Connecting the dots: NOx emissions along a West Siberian natural gas pipeline.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald van der A ◽  
Jos de Laat ◽  
Henk Eskes ◽  
Jieying Ding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

<p><span><span>New TROPOMI (Sentinel 5P) high quality satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) over snow-covered regions of Siberia reveal previously undocumented but significant nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub> = NO + NO<sub>2</sub>) emissions associated with the natural gas industry in Western Siberia. Besides gas drilling and natural gas power plants, also gas compressor stations for the transport of natural gas are sources of high amounts of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, which are emitted in otherwise pristine regions. The emissions from these remote gas compressor stations are at least an order of magnitude larger than those reported for North American gas compressor stations, possibly related to less stringent environmental regulations in Siberia compared to the United States. This discovery was made possible thanks to a newly developed technique for discriminating snow covered surfaces from clouds, which for the first time allows for satellite measurements of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns over large boreal snow-covered areas. This results in 23% more TROPOMI observations on an annual basis. Furthermore, these observations have a precision four times better than nearly any TROPOMI observation over other areas and surfaces around the world. These new results highlight the potential of TROPOMI on Sentinel 5P as well as future satellite missions for monitoring small-scale emissions</span></span></p>

Risk Assessment of Incidents Response for Downstate New York Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-65
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli ◽  
Aamir Khizar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New York ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

In the United States today, there are thousands of miles of an extended network of natural gas pipelines across the nation. Current pipeline explosions and leaks in several regions have challenged the natural gas industry to re-evaluate efforts and to pursue proactive strategies. Safety and the environmental threat has become a primary concern in the United States and around the world, but mostly in cases where natural gases, oil, and other hazardous wastes are intricate. Thus, a significant point in the natural gas pipeline industry that signifies both the economic and social issue is the unplanned pipeline risk. In this article, a quantitative data analysis was performed for Downstate New York companies, Con Edison and National Grid. There, the data from various natural gas pipelines was observed for the trend regarding failing material, failure cause, aging characteristics, and perform a risk assessment to come up with training and risk checklist that could be crucial for risk handling strategies. The statistical analyses of the natural gas pipeline-related incident data for distribution pipelines between 2012 and 2016, which were composed from Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), are compiled. The total miles in the gas distribution pipelines in downstate New York is approximately 48,539 as of 2016. The equipment failure, other incident cause, other outside force, and excavation damages are the leading causes of the pipe-related incidents, which are responsible for over 20% of the total incidents between 2012 and 2016. As a result, a quantitative research methodology has been developed as the suitable approach to achieve risk assessment. Mainly, this approach aims towards risk management in natural gas industry projects using the maximum likelihood method on 70 rupture incidents between 2012 and 2016, which were collected from the PHMSA pipeline incident database. The hypothetical quantitative risk assessment of the gas distribution pipelines are illustrated by combining the statistics of the pipeline rupture incidents, as well as risk assessment performed in the present study.

Research on Pricing Formulation Method for Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline Network Transporting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Minghua Zhao ◽  
Chengwen Qian ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Pricing Mechanism ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

With the completion of the second line project of West-East Gas Transmission in 2011, the third line of West-East Gas Transmission will be started soon and the fourth line and the fifth line will be started in recent five years. China will form one of the largest natural gas pipeline network in the world. The gas supply mode will be changed from single gas source and single-pipeline supply to multi-source and multi-pipeline supply through regulation and coordination, which will impact on existing pricing mechanism and operation mode of Chinese natural gas industry violently. Depending on the development trend of natural gas pipeline network, the regionalization management mode of natural gas pipeline will be implemented gradually. Chinese natural gas industry also needs to develop a new-type market-oriented operation mode with clear interfaces between production, transportation, distribution and customers so as to facilitate the optimal allocation of resources. By the customized scientific research of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation), combining with existing pricing mechanism of natural gas pipeline and economic characteristics of long-distance natural gas pipeline transportation in China, the paper studied the pricing mechanism problem of combined transportation of multi-source and mutli-pipeline gas supply in the regionalization management mechanism, presented the idea of pricing formulation method of two kinds of pipeline network transportation based on standard rates of pipeline transportation and service cost rules, formed pricing formulation system of natural gas pipeline transportation, introduced the design idea, structural construction, distribution method and key points of natural gas pipeline transportation in details, and demonstrated the methods by example calculation. The methods presented in the paper can meet the pricing requirements of natural gas pipeline network transportation, remedy the defect in existing price accounting mechanism, solve the problem that the income and expenses among different interest bodies are not balanced, and facilitate the rapid development of natural gas pipeline business.

scholarly journals Regulation and Deregulation of the Natural Gas Industry in the United States

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Arnold R. Madigan ◽  
Deborah A. MacDonald ◽  
Dari R. Dornan ◽  
Henry C. Jr. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

This paper deals with the effects of natural gas industry regulation and deregulation in the United States on the marketing of Canadian gas.

