scholarly journals Isotopically enriched ammonium shows high nitrogen transformation in the pile top zone of dairy manure compost

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1341-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Maeda ◽  
Sakae Toyoda ◽  
Midori Yano ◽  
Shohei Hattori ◽  
Makoto Fukasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of NH4+ in dairy manure compost piles with and without bulking agent (10 % w∕w) were compared to understand the effects of the use of bulking agent on nitrogen conversion during manure composting. The δ15N–NH4+ values in each of three pile zones (top, side and core) were also compared. At the end of the process, piles with bulking agent showed significantly higher δ15N values (17.7 ± 1.3 ‰) than piles without bulking agent (11.8 ± 0.9 ‰), reflecting the significantly higher nitrogen conversion and NH3 loss in the former. The samples from the top zone, especially in the piles with bulking agent, showed very high NH4+ concentrations with significantly high 15N (δ15N: 12.7–29.8 ‰) values, indicating that extremely high nitrogen conversion, nitrification–denitrification activity of the microbes and NH3 volatilization occurred in this zone.

scholarly journals Isotopically enriched ammonium shows high nitrogen turnover in the pile top zone of dairy manure compost

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 7577-7598
Author(s):  
K. Maeda ◽  
S. Toyoda ◽  
M. Yano ◽  
S. Hattori ◽  
M. Fukasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N2o Emission ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion ◽  
Very High

Abstract. δ15N-NH4+ of dairy manure compost piles with and without bulking agent (10% w / w) were compared to understand the significant mitigation of N2O emission by the use of bulking agent. δ15N-NH4+ of each locations of the pile (top, side and core) were also compared. Piles with bulking agent showed significantly higher δ15N values (17.7 ± 1.3‰) than that of the piles without bulking agent (11.8 ± 0.9‰) at the end of the process, reflecting significant higher nitrogen conversion and NH3 loss occurred in the pile with bulking agent. The pile top samples, especially in the piles with bulking agent, showed very high NH4+ concentrations with significant high 15N (δ15N: 12.7–29.8‰) values, indicating extremely high nitrogen conversion, nitrification-denitrification activity of the microbes and NH3 volatilization occurred in this zone.

Dairy Manure Compost Improves Soil and Increases Tall Wheatgrass Yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twain J. Butler ◽  
James P. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass

Drinking water treatment residue structures nitrogen-cycling microbiomes with consequences for high nitrogen conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 128840
Author(s):  
Changhui Wang ◽  
Linqi Tian ◽  
Zhanling Wang ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Zaisheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion

Differential Survival of Generic E. coli and Listeria spp. in Northeastern U.S. Soils Amended with Dairy Manure Compost, Poultry Litter Compost, and Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Fate in Raw Edible Radish Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Limoges ◽  
Deborah A. Neher ◽  
Thomas R. Weicht ◽  
Patricia D. Millner ◽  
Manan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Heat Treated

Composted or heat-treated Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) can be added to soils to provide nutrients for fresh produce. These products lower the risk of pathogen contamination of fresh produce when compared with use of untreated BSAAO; however, meteorological conditions, geographic location, and soil properties can influence the presence of pathogenic bacteria, or their indicators (e.g., generic E. coli) and allow potential for produce contamination. Replicated field plots of loamy or sandy soils were tilled and amended with dairy manure compost (DMC), poultry litter compost (PLC), or no compost (NoC) over two different field seasons, and non-composted heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP) during the second field season. Plots were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of rifampicin-resistant E. coli (rE.coli) at levels of 8.7 log CFU/m2. Direct plating and most probable number (MPN) methods measured the persistence of rE.coli and Listeria spp. in plots through 104 days post-inoculation. Greater survival of rE. coli was observed in PLC plots in comparison to DMC plots and NoC plots during year 1 (P < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for year 2, where rE. coli survival was also greater in HTPP amended plots (P < 0.05). Survival of rE. coli was dependent on soil type, where water potential and temperature were significant covariables. Listeria spp. were found in NoC plots, but not in plots amended with HTPP, PLC or DMC. Radish data demonstrate that PLC treatment promoted the greatest level of rE.coli translocation when compared to DMC and NoC treatments (P  < 0.05). These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in other regions of the US and informs Northeast produce growers that composted and non-composted poultry-based BSAAO supports greater survival of rE. coli in field soils. This result has the potential to impact the food safety risk of edible produce grown in BSAAO amended soils as a result of pathogen contamination.

