scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Trends of Short-Term Health Impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian Cities; a Modelling Approach (2013-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Maryam Yarahmadi ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Frost Risk Management in Chickpea Using a Modelling Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Merrill Ryan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Frost Risk ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Modelling Approach

Post-flowering frosts cause appreciable losses to the Australian chickpea industry. The Northern Grains Region (NGR) of Australia, which accounts for nearly 95% of chickpea production in Australia, is frequently subjected to such events. The objective of this study was to map frost risk in chickpea in the NGR and develop strategies to minimise the impacts of such risk. The Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) modelling framework was used to determine spatial and temporal trends in post-flowering frost risk. The NGR could be divided into six broad sub-regions, each delineating locations with similar frost risk. The risk was nearly two to three times greater in the Southern Downs and Darling Downs sub-regions as compared to the Central Queensland Highlands, Dawson Callide, New South Wales, and Northern New South Wales–Western Downs sub-regions. There was an increasing trend in the frequency of frost events in the Southern Downs and New South Wales sub-regions, and a decreasing trend in the Central Queensland Highlands and Dawson Callide sub-regions, consistent with the changing climate of the NGR. In each sub-region, frost risk declined with delayed sowings, but such sowings resulted in simulation of reduced water limited yield potential (unfrosted) as well. The model output was also used to compute 10, 30, 50, and 70% probabilities of the last day of experiencing −3 to 2 °C minimum temperatures and identify the earliest possible sowings that would avoid such temperatures after flowering. Choosing the earliest sowing times with a 30% frost risk could help increase overall yields in environments with high frost risk. Simulations involving genotype x environment x management interactions suggested additional opportunities to minimise frost losses through the adoption of particular cultivars of differing phenology and the use of different agronomy in various environments of the NGR. The study indicates that there is considerable variation in frost risk across the NGR and that manipulating flowering times either through time of sowing or cultivar choice could assist in minimising yield losses in chickpea due to frost.

scholarly journals SATELLITE-BASED CHINA’S PM<sub>2.5</sub> POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED PREMATURE MORTALITY MEASUREMENT OVER PAST TWO DECADES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W5 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
B. Zou ◽  
J. You ◽  
X. Fang ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Assessments of the burden of air pollution at the national scale over long-term of time in China would help government managers control historic health impacts of air pollution and institute measures to avoid these risks in future. We took a new 0.01&amp;deg;<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>0.01&amp;deg; satellite-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> dataset to analyse spatial and temporal trends of PM<sub>2.5</sub> associated premature mortality in China from 1998 to 2017. Results showed that national PM<sub>2.5</sub> related deaths from STK, IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI increased from approximately 0.89 million cases in 1998 to the peak of 1.34 million in 2014 and steady declined to 1.17 million cases in 2017. The health burden exhibited strong spatial variations, with high attributable deaths concentrated in regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Guangdong, et al. Changing trends varied from different provinces such as Shandong increased mostly, and Sichuan showed a significant decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the results also showed that the expand directions of premature mortality was similar to that of population and the changing of absolute number of premature mortality more depended on the growth of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. The findings recommend that government should make better policies to the health risk controlling which take population and pollution into consideration than only focus on pollution concentration.</p>

Spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 230 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 83-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Muir ◽  
B Braune ◽  
B DeMarch ◽  
R Norstrom ◽  
R Wagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

Spatial and temporal trends in soil salinity for identifying perched and deep groundwater systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thomas ◽  
R. W. Fitzpatrick ◽  
G. S. Heinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

scholarly journals The casual effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and short-term health impacts in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 117988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yumin ◽  
Li Shiyuan ◽  
Huang Ling ◽  
Liu Ziyi ◽  
Zhu Yonghui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Spatial Disparities of COVID-19 Cases and Fatalities in United States Counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8259
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Jackson ◽  
Sahar Derakhshan ◽  
Leah Blackwood ◽  
Logan Lee ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Mitigation Policies

This paper examines the spatial and temporal trends in county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (January 2020–January 2021). Statistical and geospatial analyses highlight greater impacts in the Great Plains, Southwestern and Southern regions based on cases and fatalities per 100,000 population. Significant case and fatality spatial clusters were most prevalent between November 2020 and January 2021. Distinct urban–rural differences in COVID-19 experiences uncovered higher rural cases and fatalities per 100,000 population and fewer government mitigation actions enacted in rural counties. High levels of social vulnerability and the absence of mitigation policies were significantly associated with higher fatalities, while existing community resilience had more influential spatial explanatory power. Using differences in percentage unemployment changes between 2019 and 2020 as a proxy for pre-emergent recovery revealed urban counties were hit harder in the early months of the pandemic, corresponding with imposed government mitigation policies. This longitudinal, place-based study confirms some early urban–rural patterns initially observed in the pandemic, as well as the disparate COVID-19 experiences among socially vulnerable populations. The results are critical in identifying geographic disparities in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes and providing the evidentiary basis for targeting pandemic recovery.

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