scholarly journals Vegetation fires in temperate upland heaths: environmental impacts, recovery, and management implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ashleigh R Harper
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetation Community

The impacts of wildfires are diverse and highly variable dependent on location, habitat type, site conditions and fire severity. Wildfire impact research is however, limited across large areas of the UK presenting an issue for the creation of effective site-specific management planning in a number of areas and habitat types. To address this issue in the Brecon Beacons National Park (south Wales), research was conducted assessing post-fire: i) vegetation community composition; ii) soil physical and chemical properties; iii) ash chemical composition and toxicity. The primary conclusions from this research suggests vegetation community composition and soil physicochemical properties are able to recover relatively rapidly to long unburnt conditions (>11-years and >3-years, respectively) following wildfire events in dry heaths with shallow organic soils. The fast rates of post-fire vegetation recovery across the assessed sites are likely due to the species-poor, dwarf-shrub dominated, pre-fire conditions reducing the time required for the vegetation community to return to this low species diversity. Soil physicochemical properties showed limited impact from the fires, likely due to the high moisture retention of the surface organic soil layer having resulted in limited soil heating and depth penetration. Wider environmental concerns are raised by the ash composition, which showed remarkably high concentrations of potentially toxic substances such as, metallic elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), compared to ash from other environments and vegetation types. These conclusions pose important questions about the future of temperate heaths, the priorities of future upland management and highlight numerous areas for further research.

Soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition jointly affect crop yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 4358-4372
Author(s):  
Meiqi Chen ◽  
Jisheng Xu ◽  
Zengqiang Li ◽  
Bingzi Zhao ◽  
Jiabao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties

scholarly journals The Missing Metric: An Evaluation of Fungal Importance in Wetland Assessments

Wetlands ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-838
Author(s):  
Aaron Onufrak ◽  
Megan A. Rúa ◽  
Katie Hossler
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Rapid Assessment Method ◽  
Wetland Quality

AbstractTo preserve wetland ecosystem function, federal and state agencies have developed assessment procedures to better manage remaining wetland areas. Currently, wetland assessments do not consider microorganisms when determining wetland quality. This is notable, because fungi are often the primary decomposers of organic material and thus important players in nutrient cycling. The objective of this study is to quantify how wetland quality, as measured using the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM), relates to fungal community composition. We sampled soils from six depressional emergent marshes in Ohio belonging to each of the three ORAM quality categories, assessed soil physicochemical properties, and recovered fungal DNA. We then determined if wetland quality as expressed by the ORAM reflects soil health. Our results indicate that ORAM scoring methodology significantly explains differences in fungal community composition between wetlands. We also found that soil physicochemical properties not currently included in the ORAM are strong drivers of fungal community composition, particularly bulk density, pH, soil organic matter, and soil moisture. Overall, our results suggest fungal community composition reflects wetland quality as assessed by the ORAM, and that the ORAM and potentially other wetland assessments could better capture the soil environment by including easily measured soil physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Amendment Combined with Green Manuring to a Coastal Mudflat Salt-Soil in Eastern China: Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchao Bai ◽  
Wengang Zuo ◽  
Yiyun Yan ◽  
Chuanhui Gu ◽  
Yongxiang Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Salt Soil

Sewage sludge and green manure have become widely used organic amendments to croplands in many regions of the world. However, the amending effect of the combination of sewage sludge with green manuring in reclaimed coastal mudflat salt-soil has been unclear yet. This paper was one of earlier studies to investigate and evaluate the effects of sewage sludge amendment combined with green manuring on selected soil physicochemical properties of the mudflat soil in a rain-fed agroecosystem. The mudflat salt-soil was amended by one-time input of sewage sludge at the rates of 0, 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha−1. After green manuring for three consecutive seasons, maize (Zea maysL.) was planted in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that SSA combined with green manuring decreased bulk density, pH, salinity, and exchangeable sodium percentage of the topsoil (0–20 cm soil layer) and increased aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity, and N and P concentration of the topsoil. As a result, the maize yield increased with the increase of SSA rates. Sewage sludge combined with green manuring can be applied in coastal mudflat salt-soil amendment, which provides an innovative way to create arable land resources and safe disposal of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Minarsih ◽  
Eko - Hanudin ◽  
Makruf Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract. Minarsih S, Hanudin E, Nurudin M. 2021. The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3237-3244. The study was to propose earthworm as bioindicator and its correlation to the soil physicochemical properties underneath some perennial plants. Soil samples and earthworm observation was taken out at a depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm under the stands of Acacia decurrens, coffee, Albizia chinensis, bamboo, snake fruit, and Acacia mangium. Soil moisture, temperature and Physico-chemical properties were measured, such as texture, pH, organic C, mineralized C, total N, mineralized N, available P, and base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). The results revealed that the earthworms density underneath of the stands of coffee was 105.4 ind.m-2 > snake fruit 92.6 ind.m-2 > Albizia chinensis  66.7 ind.m-2 > A. decurrens ? bamboo 40.7 ind.m-2 > A. mangium 37.0 ind.m-2. The dominant species of the earthworms found at a depth of 0-10 cm consisted of four species, namely: Pheretima hamayana, Pheretima californica, Eudrillus eugeniae, and Eiseniella tetraeda. Meanwhile, the earthworms diversity underneath the stands of coffee was H’=1.26 > A. mangium H’=1.03 > Albizia chinensis  H'=0.69 > ?H'=0.69 > bamboo H'=0.59. The soil physicochemical properties was positively correlated to the earthworms density was C-mineralized (r = 0.823) ? soil moisture (r = 0.585) ? available K (r = 0.529) ? available Ca (r = 0.505) ? available Mg (0.494). The results could be concluded that labile organic carbon, water, and alkaline cations were the important factors in improving soil biological fertility in the active volcano area.

