scholarly journals Automated geological map deconstruction for 3D model construction using <i>map2loop</i> 1.0 and <i>map2model</i> 1.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5063-5092
Author(s):  
Mark Jessell ◽  
Vitaliy Ogarko ◽  
Yohan de Rose ◽  
Mark Lindsay ◽  
Ranee Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Positional Data

Abstract. At a regional scale, the best predictor for the 3D geology of the near-subsurface is often the information contained in a geological map. One challenge we face is the difficulty in reproducibly preparing input data for 3D geological models. We present two libraries (map2loop and map2model) that automatically combine the information available in digital geological maps with conceptual information, including assumptions regarding the subsurface extent of faults and plutons to provide sufficient constraints to build a prototype 3D geological model. The information stored in a map falls into three categories of geometric data: positional data, such as the position of faults, intrusive, and stratigraphic contacts; gradient data, such as the dips of contacts or faults; and topological data, such as the age relationships of faults and stratigraphic units or their spatial adjacency relationships. This automation provides significant advantages: it reduces the time to first prototype models; it clearly separates the data, concepts, and interpretations; and provides a homogenous pathway to sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification, and value of information studies that require stochastic simulations, and thus the automation of the 3D modelling workflow from data extraction through to model construction. We use the example of the folded and faulted Hamersley Basin in Western Australia to demonstrate a complete workflow from data extraction to 3D modelling using two different open-source 3D modelling engines: GemPy and LoopStructural.

scholarly journals Automated geological map deconstruction for 3D model construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jessell ◽  
Vitaliy Ogarko ◽  
Mark Lindsay ◽  
Ranee Joshi ◽  
Agnieszka Piechocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Hidden Biases ◽  
Positional Data ◽  
Topological Data

Abstract. We present two Python libraries (map2loop and map2model) which combine the observations available in digital geological maps with conceptual information, including assumptions regarding the subsurface extent of faults and plutons to provide sufficient constraints to build a reasonable 3D geological model. At a regional scale, the best predictor for the 3D geology of the near-subsurface is often the information contained in a geological map. This remains true even after recognising that a map is also a model, with all the potential for hidden biases that this model status implies. One challenge we face is the difficulty in reproducibly preparing input data for 3D geological models. The information stored in a map falls into three categories of geometric data: positional data such as the position of faults, intrusive and stratigraphic contacts; gradient data, such as the dips of contacts or faults and topological data, such as the age relationships of faults and stratigraphic units, or their adjacency relationships. This work is being conducted within the Loop Consortium, in which algorithms are being developed that allow automatic deconstruction of a geological map to recover the necessary positional, gradient and topological data as inputs to different 3D geological modelling codes. This automation provides significant advantages: it reduces the time to first prototype models; it clearly separates the primary data from subsets produced from filtering via data reduction and conceptual constraints; and provides a homogenous pathway to sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification and Value of Information studies. We use the example of the re-folded and faulted Hamersley Basin in Western Australia to demonstrate a complete workflow from data extraction to 3D modelling using two different Open Source 3D modelling engines: GemPy and LoopStructural.

scholarly journals The value of urban trails, statuary and installations for Geoscience education: uses and abuses from the north of England and further afield

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Murphy ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Geoscience Education ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
Education Resource ◽  
City Park

The origins, uses and fates of a number of purpose built urban educational resources sited in the north of England are reviewed. These include walk on geological maps, building stone trails, a church gate and landscaping in a city park. A geological trail in the municipal cemetery of Rochdale dating from 1855 is a candidate for the oldest purpose made geological education trail in the world and the most recent educational resource was built in 2015. The destruction of a walk on geological map of England and Wales in 2004 shows that such valuable geoscience educational resources are in need of protection. A range of educational uses of these resources are suggested. Comparison is made with similar resources in London, both statuary and web based, and ways to ensure their preservation and continued educational use are suggested. This study shows that a geoscience education resource, if sited in the right place and looked after, can be an exciting and inspirational education resource in regular use for over half a century.

