scholarly journals Meteo and hydrodynamic data in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo by the LIC Survey, winter and summer 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Mossa ◽  
Elvira Armenio ◽  
Mouldi Ben Meftah ◽  
Maria Francesca Bruno ◽  
Diana De Padova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Sea Currents ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models ◽  
Hydrodynamic Data

Abstract. The Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) of the DICATECh of the Polytechnic University of Bari (Italy) maintains a place-based research program in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo of Taranto (a coastal system in southern Italy), providing records of hydrodynamic and water-quality measurements. This site is one of the most complex marine ecosystem models in terms of ecological, social, and economic activities. It is considered highly vulnerable for the presence of the naval base, of the biggest refinery of Europe and of the oil refinery. Two fixed stations have been installed, one in the Mar Grande (MG station) and another in Mar Piccolo (MP station). In the MG station constituents include wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, net solar radiation, water salinity, water temperature, water pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, CDOM, crude oil and refined fuels, sea currents and waves. In the MP station constituents include water temperature, sea currents and waves. We provide a summary of how these data have been collected by the research group and how they can be used to deepen understanding of the hydrodynamic structures and characteristics of the basin. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4044121 (Mossa et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Meteorological and hydrodynamic data in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo, Italy, of the Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) Survey, winter and summer 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
Michele Mossa ◽  
Elvira Armenio ◽  
Mouldi Ben Meftah ◽  
Maria Francesca Bruno ◽  
Diana De Padova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Sea Currents

Abstract. The Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) of DICATECh of the Polytechnic University of Bari (Italy) maintains a place-based research programme in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo of Taranto (a coastal system in southern Italy), providing records of hydrodynamic and water-quality measurements. This site is one of the most complex marine ecosystem models in terms of ecological, social and economic activities. It is considered highly vulnerable because of the presence of a naval base, the biggest steel mill of Europe and an oil refinery. Two fixed stations have been installed, one in the Mar Grande (MG station) and another in Mar Piccolo (MP station). In the MG station constituents include wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, net solar radiation, water salinity, water temperature, water pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, CDOM, crude oil and refined fuels, sea currents, and waves. In the MP station constituents include water temperature, sea currents and waves. We provide a summary of how these data have been collected by the research group and how they can be used to deepen understanding of the hydrodynamic structures and characteristics of the basin. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4449641 (Mossa et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Disentangling diverse responses to climate change among global marine ecosystem models

2021 ◽  
pp. 102659
Author(s):  
Ryan F. Heneghan ◽  
Eric Galbraith ◽  
Julia L. Blanchard ◽  
Cheryl Harrison ◽  
Nicolas Barrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models

scholarly journals Determination of diurnal water level fluctuations in headwaters

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Marciniak ◽  
Anna Szczucińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations

The aim of this paper is to study diurnal fluctuations of the water level in streams draining headwaters and to identify the controlling factors. The fieldwork was carried out in the Gryżynka River catchment, western Poland. The water levels of three streams draining into the headwaters via a group of springs were monitored in the years 2011–2014. Changes in the water pressure and water temperature were recorded by automatic sensors – Schlumberger MiniDiver type. Simultaneously, Barodiver type sensors were used to record air temperature and atmospheric pressure, as it was necessary to adjust the data collected by the MiniDivers calculate the water level. The results showed that diurnal fluctuations in water level of the streams ranged from 2 to 4 cm (approximately 10% of total water depth) and were well correlated with the changes in evapotranspiration as well as air temperature. The observed water level fluctuations likely have resulted from processes occurring in the headwaters. Good correlation with atmospheric conditions indicates control by daily variations of the local climate. However, the relationship with water temperature suggests that fluctuations are also caused by changes in the temperature-dependent water viscosity and, consequently, by diurnal changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the hyporheic zone.

scholarly journals Distribution of mesozooplankton biomass in the global ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-919
Author(s):  
R. Moriarty ◽  
T. D. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Mesozooplankton Biomass ◽  
Carbon Biomass ◽  
Community Effort ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Mesozooplankton are cosmopolitan within the sunlit layers of the global ocean. They are important in the classical food web, having a significant feedback to primary production through their consumption of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. They are also the primary contributor to vertical particle flux in the oceans. Through both they affect the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other nutrients in the oceans. Little, however, is known about their global distribution and biomass. While global maps of mesozooplankton biomass do exist in the literature they are usually in the form of hand-drawn maps and the original data associated with these maps are not readily available. The dataset presented in this synthesis has been in development since the late 1990's, is an integral part of the Coastal & Oceanic Plankton Ecology, Production, & Observation Database (COPEPOD), and is now also part of a wider community effort to provide a global picture of carbon biomass data for key plankton functional types, in particular to support the development of marine ecosystem models. A total of 153 163 biomass values were collected, from a variety of sources, for mesozooplankton. Of those 2% were originally recorded as dry mass, 26% as wet mass, 5% as settled volume, and 68% as displacement volume. Using a variety of non-linear biomass conversions from the literature, the data have been converted from their original units to carbon biomass. Depth-integrated values were then used to calculate mesozooplankton global biomass. Global mesozooplankton biomass, to a depth of 200 m, had a mean of 5.9 μg C l−1, median of 2.7 μg C l−1 and a standard deviation of 10.6 μg C l−1. The global annual average estimate of mesozooplankton, based on the median value, was 0.19 Pg C. Biomass was highest in the Northern Hemisphere, but the general trend shows a slight decrease from polar oceans to temperate regions with values increasing again in the tropics. Gridded dataset http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.785501x.

