scholarly journals Optimizing sample pretreatment for compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-623
Author(s):  
R. Zhu ◽  
Y.-S. Lin ◽  
J. S. Lipp ◽  
T. B. Meador ◽  
K.-U. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. Amino sugars are quantitatively significant constituents of soil and marine sediment, but their sources and turnover in environmental samples remain poorly understood. The stable carbon isotopic composition of amino sugars can provide information on the lifestyles of their source organisms and can be monitored during incubations with labeled substrates to estimate the turnover rates of microbial populations. However, until now, such investigation has been carried out only with soil samples, partly because of the much lower abundance of amino sugars in marine environments. We therefore optimized a procedure for compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment employing gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The whole procedure consisted of hydrolysis, neutralization, enrichment, and derivatization of amino sugars. Except for the derivatization step, the protocol introduced negligible isotopic fractionation, and the minimum requirement of amino sugar for isotopic analysis was 20 ng, i.e. equivalent to ~ 8 ng of amino sugar carbon. Our results obtained from δ13C analysis of amino sugars in selected marine sediment samples showed that muramic acid had isotopic imprints from indigenous bacterial activities, whereas glucosamine and galactosamine were mainly derived from organic detritus. The analysis of stable carbon isotopic compositions of amino sugars opens a promising window for the investigation of microbial metabolisms in marine sediments and the deep marine biosphere.

scholarly journals Optimizing sample pretreatment for compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4869-4880 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zhu ◽  
Y.-S. Lin ◽  
J. S. Lipp ◽  
T. B. Meador ◽  
K.-U. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. Amino sugars are quantitatively significant constituents of soil and marine sediment, but their sources and turnover in environmental samples remain poorly understood. The stable carbon isotopic composition of amino sugars can provide information on the lifestyles of their source organisms and can be monitored during incubations with labeled substrates to estimate the turnover rates of microbial populations. However, until now, such investigation has been carried out only with soil samples, partly because of the much lower abundance of amino sugars in marine environments. We therefore optimized a procedure for compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino sugars in marine sediment, employing gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The whole procedure consisted of hydrolysis, neutralization, enrichment, and derivatization of amino sugars. Except for the derivatization step, the protocol introduced negligible isotopic fractionation, and the minimum requirement of amino sugar for isotopic analysis was 20 ng, i.e., equivalent to ~8 ng of amino sugar carbon. Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino sugars obtained from marine sediment extracts indicated that glucosamine and galactosamine were mainly derived from organic detritus, whereas muramic acid showed isotopic imprints from indigenous bacterial activities. The δ13C analysis of amino sugars provides a valuable addition to the biomarker-based characterization of microbial metabolism in the deep marine biosphere, which so far has been lipid oriented and biased towards the detection of archaeal signals.

scholarly journals Factors that control the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane produced in an anoxic marine sediment

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Alperin ◽  
N. E. Blair ◽  
D. B. Albert ◽  
T. M. Hoehler ◽  
C. S. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Anoxic Marine Sediment

scholarly journals Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition in Annual Rings of a Pine Tree (Pinus Densiflora) from Yeongwol, Korea: Possible Application to Climate Study

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Chi-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jang Hoon Lee ◽  
Jin Kang ◽  
Sujin Song ◽  
Myung-ho Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Paleoclimate Proxy

AbstractStable carbon isotope ratios were measured on the alpha-cellulose in tree rings of a pine tree (Pinus densiflora) from Yeongwol, Korea. We developed an annual-resolution δ13C series (1835–1905) by correcting the measured data for changes in δ13C of air to minimize non-climatic influences. To investigate the climatic signal in the δ13C series, we performed correlation analysis between δ13C and the Cheugugi climate data. The Cheugugi precipitation data were first recorded by King Sejong (1397–1450) of the Joseon Dynasty. However, the longest set of precipitation data available is the one collected in Seoul (1776–1907). Although many studies support the reliability of the Cheugugi data, no previous studies have investigated the potential of the δ13C signal in tree rings as paleoclimate proxy using the Cheugugi data. Recent precipitation trends in Yeongwol are quite similar to that of Seoul, and we found significant correlations between the Cheugugi data and the δ13C series. We suggest further studies to replicate these results and confirm whether comparing δ13C variations in tree rings and Cheugugi data is a useful method of investigating the potential of the δ13C signal as a paleoclimate proxy in or near the Korean peninsula.

scholarly journals Isotopic Evidence for Long-Distance Connections of the AD Thirteenth-Century Promontory Caves Occupants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jessica Z. Metcalfe ◽  
John W. Ives ◽  
Sabrina Shirazi ◽  
Kevin P. Gilmore ◽  
Jennifer Hallson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
C Value

The Promontory caves (Utah) and Franktown Cave (Colorado) contain high-fidelity records of short-term occupations by groups with material culture connections to the Subarctic/Northern Plains. This research uses Promontory and Franktown bison dung, hair, hide, and bone collagen to establish local baseline carbon isotopic variability and identify leather from a distant source. The ankle wrap of one Promontory Cave 1 moccasin had a δ13C value that indicates a substantial C4 component to the animal's diet, unlike the C3 diets inferred from 171 other Promontory and northern Utah bison samples. We draw on a unique combination of multitissue isotopic analysis, carbon isoscapes, ancient DNA (species and sex identification), tissue turnover rates, archaeological contexts, and bison ecology to show that the high δ13C value was not likely a result of local plant consumption, bison mobility, or trade. Instead, the bison hide was likely acquired via long-distance travel to/from an area of abundant C4 grasses far to the south or east. Expansive landscape knowledge gained through long-distance associations would have allowed Promontory caves inhabitants to make well-informed decisions about directions and routes of movement for a territorial shift, which seems to have occurred in the late thirteenth century.

scholarly journals Environmental influences on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Devonian and Early Carboniferous land plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 109100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhu Wan ◽  
Thomas J. Algeo ◽  
Patricia G. Gensel ◽  
Stephen E. Scheckler ◽  
William E. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

scholarly journals Radiocarbon in Porewater of Continental Shelf Sediments (Southeast Mediterranean)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Sivan ◽  
B Lazar ◽  
E Boaretto ◽  
Y Yechieli ◽  
B Herut
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Shelf Water ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
The Last Glacial

In this study, we aim to characterize the main processes controlling 14CDIC concentrations in porewater at the shallow shelf (water depth less than 120 m) off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. At these water depths, we expected to find evidence for seawater penetration toward the coast, since this area was flooded by seawater only some 18,000 yr ago (the end of the Last Glacial period).Measurements of the chemical composition (14CDIC) and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13CDIC) were performed in several sediment cores (40–250 cm long) at water depths between 6 and 115 m. At water depths of 60 m, represented by a 2.5-m-long sediment core, the porewater 14CDIC levels (85–87 pMC) were lower than the corresponding sediment values in each layer (92–95 pMC), mainly due to the oxidation of relatively old organic matter (about 70 pMC) with no evidence to advection. In contrast, sediment cores from water depths shallower than 50 m showed only slight anaerobic oxidation and high 14CDIC values of approximately 100 pMC, indicating possible downward advection. These geochemical observations support the perception that the penetration of seawater into the coastal aquifer occurs at the shallow water zone (<50 m), while further verification by deeper cores is required.

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