scholarly journals Landslide susceptibility assessment in complex geological settings: sensitivity to geological information and insights on its parameterization

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2443-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Segoni ◽  
Giulio Pappafico ◽  
Tania Luti ◽  
Filippo Catani
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Susceptibility Assessment ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Susceptibility Model ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Geological Map

AbstractThe literature about landslide susceptibility mapping is rich of works focusing on improving or comparing the algorithms used for the modeling, but to our knowledge, a sensitivity analysis on the use of geological information has never been performed, and a standard method to input geological maps into susceptibility assessments has never been established. This point is crucial, especially when working on wide and complex areas, in which a detailed geological map needs to be reclassified according to more general criteria. In a study area in Italy, we tested different configurations of a random forest–based landslide susceptibility model, accounting for geological information with the use of lithologic, chronologic, structural, paleogeographic, and genetic units. Different susceptibility maps were obtained, and a validation procedure based on AUC (area under receiver-operator characteristic curve) and OOBE (out of bag error) allowed us to get to some conclusions that could be of help for in future landslide susceptibility assessments. Different parameters can be derived from a detailed geological map by aggregating the mapped elements into broader units, and the results of the susceptibility assessment are very sensitive to these geology-derived parameters; thus, it is of paramount importance to understand properly the nature and the meaning of the information provided by geology-related maps before using them in susceptibility assessment. Regarding the model configurations making use of only one parameter, the best results were obtained using the genetic approach, while lithology, which is commonly used in the current literature, was ranked only second. However, in our case study, the best prediction was obtained when all the geological parameters were used together. Geological maps provide a very complex and multifaceted information; in wide and complex area, this information cannot be represented by a single parameter: more geology-based parameters can perform better than one, because each of them can account for specific features connected to landslide predisposition.

THE EVOLUTION OF GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF LOWER SILESIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KARKONOSZE-IZERA BLOCK

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Stanisław WOŁKOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Lower Silesia

The paper presents the development of the geological mapping of in the Sudetes and Lower Silesia, starting from issuing in 1791 the first geological map of the Karkonosze Mountains, developed by J. Jirasek and issued in 1791, through maps of L. von Buch, C. von Raumer and A. Kaluža from the beginning of the 19th century, through and numerous editions of atlases published throughout the 19th century, ending with the detailed maps produced at the scale of 1 : 25,000 in at the beginning of the 20th century. The latter maps were the basis for the geological maps prepared after 1945.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROAD-CUTS AND OTHER ROCK SECTIONS EXPOSED BY THE NEW LINEAR INVESTMENTS FOR THE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 473 (473) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Krzysztof URBAŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
The Road ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Geological Research

The road-cuts and other new excavation works provide an excellent opportunity for upgrading the geological maps in Poland. Such opportunity should not be missed. Updating The Detailed Geological Map of Poland at the scale of 1:50 000 should be the priority. Ephemeral nature of the freshly cut outcrops makes this research rather urgent. It would require an adequate planning and organization. Geological mapping based on the new road-cuts and rock sections exposed by new investments should be one of the main tasks of the Geological Survey of Poland.

The Rogers-Hotchkiss Geological Maps of Virginia and West Virginia

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lessing
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Union Army ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature

During the years 1835 to 1841, the first geological survey of Virginia, and what is now West Virginia, was conducted under the leadership of William Barton Rogers. His geological work was produced in seven annual reports presented to the Board of Public Works, which were reprinted in 1884 as a single volume by his widow. However, the first geological map from Rogers' survey of Virginia was only published in 1876 by Jedediah Hotchkiss. Rogers gave his geological map to Hotchkiss in 1873 for use in Hotchkiss' book published 3 years later. During the following 10 years, this geological map was produced 13 more times, mostly by Hotchkiss, and each version is slightly different. Some changes are obvious, such as scale, base map, or cross sections, whereas other modifications are subtle, including stratigraphic units, title, or colors. Three versions are hand colored; the others are lithographs. The known versions, by date, are two in 1874, one circa 1875, five in 1880 and one circa 1880, one in 1881, one in 1882, and three in 1884. Interestingly, none of these 14 versions modified Rogers' original geology, although Rogers modified his original stratigraphic nomenclature. A fifteenth version, apparently done without Rogers' knowledge for the Union army in 1862, is the hand colored geological map by Thomas S. Ridgway.

