Temporal variations of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) derived from over a decade of IASI satellite measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Lieven Clarisse ◽  
Bruno Franco ◽  
Mark A Sutton ◽  
Jan Willem Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
National Trends ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) mission consists of a suite of three infrared sounders providing today over 13 years of consistent global measurements (from end of 2007 up to now). In this work we use the recently developed version 3 of the IASI NH<sub>3</sub> dataset to derive global, regional and national trends from 2008 to 2018. Reported national trends are analysed in the light of changing anthropogenic and pyrogenic NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, meteorological conditions and the impact of sulphur and nitrogen oxides emissions. A case study is dedicated to the Netherlands. Temporal variation on shorter timescales will also be investigated.</p>

scholarly journals Applying a Model for Trip Assignment and Dynamic Routing of Automated Taxis with Congestion: System Performance in the City of Delft, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (8) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia ◽  
Bart van Arem
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper proposes a method of assigning trips to automated taxis (ATs) and designing the routes of those vehicles in an urban road network, and also considering the traffic congestion caused by this dynamic responsive service. The system is envisioned to provide a seamless door-to-door service within a city area for all passenger origins and destinations. An integer programming model is proposed to define the routing of the vehicles according to a profit maximization function, depending on the dynamic travel times, which varies with the ATs’ flow. This will be especially important when the number of automated vehicles (AVs) circulating on the roads is high enough that their routing will cause delays. This system should be able to serve not only the reserved travel requests, but also some real-time requests. A rolling horizon scheme is used to divide one day into several periods in which both the real-time and the booked demand will be considered together. The model was applied to the real size case study city of Delft, the Netherlands. The results allow assessing of the impact of the ATs movements on traffic congestion and the profitability of the system. From this case-study, it is possible to conclude that taking into account the effect of the vehicle flows on travel time leads to changes in the system profit, the satisfied percentage and the driving distance of the vehicles, which highlights the importance of this type of model in the assessment of the operational effects of ATs in the future.

scholarly journals Our Bodies Our Voice: A case study on utilization of governance streams to change the policy for prevention of sexual violence in universities and the role of grassroots organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dictus ◽  
Elena Syurina
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Policy Window ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Impact

Sexual violence (SV) is an issue of global importance, with significant prevalence in the EU generally and the Netherlands in particular. Stigma and taboo often result in underreporting and exacerbate the already substantial mental health consequences of SV. Universities are recognized as high-risk settings, but in general awareness, response and prevention in Dutch universities have been limited. This article analyzes a case study of key events over a number of years resulting in policy change and active response in one university in the Netherlands, focusing on the impact and role of the Our Bodies Our Voice foundation, which started as a grassroots student initiative, using the Kingdon model of policy change. The aim is to make explicit how governance streams need to be aligned to place the issue of SV on the agenda of higher educational institutions, and findings highlight the importance of media coverage, advocacy, awareness raising and perseverance on the part of initiatives like OBOV, while building towards a policy window.

scholarly journals Impacts of Meteorological Uncertainties on the Haze Formation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) during Wintertime: A case study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
Rujin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Region Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the present study, a persistent heavy haze episode from 13 to 20 January 2014 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is simulated using the WRF-CHEM model through ensemble simulations to investigate impacts of meteorological initial uncertainties on the haze formation. Model results have shown that uncertainties in meteorological initial conditions substantially influence the aerosol constituent simulations at an observation site in Beijing, and the ratio of the ensemble spread to ensemble mean (RESM) exceeds 50 %. The ensemble mean generally preforms well in reproducing the fine particles (PM2.5) temporal variations and spatial distributions against measurements in BTH. The initial meteorological uncertainties do not alter the PM2.5 distribution pattern in BTH principally or dominate the haze formation and development, but remarkably affect the simulated PM2.5 level, and the RESM of PM2.5 concentrations can be up to 30 % at the region scale. In addition, the rather large RESM in PM2.5 simulations at the city scale also causes difficulties in implementation of the control strategies. Therefore, our results suggest that the ensemble simulation is imperative to avoid the impact of the initial meteorological uncertainties on the haze prediction.

scholarly journals Filling-in of near-infrared solar lines by terrestrial fluorescence and other geophysical effects: simulations and space-based observations from SCIAMACHY and GOSAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joiner ◽  
Y. Yoshida ◽  
A. P. Vasilkov ◽  
E. M. Middleton ◽  
P. K. E. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Global mapping of terrestrial vegetation fluorescence from space has recently been accomplished with high spectral resolution (ν/Δν > 35 000) measurements from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). These data are of interest because they can potentially provide global information on the functional status of vegetation including light-use efficiency and global primary productivity that can be used for global carbon cycle modeling. Quantifying the impact of fluorescence on the O2-A band is important as this band is used for photon pathlength characterization in cloud- and aerosol-contaminated pixels for trace-gas retrievals including CO2. Here, we examine whether fluorescence information can be derived from space using potentially lower-cost hyperspectral instrumentation, i.e., more than an order of magnitude less spectral resolution (ν/Δν ~ 1600) than GOSAT, with a relatively simple algorithm. We discuss laboratory measurements of fluorescence near one of the few wide and deep solar Fraunhofer lines in the long-wave tail of the fluorescence emission region, the calcium (Ca) II line at 866 nm that is observable with a spectral resolution of ~0.5 nm. The filling-in of the Ca II line due to additive signals from various atmospheric and terrestrial effects, including fluorescence, is simulated. We then examine filling-in of this line using the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument. In order to interpret the satellite measurements, we developed a general approach to correct for various instrumental artifacts that produce false filling-in of solar lines in satellite measurements. The approach is applied to SCIAMACHY at the 866 nm Ca II line and to GOSAT at 758 and 770 nm on the shoulders of the O2-A feature where there are several strong solar Fraunhofer lines that are filled in primarily by vegetation fluorescence. Finally, we compare temporal and spatial variations of SCIAMACHY additive signals with those of GOSAT and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Although the derived additive signals from SCIAMACHY are extremely weak at 866 nm, their spatial and temporal variations are consistent with chlorophyll a fluorescence or another vegetation-related source. We also show that filling-in occurs at 866 nm over some barren areas, possibly originating from luminescent minerals in rock and soil.

