scholarly journals OMEN-SED 0.9: A novel, numerically efficient organic matter sediment diagenesis module for coupling to Earth system models

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Hülse ◽  
Sandra Arndt ◽  
Stuart Daines ◽  
Pierre Regnier ◽  
Andy Ridgwell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
System Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Sediment Model

Abstract. We present the first version of OMEN-SED (Organic Matter ENabled SEDiment model), a new, one-dimensional analytical early diagenetic model resolving organic matter cycling and associated biogeochemical dynamics in marine sediments designed to be coupled to Earth system models. OMEN-SED explicitly describes organic matter (OM) cycling as well as associated dynamics of the most important terminal electron acceptors (i.e. O2, NO3, SO4) and methane (CH4), related reduced substances (NH4, H2S), macronutrients (PO4) and associated pore water quantities (ALK, DIC). Its reaction network accounts for the most important primary and secondary redox reactions, equilibrium reactions, mineral dissolution and precipitation, as well as adsorption and desorption processes associated with OM dynamics that affect the dissolved and solid species explicitly resolved in the model. To represent a redox-dependent sedimentary P cycle we also include a representation of the formation and burial of Fe-bound P and authigenic Ca-P minerals. Thus, OMEN-SED is able to capture the main features of diagenetic dynamics in marine sediments and, therefore, offers similar predictive abilities than a complex, numerical diagenetic model. Yet, its computational efficiency allows its coupling to global Earth system models and therefore the investigation of coupled global biogeochemical dynamics over a wide range of climate relevant timescales. This paper provides a detailed description of the new sediment model, an extensive sensitivity analysis, as well as an evaluation of OMEN-SED's performance through comprehensive comparisons with observations and results from a more complex numerical model. We find solid phase and dissolved pore water profiles for different ocean depths are reproduced with good accuracy and simulated terminal electron acceptor fluxes fall well within the range of globally observed fluxes. Finally, we illustrate its application in an Earth system model framework by coupling OMEN-SED to the Earth system model cGENIE and tune the OM degradation rate constants to optimise the fit of simulated benthic OM contents to global observations. We find simulated sediment characteristics of the coupled model framework, such as OM degradation rates, oxygen penetration depths and sediment-water interface fluxes are generally in good agreement with observations and in line with what one would expect on a global scale. Coupled to an Earth system model, OMEN-SED is thus a powerful tool that will not only help elucidate the role of benthic-pelagic exchange processes in the evolution and, in particular, the termination of a wide range of climate events, but will also allow a direct comparison of model output with the sedimentary record – the most important climate archive on Earth.

scholarly journals OMEN-SED 1.0: a novel, numerically efficient organic matter sediment diagenesis module for coupling to Earth system models

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2649-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Hülse ◽  
Sandra Arndt ◽  
Stuart Daines ◽  
Pierre Regnier ◽  
Andy Ridgwell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
System Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Sediment Model

