scholarly journals Meteorological and hydrodynamic data in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo, Italy, of the Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) Survey, winter and summer 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
Michele Mossa ◽  
Elvira Armenio ◽  
Mouldi Ben Meftah ◽  
Maria Francesca Bruno ◽  
Diana De Padova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Sea Currents

Abstract. The Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) of DICATECh of the Polytechnic University of Bari (Italy) maintains a place-based research programme in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo of Taranto (a coastal system in southern Italy), providing records of hydrodynamic and water-quality measurements. This site is one of the most complex marine ecosystem models in terms of ecological, social and economic activities. It is considered highly vulnerable because of the presence of a naval base, the biggest steel mill of Europe and an oil refinery. Two fixed stations have been installed, one in the Mar Grande (MG station) and another in Mar Piccolo (MP station). In the MG station constituents include wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, net solar radiation, water salinity, water temperature, water pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, CDOM, crude oil and refined fuels, sea currents, and waves. In the MP station constituents include water temperature, sea currents and waves. We provide a summary of how these data have been collected by the research group and how they can be used to deepen understanding of the hydrodynamic structures and characteristics of the basin. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4449641 (Mossa et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Meteo and hydrodynamic data in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo by the LIC Survey, winter and summer 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Mossa ◽  
Elvira Armenio ◽  
Mouldi Ben Meftah ◽  
Maria Francesca Bruno ◽  
Diana De Padova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Sea Currents ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models ◽  
Hydrodynamic Data

Abstract. The Coastal Engineering Laboratory (LIC) of the DICATECh of the Polytechnic University of Bari (Italy) maintains a place-based research program in the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo of Taranto (a coastal system in southern Italy), providing records of hydrodynamic and water-quality measurements. This site is one of the most complex marine ecosystem models in terms of ecological, social, and economic activities. It is considered highly vulnerable for the presence of the naval base, of the biggest refinery of Europe and of the oil refinery. Two fixed stations have been installed, one in the Mar Grande (MG station) and another in Mar Piccolo (MP station). In the MG station constituents include wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, net solar radiation, water salinity, water temperature, water pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, CDOM, crude oil and refined fuels, sea currents and waves. In the MP station constituents include water temperature, sea currents and waves. We provide a summary of how these data have been collected by the research group and how they can be used to deepen understanding of the hydrodynamic structures and characteristics of the basin. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4044121 (Mossa et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Determination of diurnal water level fluctuations in headwaters

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Marciniak ◽  
Anna Szczucińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations

The aim of this paper is to study diurnal fluctuations of the water level in streams draining headwaters and to identify the controlling factors. The fieldwork was carried out in the Gryżynka River catchment, western Poland. The water levels of three streams draining into the headwaters via a group of springs were monitored in the years 2011–2014. Changes in the water pressure and water temperature were recorded by automatic sensors – Schlumberger MiniDiver type. Simultaneously, Barodiver type sensors were used to record air temperature and atmospheric pressure, as it was necessary to adjust the data collected by the MiniDivers calculate the water level. The results showed that diurnal fluctuations in water level of the streams ranged from 2 to 4 cm (approximately 10% of total water depth) and were well correlated with the changes in evapotranspiration as well as air temperature. The observed water level fluctuations likely have resulted from processes occurring in the headwaters. Good correlation with atmospheric conditions indicates control by daily variations of the local climate. However, the relationship with water temperature suggests that fluctuations are also caused by changes in the temperature-dependent water viscosity and, consequently, by diurnal changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the hyporheic zone.

scholarly journals Hydraulics of subglacial outburst floods: new insights from the Spring–Hutter formulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (165) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry K. C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Roughness ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Flood Magnitude ◽  
Manning Roughness ◽  
Fluid Potential

AbstractUsing a slightly modified form of the Spring–Hutter equations, glacial outburst floods are simulated from three classic sites, “Hazard Lake”, Yukon, Canada, Summit Lake, British Columbia, Canada, and Grímsvötn, Iceland, in order to calibrate the hydraulic roughness associated with subglacial conduits. Previous work has suggested that the Manning roughness of the conduits is remarkably high, but the new calibration yields substantially lower values that are representative of those for natural streams and rivers. The discrepancy can be traced to a poor assumption about the effectiveness of heat transfer at the conduit walls. The simulations reveal behaviour that cannot be inferred from simplified theories: (1) During flood onset, water pressure over much of the conduit can exceed the confining pressure of surrounding ice. (2) Local values of fluid potential gradient can differ substantially from the value averaged over the length of the conduit, contradicting an assumption of simple theories. (3) As the flood progresses, the location of flow constrictions that effectively control the flood magnitude can jump rapidly over large distances. (4) Predicted water temperature at the conduit outlet exceeds that suggested by measurements of exit water temperature.

scholarly journals Water temperature and timing of capelin spawning determine seabird diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail K. Davoren ◽  
Paulette Penton ◽  
Chantelle Burke ◽  
William A. Montevecchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Common Murres ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Spawning Sites ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Abstract Davoren, G. K., Penton, P., Burke, C., and Montevecchi, W. A. 2012. Water temperature and timing of capelin spawning determine seabird diets. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The capelin (Mallotus villosus) is the focal forage fish in many northern marine ecosystems. Its capacity to respond to changes in ocean climate is explored and the usefulness of seabird diets as indicators evaluated by integrating the timing of capelin spawning and temperature (0–150 m) during gonadal development (February–June) with colony-based measures of prey deliveries to chicks of common murres (Uria aalge) and northern gannets (Morus bassanus) on the east coast of Newfoundland during the years 1991–1993 and 2003–2010. Great variation was observed in the timing of spawning, with similar annual trends in different regions of coastal Newfoundland. Spawning was later in years of colder-than-average temperature, although the importance of other variables (e.g. fish size) could not be ruled out. The relationship between temperature during gonadal development and timing of spawning was weak at demersal spawning sites, suggesting that timing may be regulated by other factors (e.g. temperature at spawning sites). When spawning was early in warmer years relative to chick-rearing, common murres delivered a lower percentage of energy-rich gravid capelin to their chicks and northern gannets delivered a lower percentage of capelin. Integrating multiple data sources will be important to monitor marine ecosystem health as ocean climate changes.

