsoon – a regional climate model simulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Zaitao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. While dust aerosols emitted from major Asian sources such as Taklimakan and Gobi Deserts have been shown to have strong effect on Asian monsoon and climate, the role of dust emitted from Tibetan Plateau (TP) itself, where aerosols can directly interact with the TP heat pump because of their physical proximity both in location and elevation, has not been examined. This study uses the dust coupled RegCM4.1 regional climate model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of dust aerosols originating in the TP and their radiative effects on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during both heavy and light dust years. Two 20-year simulations with and without the dust emission from TP showed that direct radiative cooling in the mid-troposphere induced by the TP locally produced dust aerosols resulted in an overall anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the low-troposphere centered over the TP region. The northeasterly anomaly in the EASM region reduces its strength considerably. The simulations found a significant negative correlation between the TP column dust load produced by local emissions and the corresponding anomaly in the EASM index (R=−0.41). The locally generated TP dust can cause surface cooling far downstream in eastern Mongolia and northeastern China through stationery Rossby wave propagation. Although contribution to the total Asian dust source from within TP (mainly Qaidam Basin) is relatively small, its impacts on Asian monsoon and climate seems disproportionately large, likely owning to its higher elevation within TP itself.

scholarly journals Study of dust aerosol – climate interactions using a regional climate model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αθανάσιος Τσικερδέκης
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Climate Interactions

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή χρησιμοποιήθηκε το κλιματικό μοντέλο περιοχής RegCM4, για τη μελέτη των διάφορων διεργασιών που αφορούν την ατμοσφαιρική σκόνη και το κλίμα. Το RegCM4 περιλαμβάνει ένα λεπτομερές σχήμα εκπομπής, μεταφοράς και εναπόθεσης της σκόνης. Η αξιολόγηση του μοντέλου πραγματοποιείται με τη χρήση διάφορων δεδομένων παρατήρησης από επίγειους σταθμούς, δορυφορικές μετρήσεις και δεδομένα μοντέλων επ-ανάλυσης (LIVAS, CRU, ERA-interim, CERES, TRMM και CMSAF). Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται περιγραφικά οι διεργασίες σκόνης που λαμβάνουν μέρος στην ατμόσφαιρα και μια αναλυτική περιγραφή του σχήματος σκόνης που χρησιμοποιεί το RegCM4. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται παρουσίαση του RegCM4 και δεδομένων παρατηρήσεων και δορυφορικών μετρήσεων. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζει την ευαισθησία του μοντέλου στον αριθμό των ομάδων μεγέθους σκόνης (bin) που χρησιμοποιεί. Η περίοδος αναφοράς είναι μεταξύ 2007 και 2014 και το χωρικό πεδίο ορισμού περιλαμβάνει την Σαχάρα την Μεσόγειο και ένα τμήμα της Ευρώπης. Δύο μέθοδοι διαχωρισμού των ομάδων μεγέθους σκόνης. Η πρώτη προκαθορισμένη μέθοδος του μοντέλου δημιουργεί 4 ομάδες μεγέθους σκόνης, όπου η έκταση κάθε ομάδες ορίζεται ισο-λογαριθμικά χρησιμοποιώντας την διάμετρο των σωματιδίων σκόνης (4bin-isolog). Στην δεύτερη περίπτωση οι ομάδες σκόνης είναι 12 και η έκταση κάθε ομάδας ορίζεται σύμφωνα με την ταχύτητα ξηρής εναπόθεσης των σωματιδίων σκόνης (12bin-isogradient). Η καινούργια μέθοδος διαχωρισμού των ομάδων σκόνης αυξάνει τις συγκεντρώσεις των μεγάλων και μικρών σωματιδίων σκόνης κατά 4% και 3% αντίστοιχα. Επίσης, αυξάνει το οπτικό βάθος της σκόνης κατά 10% πάνω από την Μεσόγειο και την Σαχάρα. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο μελετά την μεταφορά σκόνης από την Σαχάρα προς τον Ατλαντικό και την ήπειρο της Αμερικής χρησιμοποιώντας το κλιματικό μοντέλο περιοχής RegCM4 για την περίοδο Δεκέμβριος 2006 με Νοέμβριο 2014. Το μέσο οπτικό βάθος του μοντέλου προσομοιώνεται ικανοποιητικά, με μια μικρή (0.05) υποεκτίμηση/υπερεκτίμηση για το Νότιο και Βόρειο τμήμα του Ατλαντικού ωκεανού αντίστοιχα. Σύμφωνα με το RegCM4 η συνολική εναπόθεση σκόνης για την 8ετή περίοδο εξέτασης είναι 4.3±0.4 Tg•yr-1, 154.5±10.7 Tg•yr-1 και 10.3±0.6 Tg•yr-1 για την λεκάνη του Αμαζονίου, τον Ατλαντικό ωκεανό και την Καραϊβική αντίστοιχα. Η ξηρή εναπόθεση παίζει πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο στον Ατλαντικό (88.9%) και την Καραϊβική (85.4%), ενώ η υγρή εναπόθεση είναι αρκετά σημαντική στην λεκάνη του Αμαζονίου (67.4%). Η τρίτη ενότητα αποτελεσμάτων εξετάζει την άμεση και ήμι-άμεση επιρροή της σκόνης στην ακτινοβολία πάνω από την Μεσόγειο, την Σαχάρα και την Σαχέλ για την πρώτη (1999-01-01 εώς 2009-11-30) και την τελευταία (2089-01-01 to 2099-11-30) δεκαετία του 21ου αιώνα. Η μελλοντική κλιματική αλλαγή προσομοιώνεται σύμφωνα με το σενάριο εκπομπών θερμοκηπικών αερίων RCP 4.5. Η άμεση επίδραση της σκόνης στην ακτινοβολία είναι ισχυρότερη από την ήμι-άμεση την ψυχρή και την θερμή περίοδο του έτους, αν και κατά την διάρκεια του καλοκαιριού η ήμι-άμεση επιρροή της σκόνης στην μεγάλου μήκους ακτινοβολίας φτάνει το 50% πάνω ορισμένες περιοχές της ερήμου. Στην μελλοντική δεκαετία οι συγκεντρώσεις της σκόνης και η επίδραση της στην ακτινοβολία, την θερμοκρασία και τα νέφη ενισχύεται. Επίσης, η επίδραση της σκόνης στις μελλοντικές κλιματικές προβολές μειώνει την άνοδο της θερμοκρασία λόγω κλιματικής αλλαγής κατά 0.3°C πάνω από την Σαχέλ και την ενισχύει κατά 0.2°C πάνω από την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Σαχάρας.

