Canal block location optimization for drained peatland restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Urzainqui ◽  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Hannu Hökkä
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Location Optimization ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Canal Network ◽  
Exact Positions

<p><span>Building canal or drain blocks is a powerful tool to raise the water table of a drained peatland and to enhance ecosystem restoration. When restoring large areas, the number of blocks becomes limited by the available resources, which raises the following question: in which exact positions should a given number of blocks be placed in order to maximize the water table raise? There is neither a simple nor an analytic answer. The water table response is a complex phenomenon that depends on several factors, such as the topology of the canal network, site topography, peat hydraulic properties, vegetation and meteorological conditions. We developed a new method to position the canal blocks which is based on the combination of a hydrological model and heuristic optimization algorithms. We applied this approach to a large drained peatland area (1100 km</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>) in Indonesia. Our solution consistently improved the performance of traditional block locating methods, indicating that drained peatland restoration can be made more effective at the same cost by selecting the positions of the blocks using a numerical approach.</span></p>

scholarly journals Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Urzainki ◽  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Arif Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Canal Network ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Exact Positions

Abstract. Drained peatlands are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions globally. Emission reduction and, more generally, ecosystem restoration can be achieved by raising the water table using canal or drain blocks. When restoring large areas, the number of blocks becomes limited by the available resources, which raises the following question: in which exact positions should a given number of blocks be placed in order to maximize the water table raise throughout the area? There is neither a simple nor an analytic answer. The water table response is a complex phenomenon that depends on several factors, such as the topology of the canal network, site topography, peat hydraulic properties, vegetation characteristics and meteorological conditions. We developed a new method to position the canal blocks based on the combination of a hydrological model and heuristic optimization algorithms. We applied this approach to a large drained peatland area (931 km2) in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our solution consistently improved the performance of traditional block locating methods, indicating that drained peatland restoration can be made more effective at the same cost by selecting the positions of the blocks using the presented scheme.

scholarly journals Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 4769-4784
Author(s):  
Iñaki Urzainki ◽  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Arif Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Canal Network ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Exact Positions

Abstract. Drained peatlands are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions globally. Emission reduction and, more generally, ecosystem restoration can be enhanced by raising the water table using canal or drain blocks. When restoring large areas, the number of blocks becomes limited by the available resources, which raises the following question: in which exact positions should a given number of blocks be placed in order to maximize the water table rise throughout the area? There is neither a simple nor an analytic answer. The water table response is a complex phenomenon that depends on several factors, such as the topology of the canal network, site topography, peat hydraulic properties, vegetation characteristics and meteorological conditions. We developed a new method to position the canal blocks based on the combination of a hydrological model and heuristic optimization algorithms. We simulated 3 d dry downs from a water saturated initial state for different block positions using the Boussinesq equation, and the block configurations maximizing water table rise were searched for by means of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. We applied this approach to a large drained peatland area (931 km2) in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our solution consistently outperformed traditional block locating methods, indicating that drained peatland restoration can be made more effective at the same cost by selecting the positions of the blocks using the presented scheme.

scholarly journals Spontaneous revegetation of a peatland in Manitoba after peat extraction: diversity of plant assemblages and restoration perspectives

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Gagnon ◽  
Line Rochefort ◽  
Claude Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
High Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Table Level ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
A Site

There are very few studies on the spontaneous revegetation of cutover fens or bogs from which peat has been extracted to the minerotrophic layers. Most peatlands with fen-type residual peat have problems regenerating a plant cover satisfactorily from a restoration point of view. We nevertheless found a site (Moss Spur, Manitoba, Canada) presenting a substantial and diversified spontaneous plant cover. We estimated that the site would provide insights about natural revegetation processes operating in peatlands. Vegetation assemblages and environmental conditions were surveyed 19 years after extraction activities ceased. Moss Spur has densely revegetated (163 plant species, vegetation cover of 94%) with minimal human assistance. However, the composition of plant assemblages varies considerably across the site, depending on certain abiotic variables, particularly water pH, water table level, and the thickness of the residual peat layer. Moss Spur was remarkably wet considering the past peat extraction activities and the absence of active rewetting procedures. The high water table level may in part explain the successful revegetation. However, plant assemblages were not of equal quality from a restoration perspective. Some assemblages were highly diversified, and especially those dominated by Scirpus cyperinus, a species that should be further considered in peatland restoration projects to direct the recovery of the peatland towards a natural fen species composition.

scholarly journals Water table evaluation post the construction of canal blocks on peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Henny Herawati ◽  
Aji Ali Akbar ◽  
Dwi Farastika ◽  
Azmeri
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Tidal Period ◽  
Water Table Fluctuation ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
Canal Network

Creating canal network is the first step to do agricultural practice in wetlands that aims to make the wetland dry. The existence of canal network affects the hydrological function of peat ecosystem in West Kalimantan which leads to drought and peatland fires during dry season. Canal network on peatlands causes the previously stagnant water to flow out easily through the canal. Therefore, a repressive effort is required to maintain water table in peatland. A countermeasure that has been applied to restore peat is by constructing canal blocks on the established canals. The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate changes in water table in peatlands after the construction of a canal block in Wajok Hilir Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Based on the water table evaluation result on peatland with and without blocked canal, it is identified that peatland surrounding blocked canal had smaller water table fluctuation than the peatland surrounding unblocked canal during 1 tidal period. This research concludes that the construction of canal block helps retain water longer in peatland so that water table can be maintained in short term and is expected to restore hydrological function of peatland in the long term.

