Stratospheric chemistry and aerosol modeling in CAMS with the IFS-CB05-BASCOE-GLOMAP (ICBG) system: evaluation in quiescent conditions and in a volcanic eruption.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Samuel Remy ◽  
Graham Mann ◽  
Vincent Huijnen ◽  
Zak Kipling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Particle Nucleation ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
Meteoric Smoke ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Aerosol Modeling ◽  
Monitoring Service

<p>We present interactive stratospheric aerosol simulations with the ICBG system, a  global tropospheric-stratospheric combined aerosol-chemistry model which is an extension to the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), and is developed as part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). ICBG is the result of the merging of two existing CAMS configurations of the IFS:</p><ul><li>The IFS-GLOMAP tropospheric-stratospheric aerosol microphysics system, which has the GLOMAP-mode aerosol scheme configured for forecast-cycling experiments within the IFS,</li> <li>The IFS-CB05-BASCOE tropospheric (CB05) – stratospheric (BASCOE) chemistry scheme, which is also an established configuration of the IFS within CAMS.</li> </ul><p>During the first phase of CAMS, the stratospheric chemistry scheme IFS-BASCOE was extended to include the stratospheric sulphur chemistry from the UM-UKCA model, with sulphuric acid production rates from IFS-BASCOE passed each timestep to the aerosol scheme IFS-GLOMAP for aerosol particle nucleation and condensation. The aerosol surface area densities (SAD) simulated by IFS-GLOMAP simulated are similarly passed each timestep to the stratospheric chemistry scheme IFS-BASCOE for  heterogeneous reactions. In a recent progression of this strato-tropospheric modelling system, the climatology for meteoric smoke particles (MSP) used in UM-UKCA has also been implemented. Thus the simulated stratospheric aerosol layer comprises not only pure sulphuric particles nucleated homogeneously but also meteoric-sulphuric particles formed from the MSPs.</p><p>We  evaluate the simulated stratosphere aerosol layer in quiescent conditions, comparing it to SAGE-II measurements from the 1998-2002 period. The simulated stratospheric sulfate burden, aerosol extinction, stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD) and surface area density (SAD) agree well with the SAGE-II retrievals. We also show results from ICBG simulations of the volcanic aerosol cloud from a large-magnitude tropical eruption (Pinatubo, June 1991, VEI6) and a medium-magnitude eruption at a northern mid-latitude (Raikoke, June 2019, VEI4).</p>

scholarly journals C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE: Stratospheric Chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Huijnen ◽  
Johannes Flemming ◽  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Quentin Errera ◽  
Yves Christophe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The One ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Chemistry Module

Abstract. We present a model description and benchmark evaluation of an extension of the tropospheric chemistry module in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with stratospheric chemistry, referred to as C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE (for brevity here referred to as C-IFS-TS). The stratospheric chemistry originates from the one used in the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE), and is here combined with the modified CB05 chemistry module for the troposphere as currently used operationally in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). In our approach either the tropospheric or stratospheric chemistry module is applied depending on the altitude of each individual grid box with respect to the tropopause. An evaluation of a 1.5 year long C-IFS-TS simulation indicates good performance of the system in terms of stratospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide as well as other reactive tracers in comparison to various satellite retrieval products. This marks a first step towards a chemistry module within IFS that encompasses both tropospheric and stratospheric composition.

Isotopic studies of the sulfur component of the stratospheric aerosol layer

Tellus ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Castleman Jr. ◽  
H. R. Munkelwitz ◽  
B. Manowitz
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Isotopic Studies

scholarly journals Simultaneous Multiple Wavelength Laser Radar Measurement of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwasaka ◽  
Hiroshi Fukunishi ◽  
Takeo Hirasawa ◽  
Ryoichi Fujii ◽  
Hiroshi Miyaoka
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Laser Radar ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Radar Measurement ◽  
Multiple Wavelength

Stratospheric aerosol layer detection

1973 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Cunnold ◽  
C. R. Gray ◽  
D. C. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer

Monitoring the Variability of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer over Tomsk in 2016–2018 Based on Lidar Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Marichev ◽  
◽  
D. A. Bochkovskiia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The results of observations of the features of intraannual variability for the vertical structure of background aerosol in the stratosphere over Western Siberia in 2016–2018 are presented and analyzed. Experimental data were obtained at the lidar complex of Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) with a receiving mirror diameter of 1 m. The objective of the study is to investigate the dynamics of background stratospheric aerosol, since during this period there were no volcanic eruptions leading to the transport of eruptive aerosol into the stratosphere. The results of the study confirm a stable intraannual cycle of maximum aerosol filling of the stratosphere in winter, a decrease in spring to the minimum, practical absence in summer, and an increase in autumn. At the same time, the variability of stratification and aerosol filling is observed for different years. It was found that aerosol is concentrated in the layer up to 30 km all year round, except for the winter period. It is shown that the vertical aerosol stratification is largely determined by the thermal regime of the tropo- sphere–stratosphere boundary layer. The absence of a pronounced temperature inversion at the tropopause contributes to an increase in the stratosphere–troposphere exchange and, as a result, to the aerosol transport to the stratosphere. This situation is typical of the cold season. For the first time, data on the quantitative content of stratospheric aerosol (its mass concentration) were obtained from single- frequency lidar data.

