scholarly journals Soil total phosphorus and nitrogen explain vegetation community composition in a northern forest ecosystem near a phosphate massif

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535-1556
Author(s):  
Laura Matkala ◽  
Maija Salemaa ◽  
Jaana Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Vegetation Community ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Humus Layer

Abstract. The relationship of the community composition of forest vegetation and soil nutrients were studied near the Sokli phosphate ore deposit in northern Finland. Simultaneously, the effects of the dominant species and the age of trees, rock parent material and soil layer on these nutrients were examined. For this purpose, 16 study plots were established at different distances from the phosphate ore along four transects. Phosphate mining may take place in Sokli in the future, and the vegetation surveys and soil sampling conducted at the plots can be used as a baseline status for following the possible changes that the mining may cause in the surrounding ecosystem. The total phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil humus layer were positively related with species number and abundance of the understorey vegetation, and the correlation was slightly higher with P than N. This is interesting, as N usually has the most important growth-limiting role in boreal ecosystems. The spatial variation in the content of soil elements was high both between and within plots, emphasizing the heterogeneity of the soil. Dominant tree species and the soil layer were the most important environmental variables affecting soil nutrient content. High contents of P in the humus layer (maximum 2.60 g kg−1) were measured from the birch-dominated plots. As the P contents of birch leaves and leaf litter were also rather high (2.58 and 1.28 g kg−1, respectively), this may imply that the leaf litter of birch forms an important source of P for the soil. The possible mining effects, together with climate change, can have an influence on the release of nutrients to plants, which may lead to alterations in the vegetation community composition in the study region.

scholarly journals Vegetation fires in temperate upland heaths: environmental impacts, recovery, and management implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ashleigh R Harper
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetation Community

The impacts of wildfires are diverse and highly variable dependent on location, habitat type, site conditions and fire severity. Wildfire impact research is however, limited across large areas of the UK presenting an issue for the creation of effective site-specific management planning in a number of areas and habitat types. To address this issue in the Brecon Beacons National Park (south Wales), research was conducted assessing post-fire: i) vegetation community composition; ii) soil physical and chemical properties; iii) ash chemical composition and toxicity. The primary conclusions from this research suggests vegetation community composition and soil physicochemical properties are able to recover relatively rapidly to long unburnt conditions (>11-years and >3-years, respectively) following wildfire events in dry heaths with shallow organic soils. The fast rates of post-fire vegetation recovery across the assessed sites are likely due to the species-poor, dwarf-shrub dominated, pre-fire conditions reducing the time required for the vegetation community to return to this low species diversity. Soil physicochemical properties showed limited impact from the fires, likely due to the high moisture retention of the surface organic soil layer having resulted in limited soil heating and depth penetration. Wider environmental concerns are raised by the ash composition, which showed remarkably high concentrations of potentially toxic substances such as, metallic elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), compared to ash from other environments and vegetation types. These conclusions pose important questions about the future of temperate heaths, the priorities of future upland management and highlight numerous areas for further research.

Temporal patterns in the macrobenthic communities of the Hawkesbury estuary, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
AR Jones
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Temporal patterns in number of species, number of individual animals and community composition of the soft-sediment zoobenthos of the Hawkesbury estuary are described and related to physicochemical factors. Replicate grabs were taken at 3-month intervals over 3 years (1977-1979) from sites located in three zones: the lower, middle and upper reaches. The number of species and number of individuals showed significant seasonal and annual differences in all zones. However, the pattern of these differences varied among sites and seasonal differences were not repeatable over years. Similarly, differences in community composition as revealed by classification were not seasonal. In the middle and lower reaches, these differences were apparently caused by the over- riding influence of non-seasonal climatic events, i.e. a major flood in 1978 and a drought throughout 1979. In the first two sampling following the flood, sample values for the numbers of both species and individuals were usually lowest and community composition was distinct from pre-flood and drought times. During the drought, the number of species was usually high and community composition relatively distinct. Whereas the number of species and community composition groupings were both significantly related to river discharge, the number of individuals was significantly correlated with temperature. All community variables were sometimes significantly related to salinity. The identity of numerically dominant species, as determined by Fager rankings, varied among times in both the lower and middle reaches. However, the polychaete Nephtys australiensis and the bivalve mollusc Notospisula trigonella were highest ranked overall in both zones. Community patterns in the low-salinity upper reaches differed from those further downstream by showing little change in numbers of species and community composition following the flood. Only the number of species was significantly correlated with any of the measured physicochemical variables, this being partly due to an influx of species during the drought. Furthermore, the upstream community was always dominated by the polychaete Ceratonereis limnetica and was thus the only community that could be characterised by a single species.

Effect of Artificial Grassland Establishing on the Vegetation Restoration in the Degraded Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3474-3478
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Annual Grasses

Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.

scholarly journals Capões como Ilhas para Artrópodes no Pantanal

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Plastic Bags

A configuração do habitat é um dos fatores que pode influenciar a distribuição dos organismos. O pantanal por apresentar mosaico natural de formações se enquadra para testar tais afirmações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a distância e o tamanho de capões afetam a composição da comunidade de artrópodes testando a hipótese de que quanto maior e mais próximo o capão da mata ciliar, maior sua diversidade. Foram amostradas seis parcelas de 30 cm² em nove capões onde a serrapilheira e o solo foram coletados, acondicionados em sacos plásticos e posteriormente triados. Houve relação entre a composição da comunidade de artrópodes em relação à distância e o tamanho indicando que o pulso de inundação do último ano afetou de forma significativa a comunidade de artrópodes de solo em capões. O acompanhamento dos processos de recolonização dos capões é sugerido. Capons as Island for Arthropods in Pantanal Abstract. The configuration of habitat is one of the factors that influence the distribution of organisms. The Pantanal by presenting mosaic natural formations fit to test such claims. The present study aimed to evaluate the distance and size of riparian capons affect the community composition of arthropods tested the hypothesis that the higher and closer to the capon of riparian vegetation, the greater its diversity. We sampled six plots of 30 cm² in nine capons where the leaf-litter and soil were collected, placed in plastic bags and later sorted. There was a relationship between the composition of arthropod community in relation to distance and size indicating that the flood pulse of the last year significantly affected the community of soil arthropods in geldings. The monitoring of the processes of recolonization of the capons is suggested.

