The climate impact of municipal land policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Koebsch ◽  
Ulrike Huth ◽  
Petra Kahle
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
German City ◽  
Anthropogenic Perturbations ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Land Use Maps

<p>Ecosystems can store significant amounts of carbon dioxide and are therefore often considered as nature-based solutions to combat climate change. However, anthropogenic perturbations can turn these natural sinks to substantial sources for greenhouse gases. The climate impact of land use and land use change is well recognized on national and international level. Yet, municipalities which implement concrete measures on the ground, lack a tool to quantify the climate effect of their land use decisions.</p><p>Using the German city of Rostock (200.000 inhabitants) as an example, we present an approach to evaluate the climate effect of different land use trajectories in urban areas. The approach makes uses of municipal land use maps and complies with the IPCC inventory guidelines. Based on this emission assessment we can provide generic recommendations to exploit nature-based solutions for climate protection in municipal land policy.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Urban Transformation on Transportation Infrastructure: Goztepe Transformation Area Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
Gulcin ALP ◽  
Yavuz Ozdemir ◽  
Sahika OZDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Use Factors

Cities are the settlements they form as living spaces of societies and they are not just structures; the same people are born, breathe, grow and thrive. While the cities are growing, their structures are unable to carry the density of the population due to deterioration in time. Urban transformation projects have emerged as a response to this need. However, it is seen that there are some problems and deficiencies when the issue of existing land use and transportation network factors for renewal of the problematic places of the cities is examined in parallel with the changes. If these problems are not prevented, it will not be possible to leave quality, reliable and sustainable cities for years to come. Non-sustainable transportation and land-use decisions in fast-growing urban areas are not effective in solving transportation problems. Point solutions against transportation problems are not permanent in the long term and cause problems after a short period of time. Therefore, the effect of the transformations on the transportation and land use factors are evaluated together. In this study, it is emphasized that the land use and transportation factor should be handled based on Göztepe District of Bağcılar district which is in the process of transformation under the law no 6306.

Property Right Acquisition and Path Dependence: Nineteenth-Century Land Policy and Modern Economic Outcomes*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W Allen ◽  
Bryan Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Modern Economic

Abstract This paper compares lands settled between 1862 – 1940 under the Homestead Act to lands that sold for cash during the same time. We combine recently digitized individual land patents with modern satellite data and find a negative effect of homesteading on modern land use that cannot be explained by land quality, title characteristics, or unobserved differences in settlers. We test the hypothesis that early homestead settlement put homesteaders “in the way” of future development, creating a path dependence in land use decisions for homesteads, despite the fact that their legal rights were identical to purchased lands.

Effective Transit Requires Walkable Communities: Land Use Lessons of Transport Patterns in Four World Cities

2000 ◽  
Vol 1722 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn S. Konheim ◽  
Brian Ketcham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Transport Patterns ◽  
Transit Use ◽  
Automobile Use

A comparison of transportation systems in the metropolitan areas of the world’s financial capitals—London, Paris, New York, and Tokyo—found that although all of the urban areas are spreading outward from their historical and economic cores, there are striking differences in their patterns of development—and the transport consequences. The principal determinant of travel demand and mode in the four cities is the extent to which housing and employment are clustered around transit. It appears that the more that daily trip needs can be met by walking, the more likely that longer trips will be made by transit than by automobile. This conclusion is drawn from the high transit use and low automobile use in the inner zones of New York, where there is the largest number of rapid-transit stations of all four cities. It is reinforced by comparisons of outer zones of New York and Tokyo with similar total population density but strikingly different configurations of settlement and greatly contrasting travel patterns. Extensive supporting data are reported. The land use configurations of each region are as much the product of institutional and economic forces as of each city’s geography, history, and culture. London, the urban area most similar to the New York region in size and culture, is responding to aggressive national policies that mandate land use plans to promote town centers and reduce travel demand. Long-range planning processes in Tokyo and Paris have achieved transit-oriented development even in their outer zones. In contrast, hundreds of municipalities in the 31 -county New York metropolitan area make reactive land use decisions influenced by incentives to sprawl inherent in the U.S. economy. Measures to offset these forces are recommended.

IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Nooraini Hj Yusoff ◽  
Wan Juliyana Wan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Urban Areas Using Remote Sensing Images and GIS Analysis: The Case Study of Opole, Poland

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiatkowska ◽  
Janusz Słodczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Stokowska
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Management Procedures

Urban expansion is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, often involving adverse changes in land use and land cover (LULC). This paper uses satellite imagery from Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-8 OLI, Sentinel-2 MSI, and GIS technology to analyse LULC changes in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The research was carried out in Opole, the capital of the Opole Agglomeration (south-western Poland). Maps produced from supervised spectral classification of remote sensing data revealed that in 20 years, built-up areas have increased about 40%, mainly at the expense of agricultural land. Detection of changes in the spatial pattern of LULC showed that the highest average rate of increase in built-up areas occurred in the zone 3–6 km (11.7%) and above 6 km (10.4%) from the centre of Opole. The analysis of the increase of built-up land in relation to the decreasing population (SDG 11.3.1) has confirmed the ongoing process of demographic suburbanisation. The paper shows that satellite imagery and GIS can be a valuable tool for local authorities and planners to monitor the scale of urbanisation processes for the purpose of adapting space management procedures to the changing environment.

scholarly journals Effects of Land-Related Policies on Deforestation in a Protected Area: The Case Study of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ismail Hossain ◽  
Shinya Numata
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Total Forest Area

In protected areas (PAs) in Bangladesh, as policies shift from net deforestation, conservation initiatives and various management plans have been implemented to reduce deforestation and include public participation at multiple levels. However, the interactive effect of land-related policies on deforestation in PAs is poorly understood. In this study, land-use change analysis using geographic information system data was performed to investigate how policies affected land use and land cover change in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (RKWS), particularly the National Forest Policy (1979~), National Land Policy (2001~), and Agricultural Land Policy (1999~), using a series of Landsat images captured at different times. Our analyses showed that the total forest area increased in the 1994–2005 period when a plantation program was implemented, and also that many forest areas were replaced with noncommercial agricultural land areas in the 2005–2013 and 2013–2018 periods, when land zoning and co-management programs were implemented under different land-related policies. Commercial and non-commercial agricultural land expansions were the main drivers of deforestation, suggesting that several programs under the different land-related policies could have had synergetic effects on deforestation even in PAs. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the undesirable effects of land-related policies in Pas, and the need to support the community for forest conservation.

scholarly journals Correlating elements content in mosses collected in 2015 across Germany with spatially associated characteristics of sampling sites and their surroundings

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Nickel ◽  
Winfried Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Tree Layer

Abstract Background The aim of the study was a statistical evaluation of the statistical relevance of potentially explanatory variables (atmospheric deposition, meteorology, geology, soil, topography, sampling, vegetation structure, land-use density, population density, potential emission sources) correlated with the content of 12 heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses collected from 400 sites across Germany in 2015. Beyond correlation analysis, regression analysis was performed using two methods: random forest regression and multiple linear regression in connection with commonality analysis. Results The strongest predictor for the content of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and N in mosses was the sampled species. In 2015, the atmospheric deposition showed a lower predictive power compared to earlier campaigns. The mean precipitation (2013–2015) is a significant factor influencing the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in moss samples. Altitude (Cu, Hg and Ni) and slope (Cd) are the strongest topographical predictors. With regard to 14 vegetation structure measures studied, the distance to adjacent tree stands is the strongest predictor (Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, N), followed by the tree layer height (Cd, Hg, Pb, N), the leaf area index (Cd, N, Zn), and finally the coverage of the tree layer (Ni, Cd, Hg). For forests, the spatial density in radii 100–300 km predominates as significant predictors for Cu, Hg, Ni and N. For the urban areas, there are element-specific different radii between 25 and 300 km (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, N) and for agricultural areas usually radii between 50 and 300 km, in which the respective land use is correlated with the element contents. The population density in the 50 and 100 km radius is a variable with high explanatory power for all elements except Hg and N. Conclusions For Europe-wide analyses, the population density and the proportion of different land-use classes up to 300 km around the moss sampling sites are recommended.

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