scholarly journals Scalability and some optimization of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3991-4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Koldunov ◽  
Vadym Aizinger ◽  
Natalja Rakowsky ◽  
Patrick Scholz ◽  
Dmitry Sidorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Parallel Scalability ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Version 2.0

Abstract. A study of the scalability of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean circulation Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2), the first mature global model of its kind formulated on unstructured meshes, is presented. This study includes an analysis of the main computational kernels with a special focus on bottlenecks in parallel scalability. Several model enhancements improving this scalability for large numbers of processes are described and tested. Model grids at different resolutions are used on four high-performance computing (HPC) systems with differing computational and communication hardware to demonstrate the model's scalability and throughput. Furthermore, strategies for improvements in parallel performance are presented and assessed. We show that, in terms of throughput, FESOM2 is on a par with state-of-the-art structured ocean models and, in a realistic eddy-resolving configuration (1/10∘ resolution), can achieve about 16 years per day on 14 000 cores. This suggests that unstructured-mesh models are becoming very competitive tools in high-resolution climate modeling. We show that the main bottlenecks of FESOM2 parallel scalability are the two-dimensional components of the model, namely the computations of the external (barotropic) mode and the sea-ice model. It is argued that these bottlenecks are shared with other general ocean circulation models.

scholarly journals Scalability and some optimization of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Koldunov ◽  
Vadym Aizinger ◽  
Natalja Rakowsky ◽  
Patrick Scholz ◽  
Dmitry Sidorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Parallel Scalability ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Version 2.0

Abstract. A study of the scalability of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean circulation Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2), the first mature global model of its kind formulated on unstructured meshes, is presented. This study includes an analysis of main computational kernels with a special focus on bottlenecks in parallel scalability. Several model enhancements, improving this scalability for large numbers of processes, are described and tested. Model grids at different resolutions are used on four HPC systems with differing computation and communication hardware to demonstrate model's scalability and throughput. Furthermore, strategies for improvements in parallel performance are presented and assessed. We show that in terms of throughput FESOM2.0 is on par with the state-of-the-art structured ocean models and in realistic eddy resolving configuration (1/10° resolution) can produce about 16 years per day on 14 000 cores. This suggests that unstructured-mesh models are becoming extremely competitive tools in high-resolution climate modelling. It is shown that main bottlenecks of FESOM parallel scalability are the two-dimensional components of the model, namely the computations of external (barotropic) mode and the sea-ice model. It is argued that these bottlenecks are shared with other general ocean circulation models.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Finite VolumE Sea Ice Ocean Model (FESOM2.0), Part I: Description of selected key model elements and comparison to its predecessor version

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Scholz ◽  
Dmitry Sidorenko ◽  
Ozgur Gurses ◽  
Sergey Danilov ◽  
Nikolay Koldunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unstructured Mesh ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Nonlinear Free Surface

Abstract. The evaluation and model element description of the second version of the unstructured-mesh Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean circulation Model (FESOM2.0) is presented. The model sensitivity to arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) linear and nonlinear free surface formulation, Gent McWilliams eddy parameterisation, isoneutral Redi diffusion and different vertical mixing schemes is documented. The hydrographic biases, large scale circulation, numerical performance and scalability of FESOM2.0 are compared with its predecessor FESOM1.4. FESOM2.0 shows biases with a magnitude comparable to FESOM1.4 and it simulates a more realistic AMOC. Compared to its predecessor FESOM2.0 provides clearly defined fluxes and a three times higher throughput in terms of simulated years per day (SYPD). It is thus the first mature global unstructured-mesh ocean model with computational efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art structured-mesh ocean models. Other key elements of the model and new development will be described in following-up papers.

scholarly journals The Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Danilov ◽  
Dmitry Sidorenko ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Thomas Jung
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Unstructured Mesh ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Mesh Models

Abstract. Version 2 of the unstructured-mesh sea ice – ocean circulation model FESOM is presented. It builds upon FESOM1.4 (Wang et al., 2014, Geosci. Mod. Dev., 7, 663–693) but differs by its dynamical core (finite volumes instead of finite elements) and is formulated using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) vertical coordinate, which increases model flexibility. The model inherits the framework and sea ice model from the previous version, which minimizes the efforts needed from a user to switch from one version to the other. The ocean states simulated with FESOM1.4 and FESOM2.0 driven by CORE-II forcing are compared on a mesh used for CORE-II intercomparison project. Additionally the performance on an eddy-permitting mesh with uniform resolution is discussed. The new version improves numerical efficiency of FESOM in terms of CPU time by at least three times while retaining its fidelity in simulating sea ice and ocean. From this it is argued that FESOM2.0 provides a major step forward in establishing unstructured-mesh models as valuable tools in climate research.

scholarly journals The Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Danilov ◽  
Dmitry Sidorenko ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Thomas Jung
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Unstructured Mesh ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Mesh Models

Abstract. Version 2 of the unstructured-mesh Finite-Element Sea ice–Ocean circulation Model (FESOM) is presented. It builds upon FESOM1.4 (Wang et al., 2014) but differs by its dynamical core (finite volumes instead of finite elements), and is formulated using the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) vertical coordinate, which increases model flexibility. The model inherits the framework and sea ice model from the previous version, which minimizes the efforts needed from a user to switch from one version to the other. The ocean states simulated with FESOM1.4 and FESOM2.0 driven by CORE-II forcing are compared on a mesh used for the CORE-II intercomparison project. Additionally, the performance on an eddy-permitting mesh with uniform resolution is discussed. The new version improves the numerical efficiency of FESOM in terms of CPU time by at least 3 times while retaining its fidelity in simulating sea ice and the ocean. From this it is argued that FESOM2.0 provides a major step forward in establishing unstructured-mesh models as valuable tools in climate research.