Integration of Cool-Season Annual Legumes and Dairy Manure Compost with Switchgrass

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1621-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randal Bow ◽  
James P. Muir ◽  
David C. Weindorf ◽  
Randy E. Rosiere ◽  
Twain J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Annual Legumes

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on irrigated cotton at the Kimberley Research Station, north-western Australia

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Lint Percentage ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
North Western ◽  
Very High

Three experiments were carried out at Kimberley Research Station, W.A., between 1959 and 1963 to study the effects of rates and times of applying nitrogen fertilizer to irrigated cotton. Nitrogen applications increased yields in all three experiments but the magnitude of response varied. Response to nitrogen was greater after a short dry season fallow between crops than after a long fallow with accompanying soil nitrification. Very high nitrogen applications produced rank plant growth. The rank growth resulted in inefficient mechanical harvesting and the control of Prodenia litura was made difficult. Plant size was reduced by splitting the nitrogen application but yield was not reduced. Nitrogen applications had no effect on quality but reduced lint percentage slightly.

Insight to key diazotrophic community during composting of dairy manure with biochar and its role in nitrogen transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Wu ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Liting Deng ◽  
Qingxin Meng ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Diazotrophic Community

scholarly journals INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

1916 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Cooke ◽  
F. H. Rodenbaugh ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Fatal Intoxication ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Content ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Severe Intoxication ◽  
Very High

Intestinal obstruction, as a rule, is associated with an increasing amount of non-coagulable nitrogen in the blood. With acute intoxication the rise in non-coagulable nitrogen may be rapid and reach as high as three or even ten times normal. With more chronic intoxication there may be little or no rise in the blood non-coagulable nitrogen. Closed intestinal loops show exactly the same picture, and, when combined with obstruction, may give very high nitrogen readings. Acute proteose intoxication due to injection of a pure proteose will show a prompt rise in blood non-coagulable nitrogen, even an increase of 100 per cent within 3 or 4 hours. These intoxications also show a high blood content of creatinine and urea. The residual or undetermined nitrogen may be very high. A human case of intestinal obstruction with autopsy presents blood findings exactly similar to those observed in many animal experiments. Clinically the non-coagulable nitrogen of the blood may give information of value in intestinal obstruction. A high reading means a grave intoxication, but a low reading may be observed in some fatal cases and gives no assurance that a fatal intoxication may not supervene. The kidneys in practically all these experiments are normal in all respects. It is possible that protein or tissue destruction rather than impaired eliminative function is responsible for the rise in non-coagulable nitrogen of the blood in these acute intoxications. Transfusions of dextrose solutions often benefit intestinal obstruction, and may depress the level of the non-coagulable nitrogen in the blood. Some cases show no change in non-coagulable nitrogen following transfusions and diuresis, and, as a rule, such cases present the most severe intoxication.

Persistence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soil and on Leaf Lettuce and Parsley Grown in Fields Treated with Contaminated Manure Composts or Irrigation Water

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHBUB ISLAM ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
SHARAD C. PHATAK ◽  
PATRICIA MILLNER ◽  
XIUPING JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Contaminated Irrigation Water

Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with lettuce and other leaf crops have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Contaminated manure and polluted irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogen in many outbreaks. In this study, the occurrence and persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil fertilized with contaminated poultry or bovine manure composts or treated with contaminated irrigation water and on lettuce and parsley grown on these soils under natural environmental conditions was determined. Twenty-five plots, each 1.8 by 4.6 m, were used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but treated with contaminated water) and five replication plots for each treatment. Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of E. coli O157:H7. Pathogen concentrations were 107 CFU/g of compost and 105 CFU/ml of water. Contaminated compost was applied to soil in the field as a strip at 4.5 metric tons per hectare on the day before lettuce and parsley seedlings were transplanted in late October 2002. Contaminated irrigation water was applied only once on the plants as a treatment in five plots for each crop at the rate of 2 liters per plot 3 weeks after the seedlings were transplanted. E. coli O157:H7 persisted for 154 to 217 days in soils amended with contaminated composts and was detected on lettuce and parsley for up to 77 and 177 days, respectively, after seedlings were planted. Very little difference was observed in E. coli O157:H7 persistence based on compost type alone. E. coli O157:H7 persisted longer (by >60 days) in soil covered with parsley plants than in soil from lettuce plots, which were bare after lettuce was harvested. In all cases, E. coli O157:H7 in soil, regardless of source or crop type, persisted for >5 months after application of contaminated compost or irrigation water.

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