scholarly journals A newly identified calculation discrepancy of the Sunset semi-continuous carbon analyzer

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1969-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Zheng ◽  
Y. Cheng ◽  
K. B. He ◽  
F. K. Duan ◽  
Y. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Baseline Correction ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Carbon Load

Abstract. The Sunset semi-continuous carbon analyzer (SCCA) is an instrument widely used for carbonaceous aerosol measurement. Despite previous validation work, in this study we identified a new type of SCCA calculation discrepancy caused by the default multipoint baseline correction method. When exceeding a certain threshold carbon load, multipoint correction could cause significant total carbon (TC) underestimation. This calculation discrepancy was characterized for both sucrose and ambient samples, with two protocols based on IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments) (i.e., IMPshort and IMPlong) and one NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)-like protocol (rtNIOSH). For ambient samples, the IMPshort, IMPlong and rtNIOSH protocol underestimated 22, 36 and 12% of TC, respectively, with the corresponding threshold being ~ 0, 20 and 25 μgC. For sucrose, however, such discrepancy was observed only with the IMPshort protocol, indicating the need of more refractory SCCA calibration substance. Although the calculation discrepancy could be largely reduced by the single-point baseline correction method, the instrumental blanks of single-point method were higher. The correction method proposed was to use multipoint-corrected data when below the determined threshold, and use single-point results when beyond that threshold. The effectiveness of this correction method was supported by correlation with optical data.

scholarly journals A newly identified calculation discrepancy of the Sunset semi-continuous carbon analyzer

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zheng ◽  
Y. Cheng ◽  
K. He ◽  
F. Duan ◽  
Y. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Baseline Correction ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Carbon Load

Abstract. Sunset Semi-Continuous Carbon Analyzer (SCCA) is an instrument widely used for carbonaceous aerosol measurement. Despite previous validation work, here we identified a new type of SCCA calculation discrepancy caused by the default multi-point baseline correction method. When exceeding a certain threshold carbon load, multi-point correction could cause significant Total Carbon (TC) underestimation. This calculation discrepancy was characterized for both sucrose and ambient samples with three temperature protocols. For ambient samples, 22%, 36% and 12% TC was underestimated by the three protocols, respectively, with corresponding threshold being ~0, 20 and 25 μg C. For sucrose, however, such discrepancy was observed with only one of these protocols, indicating the need of more refractory SCCA calibration substance. The discrepancy was less significant for the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)-like protocol compared with the other two protocols based on IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments). Although the calculation discrepancy could be largely reduced by the single-point baseline correction method, the instrumental blanks of single-point method were higher. Proposed correction method was to use multi-point corrected data when below the determined threshold, while use single-point results when beyond that threshold. The effectiveness of this correction method was supported by correlation with optical data.

scholarly journals The influence of temperature calibration on the OC–EC results from a dual-optics thermal carbon analyzer

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2829-2838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pavlovic ◽  
J. S. Kinsey ◽  
M. D. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Temperature Calibration ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Split Point

Abstract. Thermal–optical analysis (TOA) is a widely used technique that fractionates carbonaceous aerosol particles into organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), or carbonate. Thermal sub-fractions of evolved OC and EC are also used for source identification and apportionment; thus, oven temperature accuracy during TOA analysis is essential. Evidence now indicates that the "actual" sample (filter) temperature and the temperature measured by the built-in oven thermocouple (or set-point temperature) can differ by as much as 50 °C. This difference can affect the OC–EC split point selection and consequently the OC and EC fraction and sub-fraction concentrations being reported, depending on the sample composition and in-use TOA method and instrument. The present study systematically investigates the influence of an oven temperature calibration procedure for TOA. A dual-optical carbon analyzer that simultaneously measures transmission and reflectance (TOT and TOR) is used, functioning under the conditions of both the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Method 5040 (NIOSH) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) protocols. The application of the oven calibration procedure to our dual-optics instrument significantly changed NIOSH 5040 carbon fractions (OC and EC) and the IMPROVE OC fraction. In addition, the well-known OC–EC split difference between NIOSH and IMPROVE methods is even further perturbed following the instrument calibration. Further study is needed to determine if the widespread application of this oven temperature calibration procedure will indeed improve accuracy and our ability to compare among carbonaceous aerosol studies that use TOA.

Occupational Safety And Health Among Immigrant, Latino/a Dairy Workers In Colorado

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Menger ◽  
Florencia Pezzutti ◽  
Andrew Ogle ◽  
Flor Amaya ◽  
John Rosecrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Dairy Workers

APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH TRANS METRO ON BUS DRIVERS PEKANBARU CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Makomulamin Amin ◽  
Dwi Musliha Putri
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety And Health

Pada tahun 2013 terdapat 2 kasus kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan 1 korban meninggal dunia. Begitu juga pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 1 kasus kecelakaan juga mengakibatkan 1 korban meninggal dunia dan beberapa kasus kecelakaan lain yang terjadi. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa masih tingginya tingkat kecelakaan yang diakibatkan oleh Bus Trans Metro Kota Pekanbaru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pengemudi Bus Trans Metro Kota Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah Populasi yang diteliti sebanyak 100 yang terdiri dari seluruh pengemudi Bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru dengan jumlah sampel 80 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah dengan cara acak sederhana. Hasil uji bivariate menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan pvalue= 0,001, pengalaman kerja pvalue= 0,001, kondisi kesehatan pvalue= 0,688, stress kerja pvalue= 0,834, dan SOP pvalue= 0,002. Dari hasil uji bivariate dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pelatihan , pengalaman kerja dan SOP dengan penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada pengemudi bus Trans Metro Kota Pekanbaru. Diharapkan kepada Dinas Perhubungan Kominfo Kota Pekanbaru, lebih meningkatkan kualitas kerja pengemudi dengan cara memberikan bekal pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam usaha pencegahan kecelakaan secara berjenjang dan berkesinambungan sesuai tugas dan tanggung jawabnya masing-masing.

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