scholarly journals Effect of tree canopy on species composition, diversity and biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics in semi-arid forests of the Aravalli hills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Garg ◽  
Rajendra Kr. Joshi ◽  
Satish Chandra Garkoti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Background: Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. Present study was aimed to understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physicochemical properties in canopy gaps and under the canopy of semi-arid forests in the Aravalli hills. Methods: Four permanent plots consisting of canopy gaps and under canopy were established. To study herbs phytosociological attributes and biomass, 10 quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m size were laid in each plot. For soil physico-chemical properties, 5 soil samples were collected randomly at 0-10 cm depth from each plot. Relationship between biodiversity indices, herbs biomass and soil physicochemical properties was determined using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses. Results: The sites differed in terms of herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties. Canopy gaps were dominated by grasses while forbs were higher under the canopy. Across the sites, poaceae was the dominant family. All species showed contagious distribution pattern. Oplismenus burmannii reported highest IVI (138.0; 230.5) under the canopy while Achyranthes aspera (56.15) and Eragrostis ciliaris (53.1) had highest IVI in canopy gaps. Diversity indices were higher in canopy gaps. Herbaceous community biomass in canopy gaps ranged from 700-900 gm-2 while under the canopy it ranged from 30-70 gm-2. Cenchrus ciliaris (597.97 gm-2) and Chrysopogon sp. (391.2 gm-2) constituted major proportion of biomass in canopy gaps. The soil of under canopy regions had lower pH and bulk density, but higher soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), SOC stock and soil TN stock than the canopy gaps. Linear positive relationship between species diversity and biomass; negative relationship between soil chemical properties and herbaceous biomass was found in study area. Even though canopy had positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties, overall negative effect on herbaceous diversity and biomass was seen. Conclusions: Reduced light for photosynthesis and tree root competition for soil resources may be the major factors negatively affecting herbaceous diversity and biomass. Canopy had a significant impact and herbs species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties showed distinct differences in relation to it.

scholarly journals Effect of Changes in Land-Use Management Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Kabe Watershed, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212093958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikru Assefa ◽  
Eyasu Elias ◽  
Teshome Soromessa ◽  
Gebiaw T Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Upper Slope

Change in land-use management practices such as cultivation of steep slopes, overgrazing, and no or limited fallow periods, and slope position affects the quality of soils. As a result, assessing soil physicochemical properties and subsequent implications on soil fertility is essential for understanding the influence of agro-ecosystem revolution on agricultural soil quality and efficiency. In this research, we assessed the effect of land-use management practices on selected soil properties under varying terrain slopes and with and without soil conservation measures in a highly disturbed landscape in the northern part of Ethiopia in 2016. Based on the result, for all slope positions considered—namely, lower (1%-15%), middle (15%-30%), and upper (30%-45% and above)—with and without soil conservation, soil moisture content, porosity, silt, and clay proportions were lower in the cultivated land compared with grazing and forestland-use units. Conversely, soil bulk density and the sand fraction were higher in the cultivated land than grazing and forestland units, relatively. Observing changes in a terrain slope position, sand content of forest, grazing, and cultivated land units increased from lower to upper slope position whereas silt and clay fraction generally showed a decreasing trend from lower to an upper slope positions. In all slope positions with and without conservation practice, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ showed a significant increase from cultivated land to grazing and then forestland. The mean value of pH and electrical conductivity of cultivated lands with and without soil conservation were significantly low in all slope categories. Summarizing the analysis of variance for selected soil chemical properties with different slope positions, except available phosphorous, all chemical properties considered in this study are statistically significant ( P < .05). In summary, the result confirmed that soil properties were strongly influenced by terrain slope, land use, and changes in management practice. Consequently, to conserve soil resources, policymakers need to implement appropriate land conservation strategies based on land-use structure and slope variation.