Abstract. We present the first version of OMEN-SED (Organic Matter ENabled SEDiment model), a new, one-dimensional analytical early diagenetic model resolving organic matter cycling and the associated biogeochemical dynamics in marine sediments designed to be coupled to Earth system models. OMEN-SED explicitly describes organic matter (OM) cycling and the associated dynamics of the most important terminal electron acceptors (i.e. O2 , NO3, SO4) and methane (CH4), related reduced substances (NH4, H2S), macronutrients (PO4) and associated pore water quantities (ALK, DIC). Its reaction network accounts for the most important primary and secondary redox reactions, equilibrium reactions, mineral dissolution and precipitation, as well as adsorption and desorption processes associated with OM dynamics that affect the dissolved and solid species explicitly resolved in the model. To represent a redox-dependent sedimentary P cycle we also include a representation of the formation and burial of Fe-bound P and authigenic Ca–P minerals. Thus, OMEN-SED is able to capture the main features of diagenetic dynamics in marine sediments and therefore offers similar predictive abilities as a complex, numerical diagenetic model. Yet, its computational efficiency allows for its coupling to global Earth system models and therefore the investigation of coupled global biogeochemical dynamics over a wide range of climate-relevant timescales. This paper provides a detailed description of the new sediment model, an extensive sensitivity analysis and an evaluation of OMEN-SED's performance through comprehensive comparisons with observations and results from a more complex numerical model. We find that solid-phase and dissolved pore water profiles for different ocean depths are reproduced with good accuracy and simulated terminal electron acceptor fluxes fall well within the range of globally observed fluxes. Finally, we illustrate its application in an Earth system model framework by coupling OMEN-SED to the Earth system model cGENIE and tune the OM degradation rate constants to optimise the fit of simulated benthic OM contents to global observations. We find that the simulated sediment characteristics of the coupled model framework, such as OM degradation rates, oxygen penetration depths and sediment–water interface fluxes, are generally in good agreement with observations and in line with what one would expect on a global scale. Coupled to an Earth system model, OMEN-SED is thus a powerful tool that will not only help elucidate the role of benthic–pelagic exchange processes in the evolution and the termination of a wide range of climate events, but will also allow for a direct comparison of model output with the sedimentary record – the most important climate archive on Earth.

scholarly journals Unstructured global to coastal wave modeling for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model using WAVEWATCH III version 6.07

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2917-2938
Author(s):  
Steven R. Brus ◽  
Phillip J. Wolfram ◽  
Luke P. Van Roekel ◽  
Jessica D. Meixner
Keyword(s):  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Wave Modeling ◽  
Wavewatch Iii ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
System Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Wind-wave processes have generally been excluded from coupled Earth system models due to the high computational expense of spectral wave models, which resolve a frequency and direction spectrum of waves across space and time. Existing uniform-resolution wave modeling approaches used in Earth system models cannot appropriately represent wave climates from global to coastal ocean scales, largely because of tradeoffs between coastal resolution and computational costs. To resolve this challenge, we introduce a global unstructured mesh capability for the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model that is suitable for coupling within the US Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The new unstructured WW3 global wave modeling approach can provide the accuracy of higher global resolutions in coastal areas at the relative cost of lower uniform global resolutions. This new capability enables simulation of waves at physically relevant scales as needed for coastal applications.

scholarly journals Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – diagnostics for emergent constraints and future projections from Earth system models in CMIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4205-4228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Lauer ◽  
Veronika Eyring ◽  
Omar Bellprat ◽  
Lisa Bock ◽  
Bettina K. Gier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
System Models ◽  
Emergent Constraints ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostics and performance metrics tool for evaluation and analysis of Earth system models (ESMs), is designed to facilitate a more comprehensive and rapid comparison of single or multiple models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The ESM results can be compared against observations or reanalysis data as well as against other models including predecessor versions of the same model. The updated and extended version (v2.0) of the ESMValTool includes several new analysis scripts such as large-scale diagnostics for evaluation of ESMs as well as diagnostics for extreme events, regional model and impact evaluation. In this paper, the newly implemented climate metrics such as effective climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) as well as emergent constraints for various climate-relevant feedbacks and diagnostics for future projections from ESMs are described and illustrated with examples using results from the well-established model ensemble CMIP5. The emergent constraints implemented include constraints on ECS, snow-albedo effect, climate–carbon cycle feedback, hydrologic cycle intensification, future Indian summer monsoon precipitation and year of disappearance of summer Arctic sea ice. The diagnostics included in ESMValTool v2.0 to analyze future climate projections from ESMs further include analysis scripts to reproduce selected figures of chapter 12 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and various multi-model statistics.

scholarly journals Unstructured global to coastal wave modeling for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model using WAVEWATCHIII version 6.07

