scholarly journals SATELLITE-BASED CHINA’S PM<sub>2.5</sub> POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED PREMATURE MORTALITY MEASUREMENT OVER PAST TWO DECADES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W5 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
B. Zou ◽  
J. You ◽  
X. Fang ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Assessments of the burden of air pollution at the national scale over long-term of time in China would help government managers control historic health impacts of air pollution and institute measures to avoid these risks in future. We took a new 0.01&amp;deg;<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>0.01&amp;deg; satellite-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> dataset to analyse spatial and temporal trends of PM<sub>2.5</sub> associated premature mortality in China from 1998 to 2017. Results showed that national PM<sub>2.5</sub> related deaths from STK, IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI increased from approximately 0.89 million cases in 1998 to the peak of 1.34 million in 2014 and steady declined to 1.17 million cases in 2017. The health burden exhibited strong spatial variations, with high attributable deaths concentrated in regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Guangdong, et al. Changing trends varied from different provinces such as Shandong increased mostly, and Sichuan showed a significant decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the results also showed that the expand directions of premature mortality was similar to that of population and the changing of absolute number of premature mortality more depended on the growth of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. The findings recommend that government should make better policies to the health risk controlling which take population and pollution into consideration than only focus on pollution concentration.</p>

scholarly journals Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O3 Exposure in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11646
Author(s):  
José Texcalac-Sangrador ◽  
Magali Hurtado-Díaz ◽  
Eunice Félix-Arellano ◽  
Carlos Guerrero-López ◽  
Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Avoidable Deaths

Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O3) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O3 Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O3. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O3 in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015. The economic valuation of avoidable deaths related to SOMO35 exposure was performed using the willingness to pay (WTP) and human capital (HC) approaches. We estimated that 627 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 227–1051) from respiratory diseases associated with the exposure to O3 would have been avoided in people over 30 years in the study area, which confirms the public health impacts of ambient air pollution. The avoidable deaths account for almost 1400 million USD under the WTP approach, whilst the HC method yielded a lost productivity estimate of 29.7 million USD due to premature deaths. Our findings represent the first evidence of the health impacts of O3 exposure in Mexico, using SOMO35 metrics.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Trends of Short-Term Health Impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian Cities; a Modelling Approach (2013-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Maryam Yarahmadi ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e474-e482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giani ◽  
Stefano Castruccio ◽  
Alessandro Anav ◽  
Don Howard ◽  
Wenjing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Effects of atmospheric transport and trade on air pollution mortality in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 10367-10381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhao ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xujia Jiang ◽  
Jintai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract. Air quality is a major environmental concern in China, where premature deaths due to air pollution have exceeded 1 million people per year in recent years. Here, using a novel coupling of economic, physical and epidemiological models, we estimate the premature mortality related to anthropogenic outdoor PM2.5 air pollution in seven regions of China in 2010 and show for the first time how the distribution of these deaths in China is determined by a combination of economic activities and physical transport of pollution in the atmosphere. We find that 33 % (338 600 premature deaths) of China's PM2.5-related premature mortality in 2010 were caused by pollutants emitted in a different region of the country and transported in the atmosphere, especially from north to south and from east to west. Trade further extended the cross-regional impact; 56 % of (568 900 premature deaths) China's PM2.5-related premature mortality was related to consumption in another region, including 423 800 (42 % of total) and 145 100 (14 %) premature deaths from domestic consumption and international trade respectively. Our results indicate that multilateral and multi-stage cooperation under a regional sustainable development framework is in urgent need to mitigate air pollution and related health impacts, and efforts to reduce the health impacts of air pollution in China should be prioritized according to the source and location of emissions, the type and economic value of the emitting activities, and the related patterns of consumption.

scholarly journals Long-term spatial and temporal trends in frost indices in Kansas, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aavudai Anandhi ◽  
Sriram Perumal ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Mary Knapp ◽  
Stacy Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

scholarly journals Worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements: a review and synthesis of spatial and temporal trends

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1261-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sprovieri ◽  
N. Pirrone ◽  
R. Ebinghaus ◽  
H. Kock ◽  
A. Dommergue
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

Abstract. A large number of activities have been carried out during the last decade in different regions of the world, including polar regions, aiming to assess the level of mercury (Hg) species in ambient air and in precipitation observing their variation over time and with changing meteorological conditions. Following the discovery of atmospheric Hg depletion events (AMDEs) in Polar Regions several studies have indeed been conducted in order to assess the chemical-physical mechanisms related to AMDEs occurred in polar atmospheres with special attention to the consequences of these phenomena in terms of contamination of polar environment due to the rapid conversion of atmospheric gaseous Hg (Hg0) into reactive and water-soluble forms that may potentially become bioavailable. The understanding of the way in which mercury released to the atmosphere is eventually incorporated into biota is of crucial importance not only for the polar regions but also for the marine environment in general. The world's oceans and seas are in fact both sources and sinks of Hg and although it appears that the atmosphere is the major transport/distribution medium for Hg, because most Hg emissions are to the atmosphere, oceans and seas also play an important role. Currently, however, a coordinated observational network for Hg does not exist. There are a number of state and national programs that are collecting atmospheric Hg data but the parameters monitored, the locations of the monitoring sites and the methods employed may prohibit their utility in assessing Hg long-trend variations. The large increase in mercury emissions in fast developing countries (i.e., China, India) over the last decade due primarily to a sharp increase in energy production from the combustion of coal are not currently reflected in the long-term measurements of total gaseous mercury in ambient air and in precipitation data at several continuous monitoring sites in North Europe and North America. The discrepancy between observed gaseous mercury concentrations (steady or decreasing) and global mercury emission inventories (increasing) is not yet clear however, could be at least in part accounted by the increasing in the potential oxidation of the atmosphere recently documented. Therefore, measurements of other key atmospheric constituents at the global monitoring sites are necessary for us to develop a better understanding of the global redistribution of Hg and to further refine model parameterizations of the key processes. The sharing of data from this network, allowing, in fact, access to comparable and long-term data from a wide array of locations for understanding temporal and spatial patterns of Hg transport, deposition and re-emission process producing thus data that will support the validation of regional and global atmospheric Hg models. This paper presents a detailed overview of atmospheric mercury measurements conducted in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at several terrestrial sites (industrial, rural and remote) during the last decade as well as measurements performed over the world's ocean and seas and in Polar Regions with reference to the monitoring techniques and location of monitoring sites in most of the continents.

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