scholarly journals Geological map of Denmark 1:50 000 – map sheet Mors, NW Denmark

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Stig A. Schack Pedersen ◽  
Peter Roll Jakobsen ◽  
Lisbeth Tougaard ◽  
Peter Gravesen
Keyword(s):  
Field Mapping ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Regional Unit ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Terrain Surface

Danish geological maps of deposits occurring at the terrain surface are published under the name of Geological map of Denmark 1:50 000 and are based on geological field mapping at 1:25 000. Most of the published maps follow the map sheet division shown in Fig. 1. However, in some instances it is appropriate to publish geological maps covering a regional unit, such as an island. Hence, the geological map of Mors appears as the 1:50 000 map sheet Mors, which covers parts of map sheets 1116 I, 1116 II and 1116 III (Figs 1, 2; Pedersen & Jakobsen 2012).

scholarly journals From Sketches to Publication: The Genesis of the Essai D'une Carte Géologique by Omalius D'halloy and Coquebert de Montbret (1810-1823)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Isabelle Laboulais
Keyword(s):  
History Of Cartography ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
The Past ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Moment

While the Essai d'une carte géologique published in 1822 did not achieve the fame that its authors had hoped for, its history nevertheless deserves a closer look. Although its scale (about 1:3,700,000), and the technique used for making it (the map was coloured by hand at a time when the first geological maps printed in colour were appearing) make it a map of the past, it nevertheless testifies to the experiments and even cartographic tinkerings that were conceived in the 1810s by conciliating the expectations of the administration and those of science. Moreover, it offers a good example of the conditions of map production at that time. Without suggesting that the appearance of that Essai constituted a critical step in the history of cartography, this article examines the different steps that led to its publication, by considering first the investigative methods, then the different stages of map construction, and finally the uncertainties surrounding its publication, in order to grasp the stakes of such an enterprise, at the moment when reflections on the making of a geological map of France were developing, in particular at the École des mines.

scholarly journals Geology of Shantipur-Wami Taksar Areas of Gulmi-Baglung Districts, Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Sushant Sapkota ◽  
Pashupati Gaire ◽  
Kabi Raj Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
The North ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Geological Units

The study area represents a small part of the Lesser Himalaya in western Nepal and lies about 346 km west from Kathmandu. It covers 250 km area representing some parts of Gulmi and Baglung districts. The area was selected for the present study on the impression from the previous geological map that has showed some metallic mineral resources like iron, copper and lead in the region. Similarly, studies reveal that there is very complicated geological structure which raised the interest for the study. Main objective of the study was to prepare a geological map of the area in a scale of 1:25,000 and study the possible mineral deposits. An extensive geological mapping was carried out in the field covering at one data within one centimetre of the map scale and large number of samples was collected for the petrographic as well as ore genesis studies. The rocks of the region were mapped under two geological units as the Nourpul Formation (older) and the Dhading Dolomite (younger).  There are a series of folds in the area. From regional to micro-scale all folds are trending towards east-west. The Badi Gad Fault and the Harewa Khola Thrust are the regional scale thrust mapped in the area. The Badi Gad is considered as a strike-slip in nature. The Harewa Khola Thrust is probably an imbricate fault. It has propagated to the north which is out of sequence in nature. Some metallic minerals like copper and iron along with old working mines were observed during the study. Occurrences of copper and iron mineralization has been mapped and described. Present study revealed that copper mineralization is limited within the veins and boudinage forms as hydrothermal deposit while the iron is tabular and syngenetic in nature.

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