On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Stössel
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Convective Activity ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably stratified region of the world's oceans. Specifically, if the effect of brine release is neglected, the deep layers of the Southern Ocean warm up considerably; this is associated with a weakening of the Southern Hemisphere overturning cell. The removal of the commonly used “salinity enhancement” leads to a similar effect. The deep-ocean salinity is almost unaffected in both experiments. Introducing explicit new-ice thickness growth in partially ice-covered gridcells leads to a substantial increase in convective activity, especially in the Southern Ocean, with a concomitant significant cooling and salinification of the deep ocean. Possible mechanisms for the resulting interactions between sea-ice processes and deep-ocean characteristics are suggested.

scholarly journals Central Mediterranean Sea forecast: effects of high-resolution atmospheric forcings

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Natale ◽  
R. Sorgente ◽  
S. Gaberšek ◽  
A. Ribotti ◽  
A. Olita
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Atmospheric Forcings ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Ocean forecasts over the Central Mediterranean, produced by a near real time regional scale system, have been evaluated in order to assess their predictability. The ocean circulation model has been forced at the surface by a medium, high or very high resolution atmospheric forcing. The simulated ocean parameters have been compared with satellite data and they were found to be generally in good agreement. High and very high resolution atmospheric forcings have been able to form noticeable, although short-lived, surface current structures, due to their ability to detect transient atmospheric disturbances. The existence of the current structures has not been directly assessed due to lack of measurements. The ocean model in the slave mode was not able to develop dynamics different from the driving coarse resolution model which provides the boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Multi-grid algorithm for passive tracer transport in the NEMO ocean circulation model: a case study with the NEMO OGCM (version 3.6)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5465-5483
Author(s):  
Clément Bricaud ◽  
Julien Le Sommer ◽  
Gurvan Madec ◽  
Christophe Calone ◽  
Julie Deshayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Passive Tracer ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Ocean Circulation Model ◽  
Grid Algorithm

Abstract. Ocean biogeochemical models are key tools for both scientific and operational applications. Nevertheless the cost of these models is often expensive because of the large number of biogeochemical tracers. This has motivated the development of multi-grid approaches where ocean dynamics and tracer transport are computed on grids of different spatial resolution. However, existing multi-grid approaches to tracer transport in ocean modelling do not allow the computation of ocean dynamics and tracer transport simultaneously. This paper describes a new multi-grid approach developed for accelerating the computation of passive tracer transport in the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean circulation model. In practice, passive tracer transport is computed at runtime on a grid with coarser spatial resolution than the hydrodynamics, which reduces the CPU cost of computing the evolution of tracers. We describe the multi-grid algorithm, its practical implementation in the NEMO ocean model, and discuss its performance on the basis of a series of sensitivity experiments with global ocean model configurations. Our experiments confirm that the spatial resolution of hydrodynamical fields can be coarsened by a factor of 3 in both horizontal directions without significantly affecting the resolved passive tracer fields. Overall, the proposed algorithm yields a reduction by a factor of 7 of the overhead associated with running a full biogeochemical model like PISCES (with 24 passive tracers). Propositions for further reducing this cost without affecting the resolved solution are discussed.

Influence of Ocean and Atmosphere Components on Simulated Climate Sensitivities

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Winton ◽  
Alistair Adcroft ◽  
Stephen M. Griffies ◽  
Robert W. Hallberg ◽  
Larry W. Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The influence of alternative ocean and atmosphere subcomponents on climate model simulation of transient sensitivities is examined by comparing three GFDL climate models used for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The base model ESM2M is closely related to GFDL’s CMIP3 climate model version 2.1 (CM2.1), and makes use of a depth coordinate ocean component. The second model, ESM2G, is identical to ESM2M but makes use of an isopycnal coordinate ocean model. The authors compare the impact of this “ocean swap” with an “atmosphere swap” that produces the GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3) by replacing the AM2 atmospheric component with AM3 while retaining a depth coordinate ocean model. The atmosphere swap is found to have much larger influence on sensitivities of global surface temperature and Northern Hemisphere sea ice cover. The atmosphere swap also introduces a multidecadal response time scale through its indirect influence on heat uptake. Despite significant differences in their interior ocean mean states, the ESM2M and ESM2G simulations of these metrics of climate change are very similar, except for an enhanced high-latitude salinity response accompanied by temporarily advancing sea ice in ESM2G. In the ESM2G historical simulation this behavior results in the establishment of a strong halocline in the subpolar North Atlantic during the early twentieth century and an associated cooling, which are counter to observations in that region. The Atlantic meridional overturning declines comparably in all three models.

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