scholarly journals Assimilation of SMOS soil moisture into a distributed hydrological model and impacts on the water cycle variables over the Ouémé catchment in Benin

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2827-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine J. Leroux ◽  
Thierry Pellarin ◽  
Théo Vischel ◽  
Jean-Martial Cohard ◽  
Tania Gascon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Precipitation Estimation

Abstract. Precipitation forcing is usually the main source of uncertainty in hydrology. It is of crucial importance to use accurate forcing in order to obtain a good distribution of the water throughout the basin. For real-time applications, satellite observations allow quasi-real-time precipitation monitoring like the products PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks, TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) or CMORPH (CPC (Climate Prediction Center) MORPHing). However, especially in West Africa, these precipitation satellite products are highly inaccurate and the water amount can vary by a factor of 2. A post-adjusted version of these products exists but is available with a 2 to 3 month delay, which is not suitable for real-time hydrologic applications. The purpose of this work is to show the possible synergy between quasi-real-time satellite precipitation and soil moisture by assimilating the latter into a hydrological model. Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture is assimilated into the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) model. By adjusting the soil water content, water table depth and streamflow simulations are much improved compared to real-time precipitation without assimilation: soil moisture bias is decreased even at deeper soil layers, correlation of the water table depth is improved from 0.09–0.70 to 0.82–0.87, and the Nash coefficients of the streamflow go from negative to positive. Overall, the statistics tend to get closer to those from the reanalyzed precipitation. Soil moisture assimilation represents a fair alternative to reanalyzed rainfall products, which can take several months before being available, which could lead to a better management of available water resources and extreme events.

The Effects of Peatland Restoration on Water-Table Depth, Elemental Concentrations, and Vegetation: 10 Years of Changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas O. Haapalehto ◽  
Harri Vasander ◽  
Sinikka Jauhiainen ◽  
Teemu Tahvanainen ◽  
Janne S. Kotiaho
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Peatland Restoration

scholarly journals The effectiveness of canal blocking for hydrological restoration in tropical peatland

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Sigit Sutikno ◽  
Besri Nasrul ◽  
Haris Gunawan ◽  
Rachmad Jayadi ◽  
Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The Peatland Restoration Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRG-RI), an agency that is mandated to restore 2 million hectares of degraded peatland by 2020, has developed a 3-R approach towards tackling the problem based on the program of rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization of livelihood for the peatlands restoration in Indonesia. The Rewetting program that aims to rehabilitate hydrologically a peatland to a near natural state is carried out by canal blocking, canal backfilling, and construction of deep wells. To know the progress of the restoration activities by BRG, it is very important to understand the effectiveness of canal blocking on rewetting of the tropical peatland. The effectiveness of canal blocking was investigated through the monitoring of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation around the canal block. This study was carried out at a canal block that is located at the peatland of Sungai Tohor Village, Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province. For monitoring of GWL fluctuation as the impact of canal blocking, five dipwells were set at the peatland that are perpendicular to the canal with the distance of 20 m, 70 m, 120 m, 170 m, and 220 m respectively. The results of this study show that the impact of canal blocking could raise the water table in the peatland at the radius of about 170 m from the canal. The radius impact of the re-wetting might be bigger or smaller, that strongly depends on the hydrotopography situation of the area.

scholarly journals Modelling catchment-scale shallow landslide occurrence by means of a subsurface flow path connectivity index

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4101-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lanni ◽  
M. Borga ◽  
R. Rigon ◽  
P. Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Hydrological Connectivity ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Topographic Index ◽  
Infinite Slope Stability Model

Abstract. Topographic index-based hydrological models have gained wide use to describe the hydrological control on the triggering of rainfall-induced shallow landslides at the catchment scale. A common assumption in these models is that a spatially continuous water table occurs simultaneously at any point across the catchment. However, during a rainfall event isolated patches of subsurface saturation form above an impeding layer and hydrological connectivity of these patches is a necessary condition for lateral flow initiation at a point on the hillslope. Here, a new hydrological model is presented, which allows to account for the concept of hydrological connectivity while keeping the simplicity of the topographic index approach. A dynamic topographic index is used to describe the transient lateral flow that is established at a hillslope element when the rainfall amount exceeds a threshold value allowing for (a) development of a perched water table above an impeding layer, (b) hydrological connectivity between the hillslope element and its own upslope contributing area. A spatially variable soil depth is the main control of hydrological connectivity in the model. The hydrological model is coupled with the infinite slope stability model, and with a scaling model for the rainfall frequency-duration relationship to determine the return period of the critical rainfall needed to cause instability on three catchments located in the Italian Alps. The results show the good ability of our model in predicting observed shallow landslides. The model is finally used to determine local rainfall intensity-duration thresholds that may lead to shallow landslide initiation.

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