Impact of atmospheric gravity waves on the Martian global water cycle during dust storms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shaposhnikov ◽  
Alexander Medvedev ◽  
Alexander Rodin ◽  
Paul Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity ◽  
Global Water

<p>Effects of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) on the global water cycle in the middle and high atmosphere of Mars during the global dust storms (Martian years 28 and 34) have been studied for the first time using a general circulation model. Dust storm simulations were compared with those utilizing the climatological distribution of dust in the absence of a GW parameterization. The dust storm scenarios are based on the observations of the dust optical depth by the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The simulations show that accounting for the influence of GWs leads to a change in the concentration of water vapor in the thermosphere. The most significant effect of GWs is twofold. First, cooling of the thermosphere at the poles leads to a decrease in the water vapor abundance during certain periods. Second, heating in the regions representing the main channels of water supply to the upper atmosphere (the so-called water "pump" mechanism) increases, on the contrary, its concentration. Since the temperature increase provides more intensive atmospheric mixing, and also expands the supply channel through an increase in saturation pressure. The dynamic balance of these basic mechanisms drives the changes in the distribution of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. Dust storms enhance pumping of water vapor into the upper atmosphere. Seasonal differences in the storm occurrences in different years allow for tracking the paths of water vapor transport to the upper atmosphere.</p>

scholarly journals On the role of dust storms in triggering atmospheric gravity waves observed in the middle atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Das ◽  
A. Taori ◽  
A. Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Atmospheric Perturbations ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity

Abstract. Lower atmospheric perturbations often produce measurable effects in the middle and upper atmosphere. The present study demonstrates the response of the middle atmospheric thermal structure to the significant enhancement of the lower atmospheric heating effect caused by dust storms observed over the Thar Desert, India. Our study from multi-satellite observations of two dust storm events that occurred on 3 and 8 May 2007 suggests that dust storm events produce substantial changes in the lower atmospheric temperatures as hot spots which can become sources for gravity waves observed in the middle atmosphere.

Propagation factors influencing observations of resonances of atmospheric gravity waves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zabotin ◽  
Oleg Godin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Packet ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Wave ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity

<p>Observations of the ionosphere with the airglow, GPS-TEC, and HF radar techniques reveal a resonance-kind response of the middle and upper atmosphere to broad-band excitation by earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and convective storms. The resonances occur at such frequencies that an atmospheric wave, which is radiated at the ground level and is reflected from a turning point in the middle or upper atmosphere, upon return to the ground level satisfies boundary conditions on the ground. The "buoyancy" resonances (resonances of atmospheric gravity waves) with periods from several minutes and up to several hours arise in addition to well-known "acoustic" resonances with periods of about 3–4 minutes. The buoyancy resonances occur on the gravity branch of the dispersion relation for the acoustic-gravity waves. Infragravity waves in the ocean covering the same frequency band may serve as an efficient source of excitation of the buoyancy resonances. We have obtained dispersion relations for buoyancy resonances earlier. In this paper we investigate the influence of specific propagation characteristics of the gravity waves (their oblique propagation and dissipative attenuation) on conditions of their observation. We use  asymptotic (WKB and ray tracing) methods to investigate relationship between the gravity wave skip distance and the dimensions of typical infragravity wave packets in the oceans and find that conditions can be met for interaction of the same atmospheric wave packet with the same ocean wave packet. The dissipative attenuation eliminates some of the resonance modes, but still many of them remain intact. We use numerical solutions of the full wave equation to confirm results obtained by asymptotic methods. Calculations of this kind demonstrate a possibility of resonance-like behavior of the gravity waves in situations when partial reflections (caused by extrema of the refractive index) appear in addition to the total reflection. Unlike acoustic resonances, buoyancy resonances exhibit high sensitivity to the wind velocity profile and its variations. Non-stationarity of the atmosphere is an important factor limiting possibilities to observe the buoyancy resonances. Nevertheless, relatively low threshold for meeting all other conditions for their appearance and temporal/geographical diversity of the atmosphere makes it still quite probable to see their manifestations. The resonances correspond to most efficient coupling between the atmosphere and its lower boundary and are promising for detection of such coupling.</p>

scholarly journals Rethinking How Water Circulates Between the Oceans and Land

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Global Water

A reexamination of the global water cycle shows that tropical coastlines exert a profound influence on atmospheric water circulation by wringing water vapor from the atmosphere.

THE VISCOUS DAMPING OF ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. V. Pitteway ◽  
C. O. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity

Dissipation produced by viscous damping and thermal conduction is important in the study of atmospheric gravity waves, which are themselves important in a study of "irregular" motions in the upper atmosphere. The mathematics of this damping is considered in some detail here, and charts are given to assess the effects of viscous damping and thermal conduction at meteor heights in the upper atmosphere. The results of this paper are consistent with the conclusions of an earlier analysis, insofar as the two overlap, and extend the range of conditions considered.

scholarly journals Preliminary Dual-Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Airglow

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jia Yue ◽  
Septi Perwitasari ◽  
Shuang Xu ◽  
Yuta Hozumi ◽  
Takuji Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Spectral Imager ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity

Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are among the important energy and momentum transfer mechanisms from the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. Despite their understood importance in governing the structure and dynamics of these regions, mesospheric AGWs remain poorly measured globally, and largely unconstrained in numerical models. Since late 2011, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day–night band (DNB) has observed global AGWs near the mesopause by virtue of its sensitivity to weak emissions of the OH* Meinel bands. The wave features, detectable at 0.75 km spatial resolution across its 3000 km imagery swath, are often confused by the upwelling emission of city lights and clouds reflecting downwelling nightglow. The Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere (IMAP)/ Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) O2 band, an independent measure of the AGW structures in nightglow based on the International Space Station (ISS) during 2012–2015, contains much less noise from the lower atmosphere. However, VISI offers much coarser resolution of 14–16 km and a narrower swath width of 600 km. Here, we present preliminary results of comparisons between VIIRS/DNB and VISI observations of AGWs, focusing on several concentric AGW events excited by the thunderstorms over Eastern Asia in August 2013. The comparisons point toward suggested improvements for future spaceborne airglow sensor designs targeting AGWs.

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