scholarly journals The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Massicotte ◽  
Rainer Amon ◽  
David Antoine ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Sergio Balzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Biogeochemical Fluxes ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Broken Ice

Abstract. The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south-north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/75345 (Massicotte2020b).

scholarly journals The MALINA oceanographic expedition: how do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1592
Author(s):  
Philippe Massicotte ◽  
Rainer M. W. Amon ◽  
David Antoine ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Sergio Balzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Broken Ice

Abstract. The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south–north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/75345 (Massicotte et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Massicotte ◽  
Rémi Amiraux ◽  
Marie-Pier Amyot ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Mathieu Ardyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Landfast Sea Ice

Abstract. The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and the fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797N, 63.7895W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea ice cover from the surface to the bottom at 360 m depth to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables such as temperature, salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at http://www.seanoe.org/data/00487/59892/ (Massicotte et al., 2019a).

scholarly journals Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Massicotte ◽  
Rémi Amiraux ◽  
Marie-Pier Amyot ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Mathieu Ardyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Landfast Sea Ice

Abstract. The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).

scholarly journals Biotic vs. abiotic forcing on plankton assemblages varies with season and size class in a large temperate estuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens ◽  
Stephen Bollens ◽  
Eric Dexter ◽  
Jeffery Cordell
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Lower Estuary

Abstract Large river estuaries experience multiple anthropogenic stressors. Understanding plankton community dynamics in these estuaries provides insights into the patterns of natural variability and effects of human activity. We undertook a 2-year study in the Columbia River Estuary to assess the potential impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on planktonic community structure over multiple time scales. We measured microplankton and zooplankton abundance, biomass and composition monthly, concurrent with measurements of chlorophyll a, nutrient concentrations, temperature and salinity, from a dock in the lower estuary. We then statistically assessed the associations among the abundances of planktonic groups and environmental and biological factors. During the late spring high flow period of both years, the lower estuary was dominated by freshwater and low salinity-adapted planktonic taxa, and zooplankton grazers were more strongly associated with the autotroph-dominated microplankton assemblage than abiotic factors. During the early winter period of higher salinity and lower flow, nutrient (P) availability exerted a strong influence on microplankton taxa, while only temperature and upwelling strength were associated with the zooplankton assemblage. Our results indicate that the relative influence of biotic (grazers) and abiotic (salinity, flow, nutrients and upwelling) factors varies seasonally and inter-annually, and among different size classes in the estuarine food web.

scholarly journals On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Clement Kinney ◽  
Karen M. Assmann ◽  
Wieslaw Maslowski ◽  
Göran Björk ◽  
Martin Jakobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters the Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean, the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume transport modulated by the wind field. In this contribution, we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high-nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transport referenced to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature–salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modelling results are applied. According to model results, high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs to be monitored over a longer time frame to deduce the temporal variability and potential trends.

scholarly journals The polar night shift: seasonal dynamics and drivers of Arctic Ocean microbiomes revealed by autonomous sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wietz ◽  
Christina Bienhold ◽  
Katja Metfies ◽  
Sinhué Torres-Valdés ◽  
Wilken-Jon von Appen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean features extreme seasonal differences in daylight, temperature, ice cover, and mixed layer depth. However, the diversity and ecology of microbes across these contrasting environmental conditions remain enigmatic. Here, using autonomous samplers and sensors deployed at two mooring sites, we portray an annual cycle of microbial diversity, nutrient concentrations and physical oceanography in the major hydrographic regimes of the Fram Strait. The ice-free West Spitsbergen Current displayed a marked separation into a productive summer (dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria) and regenerative winter state (dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria, and archaea). The autumn post-bloom with maximal nutrient depletion featured Coscinodiscophyceae, Rhodobacteraceae (e.g. Amylibacter) and the SAR116 clade. Winter replenishment of nitrate, silicate and phosphate, linked to vertical mixing and a unique microbiome that included Magnetospiraceae and Dadabacteriales, fueled the following phytoplankton bloom. The spring-summer succession of Phaeocystis, Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Aurantivirga, Formosa, Polaribacter and NS lineages, indicating metabolic relationships. In the East Greenland Current, deeper sampling depth, ice cover and polar water masses concurred with weaker seasonality and a stronger heterotrophic signature. The ice-related winter microbiome comprised Bacillaria, Naviculales, Polarella, Chrysophyceae and Flavobacterium ASVs. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while others such as Phaeocystis increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters microbiome structure and eventually the biological carbon pump. These insights promote the understanding of microbial seasonality and polar night ecology in the Arctic Ocean, a region severely affected by climate change.

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