Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO2assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) mission consists of a suite of three infrared sounders providing today over 13 years of consistent global measurements (from end of 2007 up to now). In this work we use the recently developed version 3 of the IASI NH3 dataset to derive global, regional and national trends from 2008 to 2018. Reported national trends are analysed in the light of changing anthropogenic and pyrogenic NH3 emissions, meteorological conditions and the impact of sulphur and nitrogen oxides emissions. A case study is dedicated to the Netherlands. Temporal variation on shorter timescales will also be investigated.

Download Full-text

Applying a Model for Trip Assignment and Dynamic Routing of Automated Taxis with Congestion: System Performance in the City of Delft, The Netherlands

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118758048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2672 (8) ◽

pp. 588-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiao Liang ◽

Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia ◽

Bart van Arem

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Real Time ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Programming Model ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

The Real ◽

Real Size ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This paper proposes a method of assigning trips to automated taxis (ATs) and designing the routes of those vehicles in an urban road network, and also considering the traffic congestion caused by this dynamic responsive service. The system is envisioned to provide a seamless door-to-door service within a city area for all passenger origins and destinations. An integer programming model is proposed to define the routing of the vehicles according to a profit maximization function, depending on the dynamic travel times, which varies with the ATs’ flow. This will be especially important when the number of automated vehicles (AVs) circulating on the roads is high enough that their routing will cause delays. This system should be able to serve not only the reserved travel requests, but also some real-time requests. A rolling horizon scheme is used to divide one day into several periods in which both the real-time and the booked demand will be considered together. The model was applied to the real size case study city of Delft, the Netherlands. The results allow assessing of the impact of the ATs movements on traffic congestion and the profitability of the system. From this case-study, it is possible to conclude that taking into account the effect of the vehicle flows on travel time leads to changes in the system profit, the satisfied percentage and the driving distance of the vehicles, which highlights the importance of this type of model in the assessment of the operational effects of ATs in the future.

Download Full-text

Can the Deforestation Breeze Change the Rainfall in Amazonia? A Case Study for the BR-163 Highway Region

Earth Interactions ◽

10.1175/2010ei351.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sandra I. Saad ◽

Humberto R. da Rocha ◽

Maria A. F. Silva Dias ◽

Rafael Rosolem

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Atmospheric Modeling ◽

Thermal Cell ◽

Soil Wetness ◽

Soil Dryness ◽

Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽

The Impact

Abstract The authors simulated the effects of Amazonian mesoscale deforestation in the boundary layer and in rainfall with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) model. They found that both the area and shape (with respect to wind incidence) of deforestation and the soil moisture status contributed to the state of the atmosphere during the time scale of several weeks, with distinguishable patterns of temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Deforestation resulted in the development of a three-dimensional thermal cell, the so-called deforestation breeze, slightly shifted downwind to large-scale circulation. The boundary layer was warmer and drier above 1000-m height and was slightly wetter up to 2000-m height. Soil wetness affected the circulation energetics proportionally to the soil dryness (for soil wetness below ∼0.6). The shape of the deforestation controlled the impact on rainfall. The horizontal strips lined up with the prevailing wind showed a dominant increase in rainfall, significant up to about 60 000 km2. On the other hand, in the patches aligned in the opposite direction (north–south), there was both increase and decrease in precipitation in two distinct regions, as a result of clearly separated upward and downward branches, which caused the precipitation to increase for patches up to 15 000 km2. The authors’ estimates for the size of deforestation impacting the rainfall contributed to fill up the low spatial resolution in other previous studies.

Download Full-text

Our Bodies Our Voice: A case study on utilization of governance streams to change the policy for prevention of sexual violence in universities and the role of grassroots organizations

Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal ◽

10.32437/mhgcj.v1i2.58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Dictus ◽

Elena Syurina

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Policy Change ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Grassroots Organizations ◽

Policy Window ◽

Key Events ◽

The Impact

Sexual violence (SV) is an issue of global importance, with significant prevalence in the EU generally and the Netherlands in particular. Stigma and taboo often result in underreporting and exacerbate the already substantial mental health consequences of SV. Universities are recognized as high-risk settings, but in general awareness, response and prevention in Dutch universities have been limited. This article analyzes a case study of key events over a number of years resulting in policy change and active response in one university in the Netherlands, focusing on the impact and role of the Our Bodies Our Voice foundation, which started as a grassroots student initiative, using the Kingdon model of policy change. The aim is to make explicit how governance streams need to be aligned to place the issue of SV on the agenda of higher educational institutions, and findings highlight the importance of media coverage, advocacy, awareness raising and perseverance on the part of initiatives like OBOV, while building towards a policy window.