scholarly journals Lidar Observation of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer over Okinawa, Japan, after the Mt. Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Nagai ◽  
Osamu Uchino ◽  
Toshifumi Fujimoto ◽  
Yoshinobu Sai ◽  
Kazuo Tamashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Lidar Observation

scholarly journals C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE: stratospheric chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3071-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Huijnen ◽  
Johannes Flemming ◽  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Quentin Errera ◽  
Yves Christophe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The One ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Chemistry Module

Abstract. We present a model description and benchmark evaluation of an extension of the tropospheric chemistry module in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with stratospheric chemistry, referred to as C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE (for brevity here referred to as C-IFS-TS). The stratospheric chemistry originates from the one used in the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE), and is here combined with the modified CB05 chemistry module for the troposphere as currently used operationally in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). In our approach either the tropospheric or stratospheric chemistry module is applied, depending on the altitude of each individual grid box with respect to the tropopause. An evaluation of a 2.5-year long C-IFS-TS simulation with respect to various satellite retrieval products and in situ observations indicates good performance of the system in terms of stratospheric ozone, and a general improvement in terms of stratospheric composition compared to the C-IFS predecessor model version. Possible issues with transport processes in the stratosphere are identified. This marks a key step towards a chemistry module within IFS that encompasses both tropospheric and stratospheric composition, and could expand the CAMS analysis and forecast capabilities in the near future.

scholarly journals The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): Experimental design and forcing input data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Zanchettin ◽  
Myriam Khodri ◽  
Claudia Timmreck ◽  
Matthew Toohey ◽  
Anja Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Climatic Response ◽  
Volcanic Forcing ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. The enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer by volcanic eruptions induces a complex set of responses causing global and regional climate effects on a broad range of timescales. Uncertainties exist regarding the climatic response to strong volcanic forcing identified in coupled climate simulations that contributed to the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In order to better understand the sources of these model diversities, the model intercomparison project on the climate response to volcanic forcing (VolMIP) has defined a coordinated set of idealized volcanic perturbation experiments to be carried out in alignment with the CMIP6 protocol. VolMIP provides a common stratospheric aerosol dataset for each experiment to eliminate differences in the applied volcanic forcing, and defines a set of initial conditions to determine how internal climate variability contributes to determining the response. VolMIP will assess to what extent volcanically-forced responses of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system are robustly simulated by state-of-the-art coupled climate models and identify the causes that limit robust simulated behavior, especially differences in the treatment of physical processes. This paper illustrates the design of the idealized volcanic perturbation experiments in the VolMIP protocol and describes the common aerosol forcing input datasets to be used.

scholarly journals Implementation and validation of a new operational wave forecasting system of the Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675-2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Ravdas ◽  
Anna Zacharioudaki ◽  
Gerasimos Korres
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Marine Environment Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Wave Forecasting

Abstract. Within the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), an operational wave forecasting system for the Mediterranean Sea has been implemented by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) and evaluated through a series of preoperational tests and subsequently for 1 full year of simulations (2014). The system is based on the WAM model and it has been developed as a nested sequence of two computational grids to ensure that occasional remote swell propagating from the North Atlantic correctly enters the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Mediterranean model has a grid spacing of 1∕24∘. It is driven with 6-hourly analysis and 5-day forecast 10 m ECMWF winds. It accounts for shoaling and refraction due to bathymetry and surface currents, which are provided in offline mode by CMEMS. Extensive statistics on the system performance have been calculated by comparing model results with in situ and satellite observations. Overall, the significant wave height is accurately simulated by the model while less accurate but reasonably good results are obtained for the mean wave period. In both cases, the model performs optimally at offshore wave buoy locations and well-exposed Mediterranean subregions. Within enclosed basins and near the coast, unresolved topography by the wind and wave models and fetch limitations cause the wave model performance to deteriorate. Model performance is better in winter when the wave conditions are well defined. On the whole, the new forecast system provides reliable forecasts. Future improvements include data assimilation and higher-resolution wind forcing.

scholarly journals Enhancement of stratospheric aerosols after solar proton event

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Shumilov ◽  
E. A. Kasatkina ◽  
K. Henriksen ◽  
E. V. Vashenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Solar Proton Event ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. The lidar measurements at Verhnetulomski observatory (68.6°N, 31.8°E) at Kola peninsula detected a considerable increase of stratospheric aerosol concentration after the solar proton event of GLE (ground level event) type on the 16/02/84. This increase was located at precisely the same altitude range where the energetic solar protons lost their energy in the atmosphere. The aerosol layer formed precipitated quickly (1–2 km per day) during 18, 19, and 20 February 1984, and the increase of R(H) (backscattering ratio) at 17 km altitude reached 40% on 20/02/84. We present the model calculation of CN (condensation nuclei) altitude distribution on the basis of an ion-nucleation mechanism, taking into account the experimental energy distribution of incident solar protons. The meteorological situation during the event was also investigated.

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