THE EMERGING PHILIPPINE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Rufino B. Bomasang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Government

The main Philippine energy policy objectives are availability of energy supply; competitive, affordable, and reasonable energy prices; and environmentally compatible energy infrastructure. A key strategy in the pursuit of these objectives is expanded natural gas utilisation.Development of the Camago-Malampaya gas field in offshore northwest Palawan is the vital anchor of the emerging Philippine gas industry. It has proven reserves of 3–4 trillion cubic feet, enough to supply a 3,000 megawatt power plant, but located in very deep water (over 800 m) and far away from the market (requiring 500 km of pipeline). Nevertheless, the developers (Shell and Occidental Petroleum) are prepared to develop the field and build a 24-inch offshore pipeline to transport the gas to power plants in Luzon which independent power producers are likewise prepared to put up, all to be completed by 2001–2002. Total capital requirements from upstream to downstream are estimated at US$4–5 billion.While the initial gas market will be limited to power generation, the government intends to expand the use of gas to the industrial, commercial/residential, and transport sectors. To assure reliable gas supply to the entire gas industry, the government is actively promoting gas exploration and supports LNG importation to supplement indigenous gas.With the government's policy of maximising private sector participation, the gas industry offers tremendous foreign investment opportunities includingindigenous gas exploration/development;pipeline construction;LNG supply and construction/operation of LNG infrastructure;independent power production; anddevelopment of new gas markets.

US methane rules will not achieve climate targets

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

Subject US methane regulations. Significance US rules aimed at 45% reductions in methane emissions from the oil and gas industry by 2025 are to be finalised in the middle of this year, according to a White House plan unveiled last month. Methane emissions are the second-most common greenhouse gas (GHG) in the United States and account worldwide for nearly 20% of 'radiative forcing' -- a measure of potential climate change impact. The new rules will apply from 2016 and only to new or newly modified sites. Impacts The push to switch to natural gas from coal could lead to a rapid increase in gas installations. However, the natural gas industry has expanded during the 'shale revolution' and those operations will be exempt from current rules. Landfill regulations may proliferate at municipal and state level, where the industry is less politicised.

scholarly journals Spinning Liquid Gold

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (07) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
John Kosowatz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Advanced Drilling ◽  
Local Use

This article discusses the economic growth opportunities due to liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the United States. Advanced drilling and production techniques have given the United States more natural gas than its markets can handle. Converting that bounty into liquefied natural gas promises to transform the U.S. gas industry into a global energy power. LNG is the generally preferred form of natural gas for use in long-haul heavy-duty trucks, because liquefying it reduces volume. More fuel can be loaded into the tank. Local-use vehicles, which operate from a central yard, often use CNG. For LNG, the only serious limits that people are talking about today are related to infrastructure costs, particularly in the development of exports. Even if the international demand for LNG stays high, exports from the United States cannot happen for a few years because of the time needed for plant construction. Optimism reigns among players throughout the natural gas industry.

The Alliance Pipeline: A Design Shift in Long Distance Gas Transmission

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd S. Janzen ◽  
W. Norval Horner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Energy Companies

Competition in the natural gas industry grows steadily. The demand for natural gas transportation has typically exceeded the capability of the existing natural gas pipelines within Canada for several years. Even though intense competition exists with producing and marketing natural gas, limited transportation options limits the business opportunities available for energy companies. This competitive spirit is driving the Alliance Pipeline Project. Once the pipeline is complete, producers will have an additional transportation option to move their products to Chicago, Illinois, which is emerging as an important business hub for natural gas marketing. Designing and constructing a natural gas pipeline in the late 1990’s will allow Alliance Pipeline Limited the ability to implement the latest technology into all aspects of the design.

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