Place of History in the History of Science

This article aims to reflect on the place of history in the history of science from the perspective of Brazilian historiography of science, mainly according to the thought of the Brazilian physicist and historian of science, Carlos Alvarez Maia. Since the 1990s, Maia (2013) began to question why the history of science became (and still largely remains) a “history of absent historians” in the face of the predominance of history of science in the Natural Science Departments and the absence in History Departments. The dynamic and changing historiography of science itself reaffirms the lack of historical analyses using history’s methodological and conceptual apparatus. Thus, epistemological aspects appear interrelated to political-institutional issues. Consequently, one has a political-epistemological perspective for discussing the place – or non-place – of history in the history of science. The thought of Maia (2013) acts as an essential starting point for reflection. It constitutes a possible opening in constructing a consolidation of discussions about the impacts (of the absence and the presence of the conceptual apparatus of history) in developing new historiography of science conceptually historical.

PAŃSTWOWY FUNDUSZ ZIEMI JAKO PRAWNY INSTRUMENT POLITYKI AGRARNEJ STALINOWSKIEGO PAŃSTWA W POLSCE W LATACH 1944–1956

The article attempts to discuss the legal and institutional issues related to the use of the State Land Fund (SLF) as a fundamental instrument of the postwar agrarian and land policy in Poland. First of all, an attempt was made to indicate the normative basis for its implementation and to reconstruct the legal character of the institution in question. Reconstruction of the legal essence of the State Land Fund shows the divergences formulated in this regard by the proponents of the doctrine of agricultural and financial law. The evolution of functions performed by the fund in the framework of the agrarian policy of the socialist state, and changes made in the model of administration of this institution, have contributed to the emergence of different evaluations. It seems that the institutional specificity of the SLF was determined primarily by the doctrinal or systemic basis of the Stalinist agricultural policy.

The Evolution of National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Pakistan - Implementation Challenges and the Way Forward

Geospatial data are produced by several organizations located at various places, and that is clearly a distributed environment. Many technical and institutional issues need to be resolved to share data in such an environment and to eventually enable regional development. For this matter, many countries implement Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) for the last 40 years. Since 2010, also Pakistan is striving to implement an SDI at the national level (NSDI). However, so far, the promised benefits have not yet been achieved. This study explores the evolution of the NSDI in Pakistan from 2010 till 2020 to reveal what kind of challenges the country is facing. Given the importance of stakeholders' support for the implementation of SDIs, we conducted a stakeholder analysis and a dedicated survey. We adopted the power-interest grid method to classify stakeholders' interests based on their authority to influence the NSDI development. Among other, the results show that stakeholders’ low participation due to insufficient technological, financial, and human resources impedes NSDI implementation efforts in the country.

Interprofessional Conflict Among Healthcare Teams in Nigeria: Implications on Quality of Patient Care

Background: Patient care in Nigeria is essentially an interprofessional teamwork. The functionality of the team may have substantial implications on the quality of patient care as well as the professional satisfaction of individual professionals in the health team. This study was designed to identity if interprofessional conflicts existed in health teams in health institutions in southeast Nigeria, and to explore their nature, course, identify the extant resolution mechanisms and to start to identify and document feasible mechanisms to mitigate the conflicts. The aim is to enhance the functionality of health teams for an overall better patient care outcome.Method: An online questionnaire survey collected data from 58 health healthcare professionals in four healthcare settings in the southeast of Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted resulting in seven central themes of conflict. The paper adopted narrative qualitative survey tools to survey a cohort of healthcare professionals who have practiced for varying periods. This study investigated the existence, or otherwise, and nature of the conflicts within health teams, probes the most at conflict as well as approaches being used in conflict resolution.Results: Many institutional conflicts exist among the healthcare teams. There are several conflict resolutions approaches that are being employed to resolve the conflicts. Most resolutions are simply the avoidance approach. Many of the conflicts potentially affect patient care outcomes but these are issues that could be resolved on a permanent to semi-permanent basis at local levels whilst others are broader institutional issues that will require external fixes. Discussion: There is a need to improve on the team process for healthcare professional early and systematically. Key or essential steps for doing this based on the importance of continued attentions to better patient care approaches are provided in this paper.

Institutional issues in the mirror of social philosophy. A review of current research

Socio-philosophical analysis is considered as a method of cognition of social practices. The authors use a content analysis of publications, apply a qualitative approach to the generalization of definitions of the method of socio-philosophical analysis in modern research. Directions of research are classified according to the spheres of social life, the functions of institutions as cultural phenomena, the methodological significance of socio-philosophical analysis of these phenomena is specified. In conclusion, the authors note the lack of a theoretical and methodological basis for the philosophical comprehension of institutional problems, for the study of global, universal processes, the regularities of the development of modern social institutions.

Institutional Issues around Agricultural Land-Use Control for Groundwater Conservation—A Long-Term Perspective

Key aspects of policy development and implementation for the control of agricultural land use to conserve groundwater are overviewed. This is one of today’s greatest environmental challenges and one on which only limited progress has been made internationally. For this purpose, the objectives of agricultural land-use control in defined areas are either to reduce diffuse pollution of groundwater and/or to regulate excessive abstraction for crop irrigation to sustain groundwater resources. Progress on both of these fronts has been assessed from the published work, and the lessons learnt are summarised for global application.

Introduction to Section II

In addition to the papers associated with the OLC Accelerate and Innovate conferences, we also have a selection of studies that have been reviewed and accepted for publication through our regular submission process. The journal continues to receive hundreds of submissions and the Online Learning Consortium appreciates the opportunity to serve as a nexus for researchers in the field. These studies investigate deep learning processes, motivation, compassion, and a wide range of other student, faculty and institutional issues in both k-12 and higher education online settings.

Theoretical and Practical Challenges to Stop Recidivism Among Juveniles: Three Cases Studies of Male Juveniles in Karachi, Pakistan

In Pakistan, research (within academia and outside of it) lacks discussion and analysis of the policy, legal, administrative, institutional issues, challenges and barriers in addressing recidivism among juveniles. Therefore, this article’s primary aim is to understand the different factors that prevent children from recidivism; or instead, they contribute to juveniles’ developing tendency to re-offend. Three children between 15 to 18 years of age were interviewed at the superintendent of the Youthful Offender Industrial School (YOIS) in Karachi; also, an interview was conducted with the Director Reclamation and Probation, Sindh. The findings reveal that partial legal and institutional provisions and arrangements exist to address recidivism. However, these provisions are not implemented to stop children from re-offending. The analysis also shows that detention exists, but they did not have rehabilitation programmes, whereas community-based rehabilitation did not exist. Instead, these places (institutions and communities) educate children on how the crimes are being committed. The study’s findings suggest serious policy measures to deal with recidivism among male juveniles through diverse programmes and training and sensitisation of the police and judicial officials and the community members.