scholarly journals Hydrofacies reconstruction of glaciofluvial aquifers and groundwater flow modelling in a densely urbanized area under changing climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia De Caro ◽  
Giovanni B. Crosta ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
Roberta Perico ◽  
Giorgio Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Stratigraphic Model ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modelling

Abstract. Potential impacts of global climate changes on the groundwater are largely unknown, especially for densely populated areas where groundwater is heavily exploited for public and industrial supply. Hence, to better plan and manage the groundwater resources, medium-long term numerical modelling of groundwater flow, which takes into account climate change, population growth, and industrial and agricultural activities, is needed. The objective of this paper is to tackle three main issues: (1) the development of a robust hydro-stratigraphic model of a multi-aquifer system from a well logs database by means of a novel multi-dimensional approach which includes a hierarchical classification of the lithologies, the interpretation of cross-sections, and the interpolation of aquifer boundary surfaces; (2) the parametrization and calibration of both a steady state and a transient groundwater flow model, starting from empirical relationships (for unconfined aquifer) and step-drawdown and well tests (for semi-confined and confined aquifers) to define equivalent homogenous sub-units; and (3) the simulation of steady state and transient scenarios based on projections about global climate change and variation in abstraction and recharge rates. These issues are illustrated for the Milan metropolitan area (Northern Italy) and the conterminous Po Plain portion. The results of the model allow to analyse the major components of the regional groundwater system (i.e. public supply wells withdrawals, discharge to gaining rivers and springs, recharge from irrigation networks and vegetated areas, flow transfer between aquifers). The groundwater level rising observed in the last decades caused serious problems in the urban areas and a progressive increase in the base-flow towards the gaining rivers. Simulations including effects of future climate scenarios (2017–2030) indicate a further increase in groundwater level in the next decades at a lower rate (ca. 0.3 m/year) with respect to that of the 1970–2016 period (ca. 1 m/year), due to the combined action of decreasing withdrawals and recharge.

3D modelling of a hydrological structure combining spatial data science and geophysics: Application to a coastal aquifer system in the island of Crete, Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Varouchakis ◽  
Leonardo Azevedo ◽  
João L. Pereira ◽  
Ioannis Trichakis ◽  
George P. Karatzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Geostatistical Simulation ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
Aquifer System

<p>Groundwater resources in Mediterranean coastal aquifers are under threat due to overexploitation and climate change impacts, resulting in saltwater intrusion. This situation is deteriorated by the absence of sustainable groundwater resources management plans. Efficient management and monitoring of groundwater systems requires interpreting all sources of available data. This work aims at the development of a set of plausible 3D geological models combining 2D geophysical profiles, spatial data analytics and geostatistical simulation techniques. The resulting set of models represents possible scenarios of the structure of the coastal aquifer system under investigation. Inverted resistivity profiles, along with borehole data, are explored using spatial data science techniques to identify regions associated with higher uncertainty. Relevant parts of the profiles will be used to generate 3D models after detailed Anisotropy and variogram analysis. Multidimensional statistical techniques are then used to select representative models of the true subsurface while exploring the uncertainty space. The resulting models will help to identify primary gaps in existing knowledge about the groundwater system and to optimize the groundwater monitoring network. A comparison with a numerical groundwater flow model will identify similarities and differences and it will be used to develop a typical hydrogeological model, which will aid the management and monitoring of the area's groundwater resources. This work will help the development of a reliable groundwater flow model to investigate future groundwater level fluctuations at the study area under climate change scenarios.</p><p> </p><p>This work was developed under the scope of the InTheMED project. InTheMED is part of the PRIMA programme supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 1923.</p>

scholarly journals The role of hydrogeological setting in two Canadian peatlands investigated through 2D steady-state groundwater flow modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (15) ◽  
pp. 2541-2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Quillet ◽  
Marie Larocque ◽  
Stéphanie Pellerin ◽  
Vincent Cloutier ◽  
Miryane Ferlatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Modelling ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modelling ◽  
Hydrogeological Setting

scholarly journals Deep Learning based assessment of groundwater level development in Germany until 2100

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wunsch ◽  
Tanja Liesch ◽  
Stefan Broda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skill Scores

<p>Clear signs of climate stress on groundwater resources have been observed in recent years even in generally water-rich regions such as Germany. Severe droughts, resulting in decreased groundwater recharge, led to declining groundwater levels in many regions and even local drinking water shortages have occurred in past summers. We investigate how climate change will directly influence the groundwater resources in Germany until the year 2100. For this purpose, we use a machine learning groundwater level forecasting framework, based on Convolutional Neural Networks, which has already proven its suitability in modelling groundwater levels. We predict groundwater levels on more than 120 wells distributed over the entire area of Germany that showed strong reactions to meteorological signals in the past. The inputs are derived from the RCP8.5 scenario of six climate models, pre-selected and pre-processed by the German Meteorological Service, thus representing large parts of the range of the expected change in the next 80 years. Our models are based on precipitation and temperature and are carefully evaluated in the past and only wells with models reaching high forecasting skill scores are included in our study. We only consider natural climate change effects based on meteorological changes, while highly uncertain human factors, such as increased groundwater abstraction or irrigation effects, remain unconsidered due to a lack of reliable input data. We can show significant (p<0.05) declining groundwater levels for a large majority of the considered wells, however, at the same time we interestingly observe the opposite behaviour for a small portion of the considered locations. Further, we show mostly strong increasing variability, thus an increasing number of extreme groundwater events. The spatial patterns of all observed changes reveal stronger decreasing groundwater levels especially in the northern and eastern part of Germany, emphasizing the already existing decreasing trends in these regions</p>

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conservation Biology as it Relates to Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Noll ◽  
Michael Goldsby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Urban Contexts

Climate change continues to have recognizable impacts across the globe, as weather patterns shift and impacts accumulate and intensify. In this wider context, urban areas face significant challenges as they attempt to mitigate dynamic changes at the local level — changes such as those caused by intensifying weather events, the disruption of critical supplies, and the deterioration of local ecosystems. One field that could help urban areas address these challenges is conservation biology. However, this paper presents the argument that work in urban contexts may be especially difficult for conservation biologists. In light of current climate change predictions, conservation biology may need to abandon some of its core values in favor of commitments guiding urban ecology. More broadly, this essay aims to reconcile the goals of restoration and conservation, by reconceptualizing what an ecosystem is, in the context of a world threatened by global climate change.

scholarly journals Direct Impacts of Global Climate Change on Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Roberto San José ◽  
◽  
Juan L. Pérez ◽  
Libia Pérez ◽  
Julia Pecci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate
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