scholarly journals High-throughput Sequencing Analysis of the Rhizosphere Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Community Composition Associated with Ferula Sinkiangensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Luo ◽  
Yaling He ◽  
Guifang Li ◽  
Xinhua Lv ◽  
Zhongke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ferula Sinkiangensis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Ferula sinkiangensis is an important and increasingly endangered medicinal plant. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are microbes that live in the soil and can enhance nutrient uptake, stress resistance, and pathogen defens in host plants. The composition of AMF communities associated with Ferula sinkiangensis and the relationship between these fungi and other pertinent abiotic factors, however, remains uncertain. Herein, we collected samples of rhizosphere and surrounding soil at a range of depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) and a range of slop positions (bottom, middle, top). These samples were then subjected to analyses of soil physicochemical properties and high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), enabling us to examine AMF community composition and diversity, as well as the relationship between these parameters and other abiotic factors. Results: Through this analysis, we determined that Glomus and Diversispora were enriched in all samples. AMF diversity and richness varied significantly as a function of slope position, with this variation primarily being tied to differences in Glomus and Diversispora abundance. In contrast, no significant relationship between soil depth and overall AMF composition was noted, although some AMF were found to be sensitive to depth. Many factors were found to significantly affect AMF community composition, including organic matter (OM), TN (total nitrogen), TK (total potassium), AN (ammonium nitrogen), NN (nitrate nitrogen), AK (available potassium), TDS (total soluble salt), pH, SM (soil water content), and AE (slope position). We further found that Shannon diversity index values in these communities were positively correlated with TP (total phosphorus), NN, and pH values (p<0.05), while TP, TDS, and pH were positively correlated with Chao1 values (p<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, these findings reveal that Glomus and Diversispora are key AMF genera found within the rhizosphere soil of Ferula sinkiangensis. These fungi are closely associated with specific environmental and soil physicochemical properties. And The physical and chemical properties of soil were significantly different (p<0.05) because of slope position. Together, our results provide a novel understanding of the relationship between AMF species and Ferula sinkiangensis, providing a theoretical basis for further studies of their development.

scholarly journals The Potential Corrosiveness of Soil Physico- Chemical Properties on Pipelines

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Eunice Asiboroko Odesiri-Eruteyan ◽  
Urhibo Voke Owarieta ◽  
Nnaji Praise Tochukwu ◽  
Efenudu Favour
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Sulphate Chloride ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Physico Chemical

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the potential corrosiveness of selected soil physicochemical properties on pipelines. Study Design: Soil samples were randomly collected around five pipeline locations with control from a farmland. Duration of Study: The study lasted for three months. Methodology: Standard methods were adopted in the collection of samples and the determination of the physicochemical properties of the samples. Results: Metallic pipelines undergo more regular corrosion because they are used in environments like soil where they are chemically unstable. Soil physicochemical properties such as soil moisture, texture, pH and temperature, sulphate, chloride, redox potential and resistivity were determined. The pH of the five soil samples was acidic (pH =4.0 – 6.5), The highest moisture content was 22.88% while the lowest was 9.84%. The soil samples the potential of being corrosive to the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes. Delta Steel Company (DSC) roundabout had the highest sulphate content of 724.13 mg/kg while the lowest was Oleh with 156.14 mg/kg. The highest percentage of Total Organic Carbon was 0.52% and the lowest was 0.40%. Conclusion: Besides pipeline vandalization, pipeline corrosion may likely be one of the major causes of oil spillage in localized underground pipelines within the region. There is, therefore, an urgent need for computerized sensors to assist in the monitoring of underground pipeline integrity in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics for the soil deposits within the municipal waste disposal areas by the environment study results

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Oleksandr M. Trofymchuk ◽  
Iryna V. Kuraeva ◽  
Oleksandr T. Azimov ◽  
Sergii P. Karmazinenko ◽  
Kateryna S. Zlobina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Deposits

As a result of the analytical research and result of the previous stages of study it was found the significant contamination of the soil layer by the heavy metals (HMs) within the Landfill area No 5 for the municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal and the surrounding areas. It was revealed also the negative its effect on the contents of these pollutants in the soil of adjacent buffer zone, which is under the influence of north-eastern, northern, and north-western parts of the Landfill. This is a result of 34 years of the operation of the MSW disposal facility, when there were operating troubles. That caused by the breach of operating procedures of the covering the garbage storages by the isolating layers of dirt, intermittent work of the leachate treatment system, capacity exceeded, etc. Therefore, the soils within the Landfill’s boundaries and also in the buffer its zone have been contaminated by the different toxic substances, in particular by the HMs. So, soil deposits of the Landfill have got the maximum exceed of background contents for cooper, lead, nickel, and tin by from several to ten times, at the same time, beyond its contour – by 2–3 times. The negative changes of physical-chemical properties of soils of the humus horizon is revealed by the comparison with the proper indications for the soil samples collected in the sites adjacent to the Landfill and directly on its territory. The buffer coefficient of soil of this horizon (Cb) is twice as lower for the technogenic polluted soils within the MSW disposal facility than for the background sites for their is equal to the value of Cb=55. The contents of mobile forms for the HMs in the soil formations of the Landfill No 5 in the comparison with the background values increase 2 times for cooper and zinc, as well 8 times for lead. It is the content of the mobile forms that affects the migration of the HMs in the trophic chain “soil – solution – biota”.

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