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Brus ◽  
Phillip J. Wolfram ◽  
Luke P. Van Roekel ◽  
Jessica D. Meixner
Keyword(s):  
Wind Wave ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Wave Processes ◽  
Wave Modeling ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
System Models ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Wind-wave processes have generally been excluded from coupled Earth system models due to the high computational expense of spectral wave models, which resolve a frequency and direction spectrum of waves across space and time. Existing uniform-resolution wave modeling approaches used in Earth system models cannot appropriately represent wave climates from global to coastal ocean scales, largely because of tradeoffs between coastal resolution and computational costs. To resolve this challenge, we introduce a global unstructured mesh capability for the WAVEWATCHIII (WW3) model that is suitable for coupling within the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The new unstructured WW3 global wave modeling approach can provide the accuracy of higher global resolutions in coastal areas at the relative cost of lower uniform global resolutions. This new capability enables simulation of waves at physically relevant scales as needed for coastal applications.

scholarly journals Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – diagnostics for emergent constraints and future projections from Earth system models in CMIP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Lauer ◽  
Veronika Eyring ◽  
Omar Bellprat ◽  
Lisa Bock ◽  
Bettina K. Gier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
System Models ◽  
Emergent Constraints ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostics and performance metrics tool for evaluation and analysis of Earth system models (ESMs) is designed to facilitate a more comprehensive and rapid comparison of single or multiple models participating in the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP). The ESM results can be compared against observations or reanalysis data as well as against other models including predecessor versions of the same model. The updated and extended version 2.0 of the ESMValTool includes several new analysis scripts such as large-scale diagnostics for evaluation of ESMs as well as diagnostics for extreme events, regional model and impact evaluation. In this paper, the newly implemented climate metrics such as effective climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) as well as emergent constraints for various climate-relevant feedbacks and diagnostics for future projections from ESMs are described and illustrated with examples using results from the well-established model ensemble CMIP5. The emergent constraints implemented include ECS, snow-albedo effect, climate-carbon cycle feedback, hydrologic cycle intensification, future Indian summer monsoon precipitation, and year of disappearance of summer Arctic sea ice. The diagnostics included in ESMValTool v2.0 to analyze future climate projections from ESMs include analysis scripts to reproduce selected figures of chapter 12 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment report (AR5) and various multi-model statistics.

scholarly journals When Less Is More: Opening the Door to Simpler Climate Models

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Polvani ◽  
A. Clement ◽  
B. Medeiros ◽  
J. Benedict ◽  
I. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
System Models ◽  
Model Project ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Earth System Models

Earth system models are resource intensive and complex. To cut through this complexity, the Community Earth System Model project will now be embracing a hierarchy of simpler climate models.

scholarly journals Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – an extended set of large-scale diagnostics for quasi-operational and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3383-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Eyring ◽  
Lisa Bock ◽  
Axel Lauer ◽  
Mattia Righi ◽  
Manuel Schlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
The Earth ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community diagnostics and performance metrics tool designed to improve comprehensive and routine evaluation of Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). It has undergone rapid development since the first release in 2016 and is now a well-tested tool that provides end-to-end provenance tracking to ensure reproducibility. It consists of (1) an easy-to-install, well-documented Python package providing the core functionalities (ESMValCore) that performs common preprocessing operations and (2) a diagnostic part that includes tailored diagnostics and performance metrics for specific scientific applications. Here we describe large-scale diagnostics of the second major release of the tool that supports the evaluation of ESMs participating in CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6). ESMValTool v2.0 includes a large collection of diagnostics and performance metrics for atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial variables for the mean state, trends, and variability. ESMValTool v2.0 also successfully reproduces figures from the evaluation and projections chapters of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and incorporates updates from targeted analysis packages, such as the NCAR Climate Variability Diagnostics Package for the evaluation of modes of variability, the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo) to evaluate the energetics of the climate system, as well as parts of AutoAssess that contains a mix of top–down performance metrics. The tool has been fully integrated into the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) infrastructure at the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) to provide evaluation results from CMIP6 model simulations shortly after the output is published to the CMIP archive. A result browser has been implemented that enables advanced monitoring of the evaluation results by a broad user community at much faster timescales than what was possible in CMIP5.

