scholarly journals Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2169-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Orr ◽  
Raymond G. Najjar ◽  
Olivier Aumont ◽  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
John L. Bullister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
Forced Simulation ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) focuses on the physics and biogeochemistry of the ocean component of Earth system models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). OMIP aims to provide standard protocols and diagnostics for ocean models, while offering a forum to promote their common assessment and improvement. It also offers to compare solutions of the same ocean models when forced with reanalysis data (OMIP simulations) vs. when integrated within fully coupled Earth system models (CMIP6). Here we detail simulation protocols and diagnostics for OMIP's biogeochemical and inert chemical tracers. These passive-tracer simulations will be coupled to ocean circulation models, initialized with observational data or output from a model spin-up, and forced by repeating the 1948–2009 surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. These so-called OMIP-BGC simulations include three inert chemical tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6) and biogeochemical tracers (e.g., dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon isotopes, alkalinity, nutrients, and oxygen). Modelers will use their preferred prognostic BGC model but should follow common guidelines for gas exchange and carbonate chemistry. Simulations include both natural and total carbon tracers. The required forced simulation (omip1) will be initialized with gridded observational climatologies. An optional forced simulation (omip1-spunup) will be initialized instead with BGC fields from a long model spin-up, preferably for 2000 years or more, and forced by repeating the same 62-year meteorological forcing. That optional run will also include abiotic tracers of total dissolved inorganic carbon and radiocarbon, CTabio and 14CTabio, to assess deep-ocean ventilation and distinguish the role of physics vs. biology. These simulations will be forced by observed atmospheric histories of the three inert gases and CO2 as well as carbon isotope ratios of CO2. OMIP-BGC simulation protocols are founded on those from previous phases of the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project. They have been merged and updated to reflect improvements concerning gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and new data for initial conditions and atmospheric gas histories. Code is provided to facilitate their implementation.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Orr ◽  
Raymond G. Najjar ◽  
Olivier Aumount ◽  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
John L. Bullister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
Forced Simulation ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) focuses on the physics and biogeochemistry of the ocean component of Earth System Models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). OMIP aims to provide standard protocols and diagnostics for ocean models, while offering a forum to promote their common assessment and improvement. It also offers to compare solutions of the same ocean models when forced with reanalysis data (OMIP simulations) versus when integrated within fully coupled Earth System Models (CMIP6). Here we detail simulation protocols and diagnostics for OMIP's biogeochemical and inert chemical tracers. These passive-tracer simulations will be coupled online to ocean circulation models, initialized with observational data or output from a model spin up, and forced by repeating the 1948–2009 surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. These so-called OMIP-BGC simulations include three inert chemical tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6 and biogeochemical tracers (e.g., dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon isotopes, alkalinity, nutrients, and oxygen). Modelers will use their preferred prognostic BGC model but should follow common guidelines for gas exchange and carbonate chemistry. Simulations include both natural and total carbon tracers. The required forced simulation (omip1) will be initialized with gridded observational climatologies. An optional forced simulation (omip1-spunup) will be initialized instead with BGC fields from a long model spin up, preferably for 2000 years or more and forced by repeating the same 62-year meteorological forcing. That optional run will also include abiotic tracers of total dissolved inorganic carbon and radiocarbon, CTabio and 14CTabio, to assess deep-ocean ventilation and distinguish the role of physics vs. biology. These simulations will be forced by observed atmospheric histories of the three inert gases and CO2 as well as carbon isotope ratios of CO2. OMIP-BGC simulation protocols are founded on those from previous phases of the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project. They have been merged and updated to reflect improvements concerning gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and new data for initial conditions and atmospheric gas histories. Code is provided to facililtate their implementation.

scholarly journals CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (OMIP1)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong ◽  
Jiangbo Jin ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Intercomparison Project