Seasonal distribution of abundance, biomass and secondary production of free-living nematodes and their community composition in different stream micro-habitats

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Brüchner-Hüttemann ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Nematode Abundance

Summary The nematode communities of four different micro-habitats in an unpolluted first-order stream were investigated over a 13-month period in a study of the sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. Nematode abundances, biomass and secondary production were analysed, together with the species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity of the nematode communities of the micro-habitats. Differences between the investigated micro-habitats in terms of seasonal variations, species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity were expected. The annual mean values of nematode abundance, biomass and secondary production differed significantly between the micro-habitats. Abundances were highest on dead wood, whereas biomass and secondary production were highest in sediment. In the sediment and on leaf litter, nematode abundance and biomass showed pronounced seasonal patterns. The largest contribution to the total secondary production of the stream was from sediment nematodes. In total, 108 nematode species were detected in the micro-habitats during the 13-month study. Comparisons between them revealed differences in nematode species composition. The annual mean species number was significantly higher in sediment and on leaf litter than on dead wood and macrophytes, whereas the annual mean Shannon-Wiener index was significantly higher in sediment than at all other micro-habitats. All micro-habitats in the studied stream, as well as the stream as a whole, were dominated by nematode species belonging to the deposit feeders. Our study clearly showed that the composition of nematode communities from different micro-habitats within a single stream reach can differ markedly.

scholarly journals Dominant Tree Species and Soil Type Affect the Fungal Community Structure in a Boreal Peatland Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Eeva Terhonen ◽  
Andriy Kovalchuk ◽  
Hanna Tuovila ◽  
Hongxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Boreal Peatlands

ABSTRACTBoreal peatlands play a crucial role in global carbon cycling, acting as an important carbon reservoir. However, little information is available on how peatland microbial communities are influenced by natural variability or human-induced disturbances. In this study, we have investigated the fungal diversity and community structure of both the organic soil layer and buried wood in boreal forest soils using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. We have also compared the fungal communities during the primary colonization of wood with those of the surrounding soils. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that the community composition significantly differed between soil types (P< 0.001) and tree species (P< 0.001). The distance-based linear models analysis showed that environmental variables were significantly correlated with community structure (P< 0.04). The availability of soil nutrients (Ca [P= 0.002], Fe [P= 0.003], and P [P= 0.003]) within the site was an important factor in the fungal community composition. The species richness in wood was significantly lower than in the corresponding soil (P< 0.004). The results of the molecular identification were supplemented by fruiting body surveys. Seven of the genera ofAgaricomycotinaidentified in our surveys were among the top 20 genera observed in pyrosequencing data. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, fungal high-throughput next-generation sequencing study performed on peatlands; it further provides a baseline for the investigation of the dynamics of the fungal community in the boreal peatlands.

scholarly journals Relationships between fungal community composition in decomposing leaf litter and home‐field advantage effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1524-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. (Ciska) Veen ◽  
Basten L. Snoek ◽  
Tanja Bakx‐Schotman ◽  
David A. Wardle ◽  
Wim H. Putten
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Home Field Advantage

scholarly journals Distribution of the stable isotopes (δ18O, δD и δ13C) in natural waters of the Baydar valley (Crimean Peninsula)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Novikov ◽  
Larisa A. Nichkova ◽  
Anatoliy V. Chernykh ◽  
Fedor F. Dultsev ◽  
Alexander N. Pyryaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Results of the study of the stable isotopes (δ18O, δD and δ13C) distribution in natural waters of the Baydar valley (southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula) are presented. The study region holds fresh and ultra-fresh waters of predominantly bicarbonate calcium composition with TDS varying from 194 to 1137 mg/dm3. The research results revealed that all of the studied waters are of atmospheric origin that lie either along the global (GMWL) or local (LMWL) meteoric water lines. The established variations are: from -9.5 to -5.6‰ for δ18O values in waters with δD values varying from -64.0 to -40.0‰. The source for bicarbonate ion enriched in δ13C in natural waters of the Bauydar valley are carbonate sedimentary rocks, atmospheric carbon dioxide and organic compounds. Surface waters have heavier isotopic composition δ13C (-9.2 – -7.0‰) because of the atmospheric CO2. Artesian waters are differentiated by lighter δ13C (-12.8 – -10.7‰) due to the interactions between carbonate rocks and the dispersed organic matter. Water sources (springs, wells) are characterized by the widest variations of δ13C (-6.9 – -15.5‰) due to the presence of the atmospheric CO2 and intense processes of biochemical decomposition of organic compounds in the soil layer.

Adamystis thailandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Adamystidae), a new species of soil mites from Thailand with a key to world species of Adamystidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2649 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
MARUT FUANGARWORN ◽  
CHARIYA LEKPRAYOON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
World Species ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

A new species of soil prostigmatic mites, Adamystis thailandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Adamystidae) is described based on adult and immature specimens collected from leaf litter and upper soil layer in a coastal forest in southern Thailand. It differs from its congeners by the presence of a densely striated idiosomal shield and the presence of lens-like structures on the lateral, posterior dorsomedial, and ventral sides of the idiosoma. A diagnostic key to the known species of Adamystidae is presented.

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