The Canadian Hydrological Model (CHM) v1.0: a multi-scale, multi-extent, variable-complexity hydrological model – design and overview

Abstract. Despite debate in the rainfall–runoff hydrology literature about the merits of physics-based and spatially distributed models, substantial work in cold-region hydrology has shown improved predictive capacity by including physics-based process representations, relatively high-resolution semi-distributed and fully distributed discretizations, and the use of physically identifiable parameters that require limited calibration. While there is increasing motivation for modelling at hyper-resolution (< 1 km) and snowdrift-resolving scales (≈ 1 to 100 m), the capabilities of existing cold-region hydrological models are computationally limited at these scales. Here, a new distributed model, the Canadian Hydrological Model (CHM), is presented. Although designed to be applied generally, it has a focus for application where cold-region processes play a role in hydrology. Key features include the ability to do the following: capture spatial heterogeneity in the surface discretization in an efficient manner via variable-resolution unstructured meshes; include multiple process representations; change, remove, and decouple hydrological process algorithms; work at both a point and spatially distributed scale; scale to multiple spatial extents and scales; and utilize a variety of forcing fields (boundary and initial conditions). This paper focuses on the overall model philosophy and design, and it provides a number of cold-region-specific features and examples.

Download Full-text

The Canadian Hydrological Model (CHM): A multi-scale, multi-extent, variable-complexity hydrological model – Design and overview

10.5194/gmd-2019-109 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher B. Marsh ◽

John W. Pomeroy ◽

Howard S. Wheater

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Model Design ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Cold Regions ◽

Distributed Models ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Spatially Distributed

Abstract. Despite debate in the rainfall-runoff hydrology literature about the merits of physics-based and spatially distributed models, substantial work in cold regions hydrology has shown improved predictive capacity by including physics-based process representations, relatively high-resolution semi- and fully-distributed discretizations, and use of physically identifiable parameters with limited calibration. While there is increasing motivation for modelling at hyper-resolution (

Download Full-text

Multi-criterial calibration of a global hydrological model for the Mississippi basin: Exploring the effect of the number of calibration units

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7107 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

HM Mehedi Hasan ◽

Andreas Güntner ◽

Somayeh Shadkam ◽

Petra Döll

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Grid Cell ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Large River ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Distributed Models ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Grace Satellites ◽

The Given

<p>The predictive ability of a hydrological model depends among others on how well the model is calibrated by model parameter adjustment. When calibrating spatially distributed models such as global hydrological models in which river basins are represented by laterally connected grid cells of mostly 0.5&#176; latitude by 0.5&#176; longitude, it is not appropriate and possible to adjust the parameters of each grid cell individually. This is mainly due to the lack of high-resolution observations but also due to the required computational effort. It needs to be investigated which spatial extent of calibration units for which parameters are uniformly adjusted, is optimal given the available observations and the characteristics of the region or river basin. To explore the effect of size and number of calibration units, the WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model (WGHM) was calibrated for a large river basin in North America, the Mississippi basin, successively dividing the basin into smaller calibration units, i.e., sub-basins, in order to examine the feasibility and value of reducing the size of calibration units for the given set of observations. Total water storage anomalies from GRACE satellites, snow cover from MODIS and in-situ streamflow were used as observations in an ensemble-based multi-criterial Pareto Optimization Calibration (POC) framework using the Borg-MOEA optimization algorithm.</p>

Download Full-text

Forecasting the behaviour of complex landslides with a spatially distributed hydrological model

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-5-71-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 71-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

J.-P. Malet ◽

Th. W. J. van Asch ◽

R. van Beek ◽

O. Maquaire

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Model ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dynamic Modelling ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Saturated Model ◽

