Towards sustainable community: Effort to reduce flood risk and increase well-being in a densely populated flood-prone area

Dealing with flooding in a densely populated flood-prone area poses complex challenges. Almost all residents realize that living in the area is hazardous. However, they choose to stay there. Therefore, flood risk management should be applied in the area. This study aims to: 1) develop facts of the local community in a flood-prone area in decreasing the flood risk while improving well-being through modifying drainage channels used for fish and vegetable farming; 2) evaluate all benefits of drainage investments include the social and economic benefits. The research method consists of a quantitative approach through the distribution of questionnaires and a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field surveys. In this study, a concerted community effort was developed as a design parameter. At the same time, the observation parameters include knowledge of the causes of flooding, knowledge of flood risk, community involvement, and government flood control programs. The results showed that the strength of concerted community effort was significantly influenced by the knowledge of flood risk and the local community involvement. This effort can decrease the flood risk by up to 30% and serve direct financial benefits of IDR 48 million in a year.

Advances in the application and utility of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions

The subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictive timescale, encompassing lead times ranging from 2 weeks to a season, is at the frontier of forecasting science. Forecasts on this timescale provide opportunities for enhanced application-focused capabilities to complement existing weather and climate services and products. There is, however, a ‘knowledge-value’ gap, where a lack of evidence and awareness of the potential socio-economic benefits of S2S forecasts limits their wider uptake. To address this gap, here we present the first global community effort at summarizing relevant applications of S2S forecasts to guide further decision-making and support the continued development of S2S forecasts and related services. Focusing on 12 sectoral case studies spanning public health, agriculture, water resource management, renewable energy and utilities, and emergency management and response, we draw on recent advancements to explore their application and utility. These case studies mark a significant step forward in moving from potential to actual S2S forecasting applications. We show that by placing user needs at the forefront of S2S forecast development – demonstrating both skill and utility across sectors – this dialogue can be used to help promote and accelerate the awareness, value and co-generation of S2S forecasts. We also highlight that while S2S forecasts are increasingly gaining interest among users, incorporating probabilistic S2S forecasts into existing decision-making operations is not trivial. Nevertheless, S2S forecasting represents a significant opportunity to generate useful, usable and actionable forecast applications for and with users that will increasingly unlock the potential of this forecasting timescale.

Compilation of Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) sea level indicators in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, and the east coast of Florida, USA

This paper provides a summary of published sea level archives representing the past position of sea level during the Last Interglacial sea level highstand in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, and the eastern (Atlantic) coast of Florida, USA. These data were assembled as part of a community effort to build the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database. Shallow marine deposits from this sea level highstand are widespread across the region and are dominated by carbonate sedimentary features. In addition to depositional (constructional) sedimentary indicators of past sea level position, there is also evidence of erosion, dissolution, and/or subaerial exposure in places that can place an upper limit on the position of sea level. The sea level indicators that have been observed within this region and attributed to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e include corals, oolites, and other coastal sedimentary features. Here we compile a total of 50 relative sea level indicators including 36 in the Bahamas, three in West Caicos, and a remaining 10 for the eastern seaboard of Florida. We have also compiled U-Th age data for 24 fossil corals and 56 oolite samples. While some of these archives have been dated using U-Th disequilibrium methods, amino acid racemization, or optically stimulated luminescence, other features have more uncertain ages that have been deduced in the context of regional mapping and stratigraphy. Sedimentary archives in this region that constrain the elevation of the past position of sea level are associated with uncertainties that range from a couple decimeters to several meters. Across the Bahamas and on West Caicos, one of the observations that emerges from this compilation is that estimation of sea level position in this region during Marine Isotope Stage 5e is complicated by widespread stratigraphic evidence for at least one sea level oscillation. This evidence is defined by submarine features separated by erosion and subaerial exposure, meaning that there were likely multiple distinct peaks in sea level rather than just one. To this end, the timing of these individual sea level indicators becomes important when compiling and comparing data across the region given that different archives may have formed during different sub-orbital peaks in sea level.

Multisectoral awareness and acceptability of the VMGO and meaning making of the vision and mission

An institution's programs, activities, initiatives, and other institutionally-related undertakings would be transformed into the most renowned globally-acknowledged worldwide standards in light of the vision-mission. The survey on the awareness and acceptability of the University's Revised Vision-Mission, as well as the College of Teacher Education and Graduate School Program Goals and Program Objectives and Outcomes, demonstrates the awareness and acceptability of the University's Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives, as well as the University Core Values. It also includes translations of the new vision and mission from English to Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino, Ilocano, and Ibanag by the statekholders of the new vision and purpose. Significantly, by translating the VGMO, the university is expanding worldwide, emphasizing the importance of academic and community effort as it materializes the programs that will propel the institution forward.

A community effort to assess and improve computerized interpretation of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram

Computerized interpretation of electrocardiogram plays an important role in daily cardiovascular healthcare. However, inaccurate interpretations lead to misdiagnoses and delay proper treatments. In this work, we built a high-quality Chinese 12-lead resting electrocardiogram dataset with 15,357 records, and called for a community effort to improve the performances of CIE through the China ECG AI Contest 2019. This dataset covers most types of ECG interpretations, including the normal type, 8 common abnormal types, and the other type which includes both uncommon abnormal and noise signals. Based on the Contest, we systematically assessed and analyzed a set of top-performing methods, most of which are deep neural networks, with both their commonalities and characteristics. This study establishes the benchmarks for computerized interpretation of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram and provides insights for the development of new methods.