scholarly journals Impact of global change on coastal hypoxia

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 14889-14943 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Meire ◽  
K. E. R. Soetaert ◽  
F. J. R. Meysman
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Nutrient Loadings ◽  
The North ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract. Coastal hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen concentration in coastal waters, is becoming more prominent on a global scale. Changes in climate and nutrient loadings are two aspects of global change that are expected to profoundly impact coastal hypoxia. We investigated the role of these drivers on the evolution of hypoxia in a stratified, temperate coastal system using a one-dimensional model. The model couples three submodels, describing the physical characteristics, the pelagic ecosystem and benthic diagenesis. The model is calibrated for the Central North Sea but the model approach is generic, and can be applied in stratified coastal ecosystems. Our results indicate that the projected changes in climatological conditions for the North Sea over the next 100 yr will increase the risk of hypoxia. On average the oxygen concentration is predicted to decrease by 17 μM, mostly due to a reduced solubility at higher water temperature (responsible for 65% of the decrease). Increased stratification (22%) and enhanced biological rates due to higher water temperature (13%) also affect the future oxygen concentration. Nutrient loadings also have a strong effect on the occurrence of hypoxia. Decreasing nutrient concentrations strongly decreases the probability of hypoxic events, stressing the importance of continued extensive eutrophication management to mitigate the effect of increased temperature.

Study on one Dimensional Numerical Simulation in Filling Stage of Water-Assisted Injection Molding

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Qing Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Short Shot ◽  
Temperature Water

Water assisted injection molding is a pretty novel way to fabricate hollow or more complicated parts. Its molding window and process control are more critical and difficult since additional processing parameters are involved. A simulation model for the filling stage of a pipe cavity during short-shot water assisted injection molding was proposed. The finite element/finite difference/control volume methods were adopted for the numerical simulation. A numerical study, based on the single factor method, was conducted to characterize the effect of different processing parameters on the short shot water-assisted injection-molding of thermoplastic composites, including short-shot size, melt temperature, mold temperature, water temperature and water pressure. For the factors selected in the simulations, short-shot size was found to be the principal parameters affecting the water penetration length while melt temperature, mold temperature, water temperature, water pressure were found to have little effect on the penetration of water.

scholarly journals Use of a hydrodynamic model for the management of water renovation in a coastal system

Ocean Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Pablo Cerralbo ◽  
Marta F.-Pedrera Balsells ◽  
Marc Mestres ◽  
Margarita Fernandez ◽  
Manuel Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Regional Ocean Modeling System ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Open Sea

Abstract. In this contribution we investigate the hydrodynamic response in Alfacs Bay (Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean Sea) to different anthropogenic modifications in freshwater flows and inner bay–open sea connections. The fresh water coming from rice field irrigation contains nutrients and pesticides and therefore affects in multiple ways the productivity and water quality of the bay. The application of a nested oceanographic circulation modelling suite within the bay provides objective information to solve water quality problems that are becoming more acute due to temperature and phytoplankton concentration peaks during the summer period when seawater may exceed 28 ∘C, leading to high rates of mussel mortality and therefore a significant impact on the local economy. The effects of different management “solutions” (like a connection channel between the inner bay and open sea) are hydrodynamically modelled in order to diminish residence times (e-flushing time) and water temperatures. The modelling system, based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), consists of a set of nested domains using data from CMEMS-IBI for the initial and open boundary conditions (coarser domain). One full year (2014) of simulation is used to validate the results, showing low errors with sea surface temperature (SST) and good agreement with surface currents. Finally, a set of twin numerical experiments during the summer period (when the water temperature reaches 28 ∘C) is used to analyse the effects of proposed nature-based interventions. Although these actions modify water temperature in the water column, the decrease in SST is not enough to avoid high temperatures during some days and prevent eventual mussel mortality during summer in the shallowest regions. However, the proposed management actions reveal their effectiveness in diminishing water residence times along the entire bay, thus preventing the inner areas from having poor water renewal and the corresponding ecological problems.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Water Pressure and Temperature Influence on Atomization and Evolution of a Port Water Injection Spray

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5980
Author(s):  
Lucio Postrioti ◽  
Gabriele Brizi ◽  
Gian Marco Finori
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Temperature Levels

Port water injection (PWI) is considered one of the most promising technologies to actively control the increased knock tendency of modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, which are rapidly evolving with the adoption of high compression ratios and increased brake mean effective pressure levels in the effort to improve their thermal efficiency. For PWI technology, appropriately matching the spray evolution and the intake system design along with obtaining a high spray atomization quality, are crucial tasks for promoting water evaporation so as to effectively cool down the air charge with moderate water consumption and lubricant dilution drawbacks. In the present paper, a detailed experimental analysis of a low-pressure water spray is presented, covering a lack of experimental data on automotive PWI systems. Phase doppler anemometry and fast-shutter spray imaging allowed us to investigate the influence exerted by the injection pressure level and by the water temperature on spray drop size and global shape, obtaining a complete database to be used for the optimization of PWI systems. The obtained results evidence how significant benefits in terms of atomization quality can be obtained by adopting injection pressure and water temperature levels compliant with standard low injection pressure technologies.

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