scholarly journals Oceanic and atmospheric methane cycling in the cGENIE Earth system model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Reinhard ◽  
Stephanie Olson ◽  
Sandra Kirtland Turner ◽  
Cecily Pälike ◽  
Yoshiki Kanzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane

Abstract. The methane (CH4) cycle is a key component of the Earth system that links planetary climate, biological metabolism, and the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen. However, currently lacking is a numerical model capable of simulating a diversity of environments in the ocean where CH4 can be produced and destroyed, and with the flexibility to be able to explore not only relatively recent perturbations to Earth’s CH4 cycle but also to probe CH4 cycling and associated climate impacts under the very low-O2 conditions characteristic of most of Earth history and likely widespread on other Earth-like planets. Here, we present a refinement and expansion of the ocean-atmosphere CH4 cycle in the intermediate-complexity Earth system model cGENIE, including parameterized atmospheric O2-O3-CH4 photochemistry and schemes for microbial methanogenesis, aerobic methanotrophy, and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). We describe the model framework, compare model parameterizations against modern observations, and illustrate the flexibility of the model through a series of example simulations. Though we make no attempt to rigorously tune default model parameters, we find that simulated atmospheric CH4 levels and marine dissolved CH4 distributions are generally in good agreement with empirical constraints for the modern and recent Earth. Finally, we illustrate the model’s utility in understanding the time-dependent behavior of the CH4 cycle resulting from transient carbon injection into the atmosphere, and present model ensembles that examine the effects of atmospheric pO2, oceanic dissolved SO42− and the thermodynamics of microbial metabolism on steady-state atmospheric CH4 abundance. Future model developments will address the sources and sinks of CH4 associated with the terrestrial biosphere and marine CH4 gas hydrates, both of which will be essential for comprehensive treatment of Earth’s CH4 cycle during geologically recent time periods.

scholarly journals Towards in-situ visualization integrated earth system models: RegESM 1.1 regional modelling system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Utku Turuncoglu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
System Models ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Modelling System

Abstract. The data volume being produced by regional and global multi-component earth system models are rapidly increasing due to the improved spatial and temporal resolution of the model components, sophistication of the used numerical models in terms of represented physical processes and their non-linear complex interactions. In particular, very short time steps have to be defined in multi-component and multi-scale non-hydrostatic modelling systems to represent the evolution of the fast-moving processes such as turbulence, extra-tropical cyclones, convective lines, jet streams, internal waves, vertical turbulent mixing and surface gravity waves. Consequently, the used small time steps cause extra computation and disk I/O overhead in the used modelling system even if today's most powerful high-performance computing and data storage systems are being considered. Analysis of the high volume of data from multiple earth system model components at different temporal and spatial resolution also poses a challenging problem to efficiently perform integrated data analysis of the massive amounts of data by relying on the conventional post-processing methods available today. This study basically aims to explore the feasibility and added value of integrating existing in-situ visualization and data analysis methods with the model coupling framework (ESMF) to increase interoperability between multi-component simulation code and data processing pipelines by providing easy to use, efficient, generic and standardized modeling environment for earth system science applications. The new data analysis approach enables simultaneous analysis of the vast amount of data produced by multi-component regional earth system models (atmosphere, ocean etc.) during the run process. The methodology aims to create an integrated modeling environment for analyzing fast-moving processes and their evolution in both time and space to support better understanding of the underplaying physical mechanisms. The state-of-art approach can also be used to solve common problems in earth system model development workflow such as designing new sub-grid scale parametrizations (convection, air–sea interaction etc.) that requires inspecting the integrated model behavior in a higher temporal and spatial scale during the run or supporting visual debugging of the multi-component modeling systems, which usually are not facilitated by existing model coupling libraries and modeling systems.

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