AbstractAs a member of the Chinese modeling groups, the coupled ocean-ice component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Earth System Model, version 2.0 (CAS-ESM2.0), is taking part in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (OMIP1) experiment of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The simulation was conducted, and monthly outputs have been published on the ESGF (Earth System Grid Federation) data server. In this paper, the experimental dataset is introduced, and the preliminary performances of the ocean model in simulating the global ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea surface height, sea ice, and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are evaluated. The results show that the model is at quasi-equilibrium during the integration of 372 years, and performances of the model are reasonable compared with observations. This dataset is ready to be downloaded and used by the community in related research, e.g., multi-ocean-sea-ice model performance evaluation and interannual variation in oceans driven by prescribed atmospheric forcing.

scholarly journals Modelling mid-Pliocene climate with COSMOS

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 917-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stepanek ◽  
G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Model Setup ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. In this manuscript we describe the experimental procedure employed at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany in the preparation of the simulations for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). We present a description of the utilized community earth system models (COSMOS) and document the procedures which we applied to transfer the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM) mid-Pliocene reconstruction into model forcing fields. The model setup and spin-up procedure are described for both the paleo and preindustrial (PI) time-slices of PlioMIP experiments 1 and 2, and general results that depict the performance of our model setup for mid-Pliocene conditions are presented. The mid-Pliocene as simulated with our COSMOS-setup and PRISM boundary conditions is both warmer and wetter than the PI. The globally averaged annual mean surface air temperature in the mid-Pliocene standalone atmosphere (fully coupled atmosphere-ocean) simulation is 17.35 °C (17.82 °C), which implies a warming of 2.23 °C (3.40 °C) relative to the respective PI control simulation.

scholarly journals Estimated effect of the permafrost carbon feedback on the zero emissions commitment to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hugh MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC), the expected change in global temperature following the cessation of CO2 emissions has recently been assessed by the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP). ZECMIP concluded that the component of ZEC from CO2 emissions will likely be close to zero in the decades following the cessation of emissions. However, of the 18 Earth system models that participated in ZECMIP only two included a representation of the permafrost carbon feedback to climate change. To better assess the potential impact of permafrost carbon decay on ZEC a series of perturbed parameter experiments are here conducted with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. The experiment suggest that the permafrost carbon cycle feedback will directly add 0.06 [0.02 to 0.14] °C to the benchmark ZEC value assesses 50 years after 1000 PgC of CO2 has been emitted to the atmosphere. An additional 0.04 [0 to 0.06] °C is likely to been added relative to the benchmark ZEC value from the thaw-lag effect unaccounted for in the ZECMIP experiment design. Overall we assess that the permafrost carbon feedback is unlikely to change the assessment that ZEC is close to zero on decadal timescales, however the feedback is expected to become more important over the coming centuries.

scholarly journals ESM-SnowMIP: Assessing models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krinner ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Richard Essery ◽  
Mark Flanner ◽  
Stefan Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes against local and global observations in a wide variety of settings, including snow schemes that are included in Earth System Models. The project aims at identifying crucial processes and snow characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modeling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project, which in turn is part of the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).

scholarly journals The Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP) contribution to C4MIP: quantifying committed climate changes following zero carbon emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4375-4385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
Thomas L. Frölicher ◽  
Charles Koven ◽  
Andrew H. MacDougall ◽  
H. Damon Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
System Models ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The amount of additional future temperature change following a complete cessation of CO2 emissions is a measure of the unrealized warming to which we are committed due to CO2 already emitted to the atmosphere. This “zero emissions commitment” (ZEC) is also an important quantity when estimating the remaining carbon budget – a limit on the total amount of CO2 emissions consistent with limiting global mean temperature at a particular level. In the recent IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, the carbon budget framework used to calculate the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 ∘C included the assumption that the ZEC due to CO2 emissions is negligible and close to zero. Previous research has shown significant uncertainty even in the sign of the ZEC. To close this knowledge gap, we propose the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP), which will quantify the amount of unrealized temperature change that occurs after CO2 emissions cease and investigate the geophysical drivers behind this climate response. Quantitative information on ZEC is a key gap in our knowledge, and one that will not be addressed by currently planned CMIP6 simulations, yet it is crucial for verifying whether carbon budgets need to be adjusted to account for any unrealized temperature change resulting from past CO2 emissions. We request only one top-priority simulation from comprehensive general circulation Earth system models (ESMs) and Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) – a branch from the 1 % CO2 run with CO2 emissions set to zero at the point of 1000 PgC of total CO2 emissions in the simulation – with the possibility for additional simulations, if resources allow. ZECMIP is part of CMIP6, under joint sponsorship by C4MIP and CDRMIP, with associated experiment names to enable data submissions to the Earth System Grid Federation. All data will be published and made freely available.

