scholarly journals Improvement, calibration and validation of a distributed hydrological model over France

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Quintana Seguí ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
F. Habets ◽  
J. Noilhan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract. The hydrometeorological model SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU (SIM) computes water and energy budgets on the land surface and riverflows and the level of several aquifers at the scale of France. SIM is composed of a meteorological analysis system (SAFRAN), a land surface model (ISBA), and a hydrogeological model (MODCOU). In this study, an exponential profile of hydraulic conductivity at saturation is introduced to the model and its impact analysed. It is also studied how calibration modifies the performance of the model. A very simple method of calibration is implemented and applied to the parameters of hydraulic conductivity and subgrid runoff. The study shows that a better description of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is important to simulate more realistic discharges. It also shows that the calibrated model is more robust than the original SIM. In fact, the calibration mainly affects the processes related to the dynamics of the flow (drainage and runoff), and the rest of relevant processes (like evaporation) remain stable. It is also proven that it is only worth introducing the new empirical parameterization of hydraulic conductivity if it is accompanied by a calibration of its parameters, otherwise the simulations can be degraded. In conclusion, it is shown that the new parameterization is necessary to obtain good simulations. Calibration is a tool that must be used to improve the performance of distributed models like SIM that have some empirical parameters.

scholarly journals Improvement, calibration and validation of a distributed hydrological model over France

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Quintana Seguí ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
F. Habets ◽  
J. Noilhan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract. The hydrometeorological model SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU (SIM) computes water and energy budgets on the land surface and riverflows and the level of several aquifers at the scale of France. SIM is composed of a meteorological analysis system (SAFRAN), a land surface model (ISBA) and a hydrogeological model (MODCOU). In this study, an exponential profile of hydraulic conductivity at saturation is introduced to the model and its impact analysed. It is also studied how calibration modifies the performance of the model. A very simple method of calibration is implemented and applied to the parameters of hydraulic conductivity and subgrid runoff. The study shows that a better description of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is important to simulate more realistic discharges. It is also shown that the calibrated model is more robust than the original SIM. In fact, the calibration mainly affects the processes related to the dynamics of the flow (drainage and runoff), and the rest of relevant processes (like evaporation) remain stable. It is also proven that it is only worth introducing the new empirical parameterization of hydraulic conductivity if it is accompanied by a calibration of its parameters, otherwise the simulations can be degraded. In conclusion, it is shown that the new parameterization is necessary to obtain good simulations. Calibration is a tool that must be used to improve the performance of distributed models like SIM that have some empirical parameters.

scholarly journals Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport model in GEOframe (WHETGEO-1D v.1.0): algorithms, informatics, design patterns, open science features, and 1D deployment

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Niccolò Tubini ◽  
Riccardo Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Generic Programming ◽  
Surface Model

Abstract. This paper presents WHETGEO and its 1D deployment: a new physically based model simulating the water and energy budgets in a soil column. The purpose of this contribution is twofold. First, we discuss the mathematical and numerical issues involved in solving the Richardson–Richards equation, conventionally known as the Richards equation, and the heat equation in heterogeneous soils. In particular, for the Richardson–Richards equation (R2) we take advantage of the nested Newton–Casulli–Zanolli (NCZ) algorithm that ensures the convergence of the numerical solution in any condition. Second, starting from numerical and modelling needs, we present the design of software that is intended to be the first building block of a new customizable land-surface model that is integrated with process-based hydrology. WHETGEO is developed as an open-source code, adopting the object-oriented paradigm and a generic programming approach in order to improve its usability and expandability. WHETGEO is fully integrated into the GEOframe/OMS3 system, allowing the use of the many ancillary tools it provides. Finally, the paper presents the 1D deployment of WHETGEO, WHETGEO-1D, which has been tested against the available analytical solutions presented in the Appendix.

scholarly journals Modeling Land Surface Fluxes from Uncertain Rainfall: A Case Study in the Sahel with Field-Driven Stochastic Rainfields

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Bernard Cappelaere ◽  
Denis Feurer ◽  
Théo Vischel ◽  
Catherine Ottlé ◽  
Hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Flux Variability ◽  
Sahel Region

In distributed land surface modeling (LSM) studies, uncertainty in the rainfields that are used to force models is a major source of error in predicted land surface response variables. This is particularly true for applications in the African Sahel region, where weak knowledge of highly time/space-variable convective rainfall in a poorly monitored region is a considerable obstacle to such developments. In this study, we used a field-based stochastic rainfield generator to analyze the propagation of the rainfall uncertainty through a distributed land surface model simulating water and energy fluxes in Sahelian ecosystems. Ensemble time/space rainfields were generated from field observations of the local AMMA-CATCH-Niger recording raingauge network. The rainfields were then used to force the SEtHyS-Savannah LSM, yielding an ensemble of time/space simulated fluxes. Through informative graphical representations and innovative diagnosis metrics, these outputs were analyzed to separate the different components of flux variability, among which was the uncertainty represented by ensemble-wise variability. Scale dependence was analyzed for each flux type in the water and energy budgets, producing a comprehensive picture of uncertainty propagation for the various flux types, with its relationship to intrinsic space/time flux variability. The study was performed over a 2530 km2 domain over six months, covering an entire monsoon season and the subsequent dry-down, using a kilometer/daily base resolution of analysis. The newly introduced dimensionless uncertainty measure, called the uncertainty coefficient, proved to be more effective in describing uncertainty patterns and relationships than a more classical measure based on variance fractions. Results show a clear scaling relationship in uncertainty coefficients between rainfall and the dependent fluxes, specific to each flux type. These results suggest a higher sensitivity to rainfall uncertainty for hydrological than for agro-ecological or meteorological applications, even though eddy fluxes do receive a substantial part of that source uncertainty.

