scholarly journals Persistent impacts of the 2018 drought on forest disturbance regimes in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 5223-5230
Author(s):  
Cornelius Senf ◽  
Rupert Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Forest Resilience ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Range Of Variation

Abstract. Europe was affected by an extreme drought in 2018, compounding with an extensive heat wave in the same and subsequent years. Here we provide a first assessment of the impacts this compounding event had on forest disturbance regimes in Europe. We find that the 2018 drought caused unprecedented levels of forest disturbance across large parts of Europe, persisting up to 2 years post-drought. The 2018 drought pushed forest disturbance regimes in Europe to the edge of their past range of variation, especially in central and eastern Europe. Increased levels of forest disturbance were associated with low soil water availability in 2018 and were further modulated by high vapor pressure deficit from 2018 to 2020. We also document the emergence of novel spatiotemporal disturbance patterns following the 2018 drought (i.e., more and larger disturbances, occurring with higher spatiotemporal autocorrelation) that will have long-lasting impacts on forest structure and raise concerns about a potential loss of forest resilience. We conclude that the 2018 drought had unprecedented impacts on forest disturbance regimes in Europe, highlighting the urgent need to adapt Europe's forests to a hotter and drier future with more disturbance.

scholarly journals Land–atmosphere feedbacks exacerbate concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (38) ◽  
pp. 18848-18853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Zhou ◽  
A. Park Williams ◽  
Alexis M. Berg ◽  
Benjamin I. Cook ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Global Land ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Mean Climate ◽  
Negative Coupling

Compound extremes such as cooccurring soil drought (low soil moisture) and atmospheric aridity (high vapor pressure deficit) can be disastrous for natural and societal systems. Soil drought and atmospheric aridity are 2 main physiological stressors driving widespread vegetation mortality and reduced terrestrial carbon uptake. Here, we empirically demonstrate that strong negative coupling between soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit occurs globally, indicating high probability of cooccurring soil drought and atmospheric aridity. Using the Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE)-CMIP5 experiment, we further show that concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity are greatly exacerbated by land–atmosphere feedbacks. The feedback of soil drought on the atmosphere is largely responsible for enabling atmospheric aridity extremes. In addition, the soil moisture–precipitation feedback acts to amplify precipitation and soil moisture deficits in most regions. CMIP5 models further show that the frequency of concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity enhanced by land–atmosphere feedbacks is projected to increase in the 21st century. Importantly, land–atmosphere feedbacks will greatly increase the intensity of both soil drought and atmospheric aridity beyond that expected from changes in mean climate alone.

scholarly journals Mucilage Polysaccharide Composition and Exudation in Maize From Contrasting Climatic Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Nazari ◽  
Sophie Riebeling ◽  
Callum C. Banfield ◽  
Asegidew Akale ◽  
Margherita Crosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Randomized Field Experiment ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition

Mucilage, a gelatinous substance comprising mostly polysaccharides, is exuded by maize nodal and underground root tips. Although mucilage provides several benefits for rhizosphere functions, studies on the variation in mucilage amounts and its polysaccharide composition between genotypes are still lacking. In this study, eight maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes from different globally distributed agroecological zones were grown under identical abiotic conditions in a randomized field experiment. Mucilage exudation amount, neutral sugars and uronic acids were quantified. Galactose (∼39–42%), fucose (∼22–30%), mannose (∼11–14%), and arabinose (∼8–11%) were the major neutral sugars in nodal root mucilage. Xylose (∼1–4%), and glucose (∼1–4%) occurred only in minor proportions. Glucuronic acid (∼3–5%) was the only uronic acid detected. The polysaccharide composition differed significantly between maize genotypes. Mucilage exudation was 135 and 125% higher in the Indian (900 M Gold) and Kenyan (DH 02) genotypes than in the central European genotypes, respectively. Mucilage exudation was positively associated with the vapor pressure deficit of the genotypes’ agroecological zone. The results indicate that selection for environments with high vapor pressure deficit may favor higher mucilage exudation, possibly because mucilage can delay the onset of hydraulic failure during periods of high vapor pressure deficit. Genotypes from semi-arid climates might offer sources of genetic material for beneficial mucilage traits.

High vapor pressure deficit drives salt-stress-induced rice yield losses in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1668-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Tack ◽  
Rakesh K. Singh ◽  
Lawton L. Nalley ◽  
Basavaraj C. Viraktamath ◽  
Saraswathipura L. Krishnamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vapor

Conflicting drivers of land carbon uptake variability reconciled by land-atmosphere coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Humphrey ◽  
Alexis Berg ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Christian Frankenberg ◽  
Pierre Gentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
The Impact

<p>Obtaining reliable estimates of the sensitivity of carbon fluxes to water availability, temperature and vapor pressure deficit is essential for constraining climate-carbon feedbacks in Earth system models. However, these variables often co-vary because of soil moisture – atmosphere feedbacks, especially in situations where they are most susceptible to strongly impact ecosystems (e.g. during droughts and heatwaves), leading to potentially conflicting results when sensitivities are assessed independently. In particular, there is conflicting evidence on the role of temperature versus water availability in explaining these variations at the global scale.</p><p>Here, we show that accounting for the effect of soil moisture – atmosphere coupling resolves much of this controversy. Using idealized climate model experiments, we find that variability in soil moisture accounts for 90% of the inter-annual variability in land carbon uptake, mainly through its impact on photosynthesis. Without SM variability, the inter-annual variability (IAV) of land carbon uptake is almost eliminated. We show that the effects of soil moisture can be decomposed into 1) a direct ecosystem response to soil water stress and 2) a dominant indirect response to extreme temperature and vapor pressure deficit triggered by land-atmosphere coupling and controlled by anomalous soil moisture conditions.  Importantly, these two mechanisms do not necessarily have the same spatial extent, and some regions can be more sensitive to indirect effects than to direct effects.</p><p>These two pathways explain why results from coupled climate models suggest a dominant role of soil moisture, while uncoupled simulations diagnose a strong temperature effect. These findings have strong implications for offline model sensitivity analyses as well as field scale manipulation experiments (i.e. rainfall exclusion studies) where the impact of drought on carbon exchange and vegetation activity is often studied by intervening solely on soil moisture content with little consideration of the physical feedbacks on temperature and air humidity occurring in natural conditions.</p>

Limited-transpiration response to high vapor pressure deficit in crop species

Plant Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Jyostna Devi ◽  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
Sunita Choudhary ◽  
Walid Sadok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vapor

scholarly journals Measurement of transpiration restriction under high vapor pressure deficit for sorghum mapping population parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran Karthika ◽  
Jana Kholova ◽  
Seeyedmajid Alimagham ◽  
Meenakshi Ganesan ◽  
Keerthi Chadalavada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vapor

High vapor pressure deficit constrains GPP and the light response of NEE at a Southern Hemisphere bog

2015 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Goodrich ◽  
D.I. Campbell ◽  
M.J. Clearwater ◽  
S. Rutledge ◽  
L.A. Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Light Response ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vapor

Variation Among Maize Hybrids in Response to High Vapor Pressure Deficit at High Temperatures

Crop Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Carlos D. Messina ◽  
Mark Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
High Vapor Pressure ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
High Vapor
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