Download Full-text

A case study of the impact of boundary layer aerosol size distribution on the surface UV irradiance

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00322-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (30) ◽

pp. 5041-5051 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ülle Kikas ◽

Aivo Reinart ◽

Mai Vaht ◽

Uno Veismann

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Aerosol Size Distribution ◽

Uv Irradiance ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Integrating canopy and large-scale effects in the convective boundary-layer dynamics during the CHATS experiment

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-17-1623-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1623-1640 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Metodija M. Shapkalijevski ◽

Huug G. Ouwersloot ◽

Arnold F. Moene ◽

Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arrellano

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Convective Boundary Layer ◽

Friction Velocity ◽

Surface Fluxes ◽

Convective Boundary ◽

Diurnal Variability ◽

Drag Coefficients ◽

Boundary Layer Dynamics ◽

The Impact

Abstract. By characterizing the dynamics of a convective boundary layer above a relatively sparse and uniform orchard canopy, we investigated the impact of the roughness-sublayer (RSL) representation on the predicted diurnal variability of surface fluxes and state variables. Our approach combined numerical experiments, using an atmospheric mixed-layer model including a land-surface-vegetation representation, and measurements from the Canopy Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (CHATS) field experiment near Dixon, California. The RSL is parameterized using an additional factor in the standard Monin–Obukhov similarity theory flux-profile relationships that takes into account the canopy influence on the atmospheric flow. We selected a representative case characterized by southerly wind conditions to ensure well-developed RSL over the orchard canopy. We then investigated the sensitivity of the diurnal variability of the boundary-layer dynamics to the changes in the RSL key scales, the canopy adjustment length scale, Lc, and the β = u*/|U| ratio at the top of the canopy due to their stability and dependence on canopy structure. We found that the inclusion of the RSL parameterization resulted in improved prediction of the diurnal evolution of the near-surface mean quantities (e.g. up to 50 % for the wind velocity) and transfer (drag) coefficients. We found relatively insignificant effects on the modelled surface fluxes (e.g. up to 5 % for the friction velocity, while 3 % for the sensible and latent heat), which is due to the compensating effect between the mean gradients and the drag coefficients, both of which are largely affected by the RSL parameterization. When varying Lc (from 10 to 20 m) and β (from 0.25 to 0.4 m), based on observational evidence, the predicted friction velocity is found to vary by up to 25 % and the modelled surface-energy fluxes (sensible heat, SH, and latent heat of evaporation, LE) vary up to 2 and 9 %. Consequently, the boundary-layer height varies up to 6 %. Furthermore, our analysis indicated that to interpret the CHATS measurements above the canopy, the contributions of non-local effects such as entrainment, subsidence and the advection of heat and moisture over the CHATS site need to be taken into account.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics on Mountaintop Trace Gas Variability

10.18130/v39z7d ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Temple Lee

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Planetary Boundary Layer ◽

Trace Gas ◽

Boundary Layer Dynamics ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The Impact of Gradient Wind Imbalance on Tropical Cyclone Intensification within Ooyama’s Three-Layer Model

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-15-0336.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 3659-3679 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas Frisius ◽

Marguerite Lee

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Layer Model ◽

Free Atmosphere ◽

Gradient Wind ◽

Maximum Gradient ◽

Boundary Layer Model ◽

Advection Term ◽

Boundary Layer Dynamics ◽

The Impact

Abstract This paper addresses the validity of the gradient wind balance approximation during the intensification phase of a tropical cyclone in Ooyama’s three-layer model. For this purpose, the sensitivity to various model modifications is examined, given by the inclusion of (i) unbalanced dynamics in the free atmosphere, (ii) unbalanced dynamics in the slab boundary layer, (iii) a height-parameterized boundary layer model, and (iv) a rigid lid. The most rapid intensification occurs when the model employs the unbalanced slab boundary layer, while the simulation with the balanced boundary layer reveals the slowest intensification. The simulation with the realistic height-parameterized boundary layer model exhibits an intensification rate that lies in between. Intensification is induced by a convective ring in all experiments, but a distinct contraction of the radius of maximum gradient wind only takes place with unbalanced boundary layer dynamics. In all experiments the rigid lid and the balance approximation for the free atmosphere have no crucial impact on intensification, and a linear stability analysis cannot explain the found sensitivity to intensification. Most likely the nonlinear momentum advection term plays an important role in the boundary layer. It is found on the basis of a diagnostic radial mass flux equation that the source term for latent heat provides the largest contribution to intensification and contraction. Furthermore, it turns out that the position of the convective ring inside or outside of the radius of maximum gradient wind (RMGW) is of vital importance for intensification and most likely explains the large impact of boundary layer imbalance.

Download Full-text

Safety and Security in Nightlife Areas in the Netherlands

Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering - Transforming Urban Nightlife and the Development of Smart Public Spaces ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7004-3.ch013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 211-227

Author(s):

Mirjam Galetzka ◽

Randy Bloeme ◽

Peter W. de Vries ◽

Manja Abraham ◽

Joris Van Hoof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Small Component ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Public Behavior ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

The Impact ◽

Large Groups

Nightlife areas aim to offer a hospitable environment for a public that is looking for entertainment but also produces nuisance. A recent paradigm shift focuses on changing public behavior rather than policing. This chapter describes two case studies from the Netherlands. The observations showed that at night the nightlife areas become an unofficial ‘festival zone' with large groups of tobacco smokers on the streets. Noise from these smokers (and friends) was identified as a major problem. Based on the lessons learned, a behavioral intervention approach is proposed that relies on multi-stakeholder participation and combines technology and choice architecture. The use of technology is relevant in several steps of the approach, and can be useful in facilitating behavior, reducing the impact of disruptive behavior, and monitoring the effectiveness of interventions. However, the Amsterdam case study also suggests that technology should rather be a small component of a broader positive behavioral and multi-stakeholder approach.

Download Full-text