scholarly journals Estimating radiative forcing efficiency of dust aerosol based on direct satellite observations: case studies over the Sahara and Taklimakan Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 11669-11687
Author(s):  
Lin Tian ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lei Bi
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
The Taklimakan Desert

Abstract. The direct radiative forcing efficiency of dust aerosol (DRFEdust) is an important indicator to measure the climate effect of dust. The DRFEdust is determined by the microphysical properties of dust, which vary with dust source regions. However, there are only sparse in situ measurements of them, such as the distribution of the dust aerosol particle size and the complex refractive index in the main dust source regions. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the non-spherical effect of the dust particle is not negligible. The DRFEdust is often evaluated by estimating given microphysical properties of the dust aerosols in the radiative transfer model (RTM). However, considerable uncertainties exist due to the complex and variable dust properties, including the complex refractive index and the shape of the dust. The DRFEdust over the Taklimakan Desert and Sahara is derived from the satellite observations in this paper. The advantage of the proposed satellite-based method is that there is no need to consider the microphysical properties of the dust aerosols in estimating the DRFEdust. For comparison, the observed DRFEdust is compared with that simulated by the RTM. The differences in the dust microphysical properties in these two regions and their impacts on DRFEdust are analyzed. The DRFEdust derived from the satellite observation is -39.6±10.0 W m-2τ-1 in March 2019 over Tamanrasset in the Sahara and -48.6±13.7 W m-2τ-1 in April 2019 over Kashi in the Taklimakan Desert. According to the analyses of their microphysical properties and optical properties, the dust aerosols from the Taklimakan Desert (Kashi) scatter strongly. The RTM-simulated results (−41.5 to −47.4 W m-2τ-1 over Kashi and −32.2 to −44.3 W m-2τ-1 over Tamanrasset) are in good agreement with the results estimated by satellite observations. According to previous studies, the results in this paper are proven to be reasonable and reliable. The results also show that the microphysical properties of the dust can significantly influence the DRFEdust. The satellite-derived results can represent the influence of the dust microphysical properties on the DRFEdust, which can also validate the direct radiative effect of the dust aerosol and the DRFEdust derived from the numerical model more directly.

scholarly journals Direct radiative effects of dust aerosols emitted from the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian summer monsoon – a regional climate model simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 13731-13745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Zaitao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. While dust aerosols emitted from major Asian sources such as Taklimakan and Gobi deserts have been shown to have strong effect on Asian monsoon and climate, the role of dust emitted from Tibetan Plateau (TP) itself, where aerosols can directly interact with the TP heat pump because of their physical proximity both in location and elevation, has not been examined. This study uses the dust-coupled RegCM4.1 regional climate model (RCM) to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of dust aerosols originating within the TP and their radiative effects on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during both heavy and light dust years. Two 20-year simulations with and without the dust emission from TP showed that direct radiative cooling in the mid-troposphere induced by the TP locally produced dust aerosols resulted in an overall anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the low troposphere centered over the TP region. The northeasterly anomaly in the EASM region reduces its strength considerably. The simulations found a significant negative correlation between the TP column dust load produced by local emissions and the corresponding anomaly in the EASM index (r = −0.46). The locally generated TP dust can cause surface cooling far downstream in Bohai Gulf and the China–North Korea border area through stationary Rossby wave propagation. Although dust from within TP (mainly Qaidam Basin) is a relatively small portion of total Asian aerosols, its impacts on Asian monsoon and climate seems disproportionately large, likely owning to its higher elevation within TP itself.

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