Distributed Hydrological Model ◽

Spatially Distributed

Abstract. The relationships between rainfall, hydrology and landslide movement are often difficult to establish. In this context, ground-water flow analyses and dynamic modelling can help to clarify these complex relations, simulate the landslide hydrological behaviour in real or hypothetical situations, and help to forecast future scenarios based on environmental change. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of including more temporal and spatial information in landslide hydrology forecasting, by using a physically based spatially distributed model. Results of the hydrological and geomorphological investigation of the Super-Sauze earthflow, one of the persistently active landslide occurring in clay-rich material of the French Alps, are presented. Field surveys, continuous monitoring and interpretation of the data have shown that, in such material, the groundwater level fluctuates on a seasonal time scale, with a strong influence of the unsaturated zone. Therefore a coupled unsaturated/saturated model, incorporating Darcian saturated flow, fissure flow and meltwater flow is needed to adequately represent the landslide hydrology. The conceptual model is implemented in a 2.5-D spatially distributed hydrological model. The model is calibrated and validated on a multi-parameters database acquired on the site since 1997. The complex time-dependent and three-dimensional groundwater regime is well described, in both the short- and long-term. The hydrological model is used to forecast the future hydrological behaviour of the earthflow in response to potential environmental changes.

Download Full-text

Distributed Modeling Of Building Systems Through Cyber-Physical Integration

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.09.12-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 12-17

Keyword(s):

Data Structure ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Physical Models ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Distributed Modeling ◽

Distributed Models ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Building Systems ◽

Important Practical Application

This article describes the proposed approaches to creating distributed models that can, with given accuracy under given restrictions, replace classical physical models for construction objects. The ability to implement the proposed approaches is a consequence of the cyber-physical integration of building systems. The principles of forming the data structure of designed objects and distributed models, which make it possible to uniquely identify the elements and increase the level of detail of such a model, are presented. The data structure diagram of distributed modeling includes, among other things, the level of formation and transmission of signals about physical processes inside cyber-physical building systems. An enlarged algorithm for creating the structure of the distributed model which describes the process of developing a data structure, formalizing requirements for the parameters of a design object and its operating modes (including normal operating conditions and extreme conditions, including natural disasters) and selecting objects for a complete group that provides distributed modeling is presented. The article formulates the main approaches to the implementation of an important practical application of the cyber-physical integration of building systems - the possibility of forming distributed physical models of designed construction objects and the directions of further research are outlined.

Download Full-text

A computational approach to parameter identification of spatially distributed nonlinear systems with unknown initial conditions

2014 IEEE Symposium on Robotic Intelligence in Informationally Structured Space (RiiSS) ◽

10.1109/riiss.2014.7009170 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josip Kasac ◽

Vladimir Milic ◽

Josip Stepanic ◽

Gyula Mester

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Systems ◽

Parameter Identification ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Computational Approach ◽

Spatially Distributed

Download Full-text

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Hydrological Drought at Catchment Scale Using a Spatially-distributed Hydrological Model

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.577 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 738-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vitali Diaz Mercado ◽

Gerald Corzo Perez ◽

Dimitri Solomatine ◽

Henny A.J. van Lanen

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Model ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Distributed Hydrological Model ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Spatio Temporal

Download Full-text

A spatially distributed model of pesticide movement in Dutch macroporous soils

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 470-471 ◽

pp. 316-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Tiktak ◽

R.F.A. Hendriks ◽

J.J.T.I. Boesten ◽

A.M.A. van der Linden

Keyword(s):

Distributed Model ◽

Spatially Distributed

Download Full-text

Models of the mechanical sensitivity and growth of otoliths in fish

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-2003-134-604 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (4-6) ◽

pp. 189-203

Author(s):

Alexander V. Kondrachuk

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Oscillator Model ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Mechanical Sensitivity ◽

Otolith Growth ◽

Altered Gravity ◽

Gel Layer ◽

Longitudinal Size ◽

Spatially Distributed

It has been suggested that, in the fish, the change of otolith mass during development under altered gravity conditions [1,2,3,4,5,6,24,25,36,37] and the growth of otoliths in normal conditions [22,23,26], are determined by feedback between otolith dynamics and the processes that regulate otolith growth. The hypothesis originates from an oscillator model of the otolith [30] in which otolith mass is one of the parameters. However, the validity of this hypothesis is not obvious and has not been experimentally verified. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the oscillator model with a simplified spatially distributed model of the otolith. It was shown that in the case of a spatially distributed fixation of the otolith plate (otoconial layer) to the macular surface, the mechanical sensitivity of the otolith does not depend on the total otolith mass nor on its longitudinal size. It is determined by otolith thickness, the Young's modulus and viscosity of gel layer of the growing otolith. These parameters may change in order to maintain otolith sensitivity under conditions (such as growth or altered gravity) that change the dynamics of otolith movement.

Download Full-text