Contribution of lakes in the ORCHIDEE land surface model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bernus ◽  
Catherine Ottle ◽  
Nina Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Local Climate

<p>Lakes play a major role on local climate and boundary layer stratification. At global scale, they have been shown to have an impact on the energy budget, (see for example Le Moigne et al., 2016 or Bonan, 1995 ) . To represent the energy budget of lakes at a global scale, the FLake (Mironov et al, 2008) lake model has been coupled to the ORCHIDEE land surface model - the continental part of the IPSL earth system model. By including Flake in ORCHIDEE, we aim to improve the representation of land surface temperature and heat fluxes. Using the standard CMIP6 configuration of ORCHIDEE,  two 40-year simulations were generated (one coupled with FLake and one without) using the CRUJRA meteorological forcing data at a spatial resolution of 0.5°. We compare land surface temperatures and heat fluxes from the two ORCHIDEE simulations and assess the impacts of lakes on surface energy budgets. MODIS satellite land surface temperature products will be used to validate the simulations. We expect a better fit between the simulated land surface temperature and the MODIS data when the FLake configuration is used. The preliminary results of the comparison will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals Copernicus European regional reanalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semjon Schimanke ◽  
Ludvig Isaksson ◽  
Lisette Edvinsson ◽  
Martin Ridal ◽  
Lars Berggren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Regional Reanalysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
European Regional

<p>The Copernicus European regional reanalysis (https://climate.copernicus.eu/regional-reanalysis-europe) is produced as part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The presentation will introduce the service and its main objectives as well as it will give and overview of available data. Data quality will be demonstrated by comparison with ERA5 and other gridded datasets.</p><p>In the first phase of the service, systems inherited from the FP7 project UERRA (Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional ReAnalyses, http://www.uerra.eu) were applied extending the UERRA-HARMONIE as well as the MESCAN-SURFEX datasets. These datasets contain analyses of the atmosphere, the surface and the soil. UERRA-HARMONIE is a full model system including a 3D-Var data assimilation scheme for upper air observations and an OI-scheme for surface observations. MESCAN-SURFEX is a complementary 2D surface analysis system interfaced to a land surface model. Data is available for entire Europe at a horizontal resolution of 11 km for UERRA-HARMONIE and at 5.5 km for MESCAN-SURFEX. The systems provide four analyses per day – at 0 UTC, 6 UTC, 12 UTC, and 18 UTC. Between the analyses ranges, forecasts of the systems are available with hourly resolution. More than fifty parameters are available on various level types. Data are available for the period 1961 – July 2019 through Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS).</p><p>In spring 2020, the service started the production of the next generation regional reanalysis. The successor comprises three components:<br>- CERRA (5.5 km horizontal resolution)<br>- CERRA-EDA (10-member ensemble at 11 km resolution)<br>- CERRA-Land (5.5 km horizontal resolution)</p><p>In addition to the higher resolution, CERRA is more sophisticated than UERRA. For instance, more observations are assimilated into CERRA, in particular remote sensing data. CERRA is produced with 3-hourly cycling and a flow depending part of the B-matrix is derived from CERRA-EDA. The production of CERRA, CERRA-EDA and CERRA-Land will complete in September/October 2021 and data will become available in the CDS shortly thereafter.</p><p>The quality of the regional reanalysis in comparison to ERA5 will be shown with results of the standard HARMONIE-verification package as well as based on certain case studies. For instance, the winter storm Gudrun (January 2005, southern Sweden) will be investigated.</p>

scholarly journals A Nonparametric Statistical Technique for Combining Global Precipitation Datasets: Development and Hydrological Evaluation over the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan ◽  
Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Pere Quintana-Seguí ◽  
Anaïs Barella-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Global Precipitation