scholarly journals An underwater light attenuation scheme for marine ecosystem models

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 16581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Penta ◽  
Zhongping Lee ◽  
Raphael M. Kudela ◽  
Sherry L. Palacios ◽  
Deric J. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Underwater Light ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models

scholarly journals Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 6955-6984 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Laufkötter ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
N. Gruber ◽  
M. Aita-Noguchi ◽  
O. Aumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models

Abstract. Past model studies have projected a global decrease in marine net primary production (NPP) over the 21st century, but these studies focused on the multi-model mean rather than on the large inter-model differences. Here, we analyze model-simulated changes in NPP for the 21st century under IPCC's high-emission scenario RCP8.5. We use a suite of nine coupled carbon–climate Earth system models with embedded marine ecosystem models and focus on the spread between the different models and the underlying reasons. Globally, NPP decreases in five out of the nine models over the course of the 21st century, while three show no significant trend and one even simulates an increase. The largest model spread occurs in the low latitudes (between 30° S and 30° N), with individual models simulating relative changes between −25 and +40 %. Of the seven models diagnosing a net decrease in NPP in the low latitudes, only three simulate this to be a consequence of the classical interpretation, i.e., a stronger nutrient limitation due to increased stratification leading to reduced phytoplankton growth. In the other four, warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the stronger nutrient limitation. However, temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in phytoplankton biomass and reduce NPP despite higher growth rates. One model projects a strong increase in NPP in the low latitudes, caused by an intensification of the microbial loop, while NPP in the remaining model changes by less than 0.5 %. While models consistently project increases NPP in the Southern Ocean, the regional inter-model range is also very substantial. In most models, this increase in NPP is driven by temperature, but it is also modulated by changes in light, macronutrients and iron as well as grazing. Overall, current projections of future changes in global marine NPP are subject to large uncertainties and necessitate a dedicated and sustained effort to improve the models and the concepts and data that guide their development.

scholarly journals Modelling Reef Fish Population Responses to Fisheries Restrictions in Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Varkey ◽  
Cameron H. Ainsworth ◽  
Tony J. Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models

Marine ecosystem models are used to investigate marine protected area (MPA) benefits for coral reef ecosystems located in Raja Ampat, in the heart of the Coral Triangle. Field data from an integrated and diverse research project is used to develop a spatial ecosystem model using Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace modelling software. The ecological and fisheries responses of a reef ecosystem to different levels of fishing effort restrictions inside MPAs are explored. The trade-offs of allowing some fisheries to operate inside the MPAs versus designating the MPAs as no-take zones are highlighted. The results show that rapid rebuilding of reef fish populations, especially the large charismatic species, requires no-take areas. Distinct trade-offs in spillover benefits are observed between partially fished and no-take MPAs.

scholarly journals Hydraulics of subglacial outburst floods: new insights from the Spring–Hutter formulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (165) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry K. C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Roughness ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Flood Magnitude ◽  
Manning Roughness ◽  
Fluid Potential

AbstractUsing a slightly modified form of the Spring–Hutter equations, glacial outburst floods are simulated from three classic sites, “Hazard Lake”, Yukon, Canada, Summit Lake, British Columbia, Canada, and Grímsvötn, Iceland, in order to calibrate the hydraulic roughness associated with subglacial conduits. Previous work has suggested that the Manning roughness of the conduits is remarkably high, but the new calibration yields substantially lower values that are representative of those for natural streams and rivers. The discrepancy can be traced to a poor assumption about the effectiveness of heat transfer at the conduit walls. The simulations reveal behaviour that cannot be inferred from simplified theories: (1) During flood onset, water pressure over much of the conduit can exceed the confining pressure of surrounding ice. (2) Local values of fluid potential gradient can differ substantially from the value averaged over the length of the conduit, contradicting an assumption of simple theories. (3) As the flood progresses, the location of flow constrictions that effectively control the flood magnitude can jump rapidly over large distances. (4) Predicted water temperature at the conduit outlet exceeds that suggested by measurements of exit water temperature.

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