Kostenminimale Energieszenarien zur Erfüllung von Klimazielen: Ändert ein Hedging-Ansatz die ökonomischen Politikempfehlungen?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Held

<p>Der letzte Sachstandsbericht des IPCC weist aus, dass das 2°-Ziel mit fortgesetztem Wirtschaftswachstum vereinbar ist und der global gemittelte kurzfristige Konsumverlust zur Finanzierung einer Energiewende 1% beträgt. Erste Arbeiten zum 1,5°-Ziel zeigen, dass die ökonomischen Aufwendungen signifikant höher ausfallen, sich jedoch noch in derselben Größenordnung bewegen dürften.</p> <p>Dieser Ergebnis-Komplex zu den Kosten einer Energiewende wurde mit Hilfe integrierter energie- und klimaökonomischer Modelle generiert, in dessen Folge hunderte von Energieszenarien ausgewertet wurden. Die meisten dieser Szenarien wurden ohne eine explizite Darstellung von Unsicherheit über wesentliche Eingangsparameter wie die Lernraten individueller Energietechnologien oder die Klimasensitivität erzeugt.  </p> <p>Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird beleuchtet, über welche Mechanismen eine explizite Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit Politikempfehlungen verändert hat oder verändern könnte. Dabei wird insbesondere darauf eingegangen, dass das in Obigem implizit verwendete ökonomische Paradigma, unter Klimazielen nach kostenminimalen Lösungen zu fragen, der Verallgemeinerung bedarf, will man bei heutiger Investitionsplanung die Augen vor der Möglichkeit künftigen Lernens über unsichere Parameter nicht verschließen.</p> <p>In diesem Zuge wird ein eigener Ansatz (Held, 2019) vorgestellt und diskutiert, für welche Klasse von Fragestellungen die im jüngsten IPCC-Bericht zusammengefassten Energieszenarien robust unter Unsicherheit sind und für welche sich qualitativ andere Politikempfehlungen ergeben würden.</p> <p> </p> <p>Literatur:</p> <p>Held, Cost Risk Analysis – Dynamically Consistent Decision-Making under Climate Targets, Environmental and Resource Economics, 72 (1), 247-261, DOI 10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-018-0288-y (2019).</p>

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delf Neubersch ◽  
Hermann Held ◽  
Alexander Otto

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ming Chen

This article explores instinctive frames of human decision-making in environmental and resource economics. Higher-moment asset pricing combines rational, mathematically informed economic reasoning with psychological and biological insights. Leptokurtic blindness and skewness preference combine in particularly challenging ways for carbon mitigation. At their worst, human heuristics may generate perverse decisions. Information uncertainty and the innate preference for bonds-and-bullets portfolios may impair responses to catastrophic climate change.


2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. MacGillivray ◽  
P.D. Hamilton ◽  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
L. Reekie ◽  
S.J.T Pollard

Risk analysis in the water utility sector is fast becoming explicit. Here, we describe application of a capability model to benchmark the risk analysis maturity of a sub-sample of eight water utilities from the USA, the UK and Australia. Our analysis codifies risk analysis practice and offers practical guidance as to how utilities may more effectively employ their portfolio of risk analysis techniques for optimal, credible, and defensible decision making.


2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250013 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENISE GALLO PIZELLA ◽  
MARCELO PEREIRA DE SOUZA

Brazil is the second largest producer of genetically modified crops (GM crops) and the National Technical Commission on Biosafety (CTNBio) the decision making agency on this matter. The country uses Risk Analysis (RA) and project EIA as tools for biosafety evaluation. This paper aims to review the appropriateness of these tools for evaluating the environmental impacts of GM crops, also considering institutional aspects. An overview of the process of release of GM crops in Brazil along with important operational and institutional aspects is provided. The results indicate that project EIA could be applied to GM crops in specific sites and RA could give support to the evaluation of GM crop itself. Regarding institutional issues, it is concluded that decisions should be made by the environmental bodies, and not by the CTNBio.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Önder Ökmen ◽  
Ahmet Öztaş

Purpose – Actual costs frequently deviate from the estimated costs in either favorable or adverse direction in construction projects. Conventional cost evaluation methods do not take the uncertainty and correlation effects into account. In this regard, a simulation-based cost risk analysis model, the Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model, previously has been proposed to evaluate the uncertainty effect on construction costs in case of correlated costs and correlated risk-factors. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the detailed evaluation of the Cost Risk Analysis Model through scenario and sensitivity analyses. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation process consists of three scenarios with three sensitivity analyses in each and 28 simulations in total. During applications, the model’s important parameter called the mean proportion coefficient is modified and the user-dependent variables like the risk-factor influence degrees are changed to observe the response of the model to these modifications and to examine the indirect, two-sided and qualitative correlation capturing algorithm of the model. Monte Carlo Simulation is also applied on the same data to compare the results. Findings – The findings have shown that the Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model is capable of capturing the correlation between the costs and between the risk-factors, and operates in accordance with the theoretical expectancies. Originality/value – Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model can be preferred as a reliable and practical method by the professionals of the construction sector thanks to its detailed evaluation introduced in this paper.


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