Abstract. This study investigates the use of a nonparametric, tree-based model, Quantile Regression Forests (QRF), for combining multiple global precipitation datasets and characterizing the uncertainty of the combined product. We used the Iberian Peninsula as the study area, with a study period spanning eleven years (2000–10). Inputs to the QRF model included three satellite precipitation products, CMORPH, PERSIANN, and 3B42 (V7); an atmospheric reanalysis precipitation and air temperature dataset; satellite-derived near-surface daily soil moisture data; and a terrain elevation dataset. We calibrated the QRF model for two seasons and two terrain elevation categories and used it to generate rainfall ensembles for these conditions. We then carried an evaluation based on a high-resolution, ground-reference precipitation dataset (SAFRAN) available at 5 km/1 h resolution and further used generated ensembles to force a distributed hydrological model (the SURFEX land-surface model and the RAPID river routing scheme). To evaluate relative improvements and the overall impact of the combined product in hydrological response, we compared its streamflow simulation results with the results of simulations from the individual global precipitation and reference datasets. We concluded that the proposed technique could generate realizations that successfully encapsulate the reference precipitation and provide significant improvement in streamflow simulations, with reduction in systematic and random error on the order of 20 %–99 % and 44 %–88 %, respectively, when considering the ensemble mean.

scholarly journals A nonparametric statistical technique for combining global precipitation datasets: development and hydrological evaluation over the Iberian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1371-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan ◽  
Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Pere Quintana-Seguí ◽  
Anaïs Barella-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Global Precipitation

Abstract. This study investigates the use of a nonparametric, tree-based model, quantile regression forests (QRF), for combining multiple global precipitation datasets and characterizing the uncertainty of the combined product. We used the Iberian Peninsula as the study area, with a study period spanning 11 years (2000–2010). Inputs to the QRF model included three satellite precipitation products, CMORPH, PERSIANN, and 3B42 (V7); an atmospheric reanalysis precipitation and air temperature dataset; satellite-derived near-surface daily soil moisture data; and a terrain elevation dataset. We calibrated the QRF model for two seasons and two terrain elevation categories and used it to generate ensemble for these conditions. Evaluation of the combined product was based on a high-resolution, ground-reference precipitation dataset (SAFRAN) available at 5 km 1 h−1 resolution. Furthermore, to evaluate relative improvements and the overall impact of the combined product in hydrological response, we used the generated ensemble to force a distributed hydrological model (the SURFEX land surface model and the RAPID river routing scheme) and compared its streamflow simulation results with the corresponding simulations from the individual global precipitation and reference datasets. We concluded that the proposed technique could generate realizations that successfully encapsulate the reference precipitation and provide significant improvement in streamflow simulations, with reduction in systematic and random error on the order of 20–99 and 44–88 %, respectively, when considering the ensemble mean.

scholarly journals Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport model in GEOframe WHETGEO-1D v.1.0: algorithms, informatics, design patterns, open science features, and 1D deployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Tubini ◽  
Riccardo Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Generic Programming ◽  
Surface Model

Abstract. This paper presents WHETGEO and its 1D deployment, a new, physically based model simulating the water and energy budgets in a soil column. The purpose of this contribution is twofold. First, we discuss the mathematical and numerical issues involved in solving the Richardson-Richards equation, conventionally known as Richards' equation, and the heat equation in heterogeneous soils. In particular, for the Richardson-Richards equation (R2) we take advantage of the nested Newton-Casulli-Zanolli (NCZ) algorithm that ensures the convergence of the numerical solution in any condition. Second, starting from numerical and modelling needs, we present the design of a software that is intended to be the first building block of a new, customisable, land-surface model that is integrated with process-based hydrology. WHETGEO is developed as an open-source code, adopting the Object-Oriented paradigm and a generic programming approach in order to improve its usability and expandability. WHETGEO is fully integrated in the GEOframe/OMS3 system allowing the use of the many ancillary tools it provides. Finally the paper presents the 1D deployment of WHETGEO, WHETGEO-1D, which has been tested against the available analytical solutions presented in Appendix.

scholarly journals The Latest Improvements in SURFEX v8.0 of the Safran-Isba-Modcou Hydrometeorological Model over France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Le Moigne ◽  
François Besson ◽  
Eric Martin ◽  
Julien Boé ◽  
Bertrand Decharme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Resource Monitoring ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Surface Scheme

Abstract. The Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) hydrometeorological system was developed and put into operations at Meteo-France in the early 2000's. SIM application is devoted to water resource monitoring, and therefore can help monitoring drought or forecasting flood risks over French territory. This complex system combines three models: SAFRAN analysis of near-surface meteorological variables, ISBA land surface model which aims at computing surface fluxes at the interface with the atmosphere and soil variables, and finally MODCOU a hydrogeological model which calculates river discharges and groundwater level evolutions. SIM model was improved first by reducing the SAFRAN infrared radiation bias, then by using the more advanced multi-layer diffusion surface scheme of ISBA to have a more physical representation of the surface and soil processes. At the same time more accurate and up-to-date input databases for vegetation, soil texture and orography were used and finally in mountainous areas a subgrid representation of the orography using elevation bands was adopted as well as the possibility to add a reservoir to represent the effect of aquifers in mountains. SIM model was run for a 60y period from 1958 to 2018. The present paper describes the changes and demonstrates that the SIM new version performs better than the previous one by comparing a set of selected simulations to measurements of daily streamflow and observations of snow depths.

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