scholarly journals ESM-SnowMIP: assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5027-5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krinner ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Richard Essery ◽  
Mark Flanner ◽  
Stefan Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. Although it is not part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the CMIP6-endorsed Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison (LS3MIP).

scholarly journals Assessment of malaria transmission changes in Africa, due to the climate impact of land use change using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 earth system models

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Tompkins ◽  
Luca Caporaso
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
System Models ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Earth System Models

Using mathematical modelling tools, we assessed the potential for land use change (LUC) associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change low- and high-end emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) to impact malaria transmission in Africa. To drive a spatially explicit, dynamical malaria model, data from the four available earth system models (ESMs) that contributed to the LUC experiment of the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project are used. Despite the limited size of the ESM ensemble, stark differences in the assessment of how LUC can impact climate are revealed. In three out of four ESMs, the impact of LUC on precipitation and temperature over the next century is limited, resulting in no significant change in malaria transmission. However, in one ESM, LUC leads to increases in precipitation under scenario RCP2.6, and increases in temperature in areas of land use conversion to farmland under both scenarios. The result is a more intense transmission and longer transmission seasons in the southeast of the continent, most notably in Mozambique and southern Tanzania. In contrast, warming associated with LUC in the Sahel region reduces risk in this model, as temperatures are already above the 25-30°C threshold at which transmission peaks. The differences between the ESMs emphasise the uncertainty in such assessments. It is also recalled that the modelling framework is unable to adequately represent local-scale changes in climate due to LUC, which some field studies indicate could be significant.

scholarly journals Modelling mid-Pliocene climate with COSMOS

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stepanek ◽  
G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Model Setup ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. In this manuscript we describe the experimental procedure employed at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany in the preparation of the simulations for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). We present a description of the utilized Community Earth System Models (COSMOS, version: COSMOS-landveg r2413, 2009) and document the procedures that we applied to transfer the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project mid-Pliocene reconstruction into model forcing fields. The model setup and spin-up procedure are described for both the paleo- and preindustrial (PI) time slices of PlioMIP experiments 1 and 2, and general results that depict the performance of our model setup for mid-Pliocene conditions are presented. The mid-Pliocene, as simulated with our COSMOS setup and PRISM boundary conditions, is both warmer and wetter in the global mean than the PI. The globally averaged annual mean surface air temperature in the mid-Pliocene standalone atmosphere (fully coupled atmosphere-ocean) simulation is 17.35 °C (17.82 °C), which implies a warming of 2.23 °C (3.40 °C) relative to the respective PI control simulation.

scholarly journals Estimated effect of the permafrost carbon feedback on the zero emissions commitment to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 4937-4952
Author(s):  
Andrew H. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC), the expected change in global temperature following the cessation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, has recently been assessed by the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP). ZECMIP concluded that the component of ZEC from CO2 emissions will likely be close to zero in the decades following the cessation of emissions. However, of the 18 Earth system models that participated in ZECMIP only 2 included a representation of the permafrost carbon feedback to climate change. To better assess the potential impact of permafrost carbon decay on ZEC, a series of perturbed parameter experiments are here conducted with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. The experiment suggests that the permafrost carbon cycle feedback will directly add 0.06 [0.02 to 0.14] ∘C to the benchmark the ZEC value assesses 50 years after 1000 Pg C of CO2 has been emitted to the atmosphere. An additional 0.04 [0 to 0.06] ∘C is likely to been added relative to the benchmark ZEC value from the thaw-lag effect unaccounted for in the ZECMIP experiment design. Overall I assess that the permafrost carbon feedback is unlikely to change the assessment that ZEC is close to zero on decadal timescales; however, the feedback is expected to become more important over the coming centuries.

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