Modelling Agroforestry’s Contributions to People—A Review of Available Models

Climate change, increasing environmental pollution, continuous loss of biodiversity, and a growing human population with increasing food demand, threaten the functioning of agro-ecosystems and their contribution to people and society. Agroforestry systems promise a number of benefits to enhance nature’s contributions to people. There are a wide range of agroforestry systems implemented representing different levels of establishment across the globe. This range and the long time periods for the establishment of these systems make empirical assessments of impacts on ecosystem functions difficult. In this study we investigate how simulation models can help to assess and predict the role of agroforestry in nature’s contributions. The review of existing models to simulate agroforestry systems reveals that most models predict mainly biomass production and yield. Regulating ecosystem services are mostly considered as a means for the assessment of yield only. Generic agroecosystem models with agroforestry extensions provide a broader scope, but the interaction between trees and crops is often addressed in a simplistic way. The application of existing models for agroforestry systems is particularly hindered by issues related to code structure, licences or availability. Therefore, we call for a community effort to connect existing agroforestry models with ecosystem effect models towards an open-source, multi-effect agroforestry modelling framework.

SeaFlux: harmonization of air–sea CO₂ fluxes from surface <i>p</i>CO₂ data products using a standardized approach

Air–sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle and the climate system with the ocean removing about a quarter of the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere by human activities over the last decade. A common approach to estimate this net flux of CO2 across the air–sea interface is the use of surface ocean CO2 observations and the computation of the flux through a bulk parameterization approach. Yet, the details for how this is done in order to arrive at a global ocean CO2 uptake estimate vary greatly, enhancing the spread of estimates. Here we introduce the ensemble data product, SeaFlux (Gregor and Fay, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5482547​​​​​​​, https://github.com/luke-gregor/pySeaFlux, last access: 9 September 2021​​​​​​​); this resource enables users to harmonize an ensemble of products that interpolate surface ocean CO2 observations to near-global coverage with a common methodology to fill in missing areas in the products. Further, the dataset provides the inputs to calculate fluxes in a consistent manner. Utilizing six global observation-based mapping products (CMEMS-FFNN, CSIR-ML6, JENA-MLS, JMA-MLR, MPI-SOMFFN, NIES-FNN), the SeaFlux ensemble approach adjusts for methodological inconsistencies in flux calculations. We address differences in spatial coverage of the surface ocean CO2 between the mapping products, which ultimately yields an increase in CO2 uptake of up to 17 % for some products. Fluxes are calculated using three wind products (CCMPv2, ERA5, and JRA55). Application of a scaled gas exchange coefficient has a greater impact on the resulting flux than solely the choice of wind product. With these adjustments, we present an ensemble of global surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea carbon flux estimates. This work aims to support the community effort to perform model–data intercomparisons which will help to identify missing fluxes as we strive to close the global carbon budget.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Common Cold di Apotek X Kabupaten Nganjuk

Common cold or salesmas is an upper respiratory tranct infection caused by a virus. Therapy of the common cold can be done through self-medication. Self-medication is a form of community effort to maintain and increase health level. Self-medication requires good knowledge to result good behavior. This study aims to determine the corelation between knowledge on the behavior of self-medication of common cold in apotek x Nganjuk regency. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional research design with data collection through knowledge and behavior questionnaires. From the research results obtained 104 research respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results obtained are high level of knowledge (59.6%), moderate (38.5%), low (1.9%), for the level of good behavior (73.1%), moderate (24.0%), less (2.9%). The significance value obtained is 0.000 and and the value of the correlation coefficient with a strong positive correlation direction of 0.513 which means that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge on the behavior of self-medication of common cold in apotek x in Nganjuk regency.

Systematic assessment of long-read RNA-seq methods for transcript identification and quantification

With increased usage of long-read sequencing technologies to perform transcriptome analyses, there becomes a greater need to evaluate different methodologies including library preparation, sequencing platform, and computational analysis tools. Here, we report the study design of a community effort called the Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project (LRGASP) Consortium, whose goals are characterizing the strengths and remaining challenges in using long-read approaches to identify and quantify the transcriptomes of both model and non-model organisms. The LRGASP organizers have generated cDNA and direct RNA datasets in human, mouse, and manatee samples using different protocols followed by sequencing on Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. Participants will use the provided data to submit predictions for three challenges: transcript isoform detection with a high-quality genome, transcript isoform quantification, and de novo transcript isoform identification. Evaluators from different institutions will determine which pipelines have the highest accuracy for a variety of metrics using benchmarks that include spike-in synthetic transcripts, simulated data, and a set of undisclosed, manually curated transcripts by GENCODE. We also describe plans for experimental validation of predictions that are platform-specific and computational tool-specific. We believe that a community effort to evaluate long-read RNA-seq methods will help move the field toward a better consensus on the best approaches to use for transcriptome analyses.

Reproducibility Practice in High Performance Computing: Community Survey Results

The integrity of science and engineering research is grounded in assumptions of rigor and transparency on the part of those engaging in such research. HPC community effort to strengthen rigor and transparency take the form of reproducibility efforts. In a recent survey of the SC conference community, we collected information about the SC Reproducibility Initiative activities. We present the survey results in this paper. Results show that the reproducibility initiative activities have contributed to higher levels of awareness on the part of SC conference technical program participants, and hint at contributing to greater scientific impact for the published papers of the SC conference series. Stringent point-of-manuscript-submission verification is problematic for reasons we point out, as are inherent difficulties of computational reproducibility in HPC. Future efforts should better decouple the community educational goals from goals that specifically strengthen a research work’s potential for long-term impact through reuse 5-10 years down the road.