scholarly journals Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during wintertime: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14579-14591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Miriam Elser ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. In the present study, a persistent heavy haze episode from 13 to 20 January 2014 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) is simulated using the WRF-CHEM model through ensemble simulations to investigate impacts of meteorological uncertainties on the haze formation. Model results show that uncertainties in meteorological conditions substantially influence the aerosol constituent simulations at an observation site in Beijing, and the ratio of the ensemble spread to the ensemble mean (RESM) exceeds 50 %. The ensemble mean generally preforms well in reproducing the fine particles' (PM2.5) temporal variations and spatial distributions against measurements in BTH. The meteorological uncertainties do not alter the PM2.5 distribution pattern in BTH principally or dominate the haze formation and development, but remarkably affect the simulated PM2.5 level, and the RESM for the simulated PM2.5 concentrations can be up to 30 % at the regional scale. In addition, the rather large RESM in PM2.5 simulations at the city scale also causes difficulties in evaluation of the control strategies. Therefore, our results suggest that the ensemble simulation is imperative to take into account the impact of the meteorological uncertainties on the haze prediction.

Safety and Security in Nightlife Areas in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-227
Author(s):  
Mirjam Galetzka ◽  
Randy Bloeme ◽  
Peter W. de Vries ◽  
Manja Abraham ◽  
Joris Van Hoof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Public Behavior ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Groups

Nightlife areas aim to offer a hospitable environment for a public that is looking for entertainment but also produces nuisance. A recent paradigm shift focuses on changing public behavior rather than policing. This chapter describes two case studies from the Netherlands. The observations showed that at night the nightlife areas become an unofficial ‘festival zone' with large groups of tobacco smokers on the streets. Noise from these smokers (and friends) was identified as a major problem. Based on the lessons learned, a behavioral intervention approach is proposed that relies on multi-stakeholder participation and combines technology and choice architecture. The use of technology is relevant in several steps of the approach, and can be useful in facilitating behavior, reducing the impact of disruptive behavior, and monitoring the effectiveness of interventions. However, the Amsterdam case study also suggests that technology should rather be a small component of a broader positive behavioral and multi-stakeholder approach.

scholarly journals Transition economy and happiness the Czech Republic compared with the Netherlands in the 1990- 2004 period

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAC Van Ophem ◽  
V. Kohout ◽  
W.J.M. Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Subjective Health Status ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the subject Transition economy and happiness – a case study of the Czech Republic in a comparison with The Netherlands in the 1990- 2004 period. The paper addresses the following two questions: 1. How has the level of happiness changed since 1990 in the Czech Republic and in The Netherlands? 2. Are there differences with respect to variables that explain differences in happiness between both countries. It appears that. at the beginning of the 1990s of the last century, the Czechs were less happy than the Dutch and, that, people in the Czech Republic were less happy in 1999 than they were in 2004. Furthermore, Happiness in the Czech Republic is approaching the level of happiness in The Netherlands. In both countries happiness is positively affected by subjective health status, perceived freedom of choice over life, being married or living together and satisfaction with one’s financial situation and having trust in social institutions. But there are differences with respect to the impact of age, education and religion .

scholarly journals Evaluation of intervention strategies for a road link in the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Tyrone Adey ◽  
Nam Lethanh ◽  
Andreas Hartmann ◽  
Francesco Viti
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of the impact hierarchy and the optimization model to determine the optimal intervention strategy for a road link composed of multiple objects. The paper focusses on the results of a case study of intervention project on A20 road link in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Design/methodology/approach – The study was a case study research. It describes briefly the impact hierarchy and its link to the optimization model, and then focussed on analyzing the results obtained from running the model. In order to understand the influence of various factors affecting the results of optimization, sensitivity analysis was performed. Findings – The proposed hierarchy is suitable to be used to support the determination of optimal intervention strategies (OISs) for public road. From the case study, it was also realized that optimal intervention strategy can be changed due to not only intervention costs incurred by the owner, but also due to the setup of traffic configuration during the execution of interventions since the impacts incurred to users, directly affected public, and indirectly affected public are significantly different from one traffic configuration to the others. The optimal intervention strategy also depends greatly on the factors of deterioration during the operation of the infrastructure objects. Research limitations/implications – In the impact hierarchy, some impact factors are difficult to be quantified, e.g., the long-term economic impacts on the region where having intervention projects. The use of only exponential function for impacts could be oversimplified the actual behavior of the impacts. Other functional form should be investigated to be used within the framework of the optimization model. Practical implications – The proposed hierarchy and the optimization model could be used in practical situation for determination of OISs for multiple objects within a road link. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of stakeholder analysis in the field of infrastructure asset management. It also gives a guideline and tool for infrastructure administrators to select the OISs for their infrastructure network.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document