scholarly journals Bangladesh's vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélia Bernard ◽  
Nathalie Long ◽  
Mélanie Becker ◽  
Jamal Khan ◽  
Sylvie Fanchette
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Vulnerable Area ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Abstract. In the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, covering most of Bangladesh, more than 165 million people live in low-lying coasts facing major extreme climatic events, such as cyclones. This article reviews the current scientific literature publications (2007–2020) in order to define vulnerability in the context of coastal Bangladesh facing cyclonic flooding. Based on this review, a new metric, called socio-spatial vulnerability index (SSVI), is defined as function of both the probability of the cyclonic flood hazard and the sensitivity of delta inhabitants. The main result shows that the districts of Shariatpur, Chandpur and Barisal situated in the tidal floodplain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, are in the fourth quartile, i.e. highest category. These districts are very densely populated (from 870 up to 1400 inhabitants/km2) and exposed to inundation hazards, and host a large number of vulnerability factors. Finally, the delta's mouth was identified as a very vulnerable area to cyclonic flooding.

scholarly journals Urban Vulnerability Assessment for Pandemic Surveillance—The COVID-19 Case in Bogotá, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Jeisson Prieto ◽  
Rafael Malagón ◽  
Jonatan Gomez ◽  
Elizabeth León
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Urban Vulnerability

A pandemic devastates the lives of global citizens and causes significant economic, social, and political disruption. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of pandemics has increased over the past century because of increased global travel and integration, urbanization, and changes in land use with a profound affectation of society–nature metabolism. Further, evidence concerning the urban character of the pandemic has underlined the role of cities in disease transmission. An early assessment of the severity of infection and transmissibility can help quantify the pandemic potential and prioritize surveillance to control highly vulnerable urban areas in pandemics. In this paper, an Urban Vulnerability Assessment (UVA) methodology is proposed. UVA investigates various vulnerability factors related to pandemics to assess the vulnerability in urban areas. A vulnerability index is constructed by the aggregation of multiple vulnerability factors computed on each urban area (i.e., urban density, poverty index, informal labor, transmission routes). This methodology is useful in a-priori evaluation and development of policies and programs aimed at reducing disaster risk (DRR) at different scales (i.e., addressing urban vulnerability at national, regional, and provincial scales), under diverse scenarios of resources scarcity (i.e., short and long-term actions), and for different audiences (i.e., the general public, policy-makers, international organizations). The applicability of UVA is shown by the identification of high vulnerable areas based on publicly available data where surveillance should be prioritized in the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia.

scholarly journals Assessing Impact of Climate Variability in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sabrina Mehzabin ◽  
M. Shahjahan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the variability of rainfall and temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh and assessed the impact of such variability on local livelihood in the last two decades. The variability analysis involved the use of coefficient of variation (CV), standardized precipitation anomaly (Z), and precipitation concentration index (PCI). Linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the trends, and a Mann–Kendall test was performed to detect the significance of the trends. The impact of climate variability was assessed by using a livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), which consisted of six livelihood components with several sub-components under each component. Primary data to construct the LVIs were collected through a semi-structed questionnaire survey of 132 households in a coastal polder. The survey data were triangulated and supplemented with qualitative data from focused group discussions and key informant interviews. The results showed significant rises in temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Though there were no discernable trends in annual and seasonal rainfalls, the anomalies increased in the dry season. The annual PCI and Z were found to capture the climate variability better than the currently used mean monthly standard deviation. The comparison of the LVIs of the present decade with the past indicated that the livelihood vulnerability, particularly in the water component, had increased in the coastal polder due to the increases in natural hazards and climate variability. The index-based vulnerability analysis conducted in this study can be adapted for livelihood vulnerability assessment in deltaic coastal areas of Asia and Africa.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO THE IMPACT OF FLOOD HAZARD: A CASE STUDY OF KOPILI RIVER BASIN, ASSAM, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
S. V. Shiva Prasad Sharma ◽  
P. S. Roy ◽  
V. Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the present study, an attempt is made to understand the impact on Social Vulnerability of the Kopili basin due to various severities of flood hazard. The flood hazard is generated using multi-temporal historical satellite based analysis and integration of annual flood inundation layers. The census of India data of 2001 and 2011 is spatially joined with village database to study the impact at village level. Using 5 Census variables from both Census 2001 &amp;amp; 2011 as vulnerability indicators, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is derived and classified into various vulnerable zones namely Low, Moderate and High Vulnerable zones. The findings of the study show that the number of villages falling in Low and High Vulnerable zones had decreased during Census 2011 when compared to 2001 and a rise of 6% in villages falling in moderate vulnerable zones during 2011 is observed. The spatial database generated is useful to understand the impact of floods on the Social Vulnerability status of the basin and can be a useful input to further study the Physical, Economic and Environmental Vulnerabilities of the basin.</p>

scholarly journals Coastal Flooding in the Maldives Induced by Mean Sea-Level Rise and Wind-Waves: From Global to Local Coastal Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Amores ◽  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Rodrigo Pedreros ◽  
Gonéri Le Cozannet ◽  
Sophie Lecacheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Mean Sea Level

The Maldives, with one of the lowest average land elevations above present-day mean sea level, is among the world regions that will be the most impacted by mean sea-level rise and marine extreme events induced by climate change. Yet, the lack of regional and local information on marine drivers is a major drawback that coastal decision-makers face to anticipate the impacts of climate change along the Maldivian coastlines. In this study we focus on wind-waves, the main driver of extremes causing coastal flooding in the region. We dynamically downscale large-scale fields from global wave models, providing a valuable source of climate information along the coastlines with spatial resolution down to 500 m. This dataset serves to characterise the wave climate around the Maldives, with applications in regional development and land reclamation, and is also an essential input for local flood hazard modelling. We illustrate this with a case study of HA Hoarafushi, an atoll island where local topo-bathymetry is available. This island is exposed to the highest incoming waves in the archipelago and recently saw development of an airport island on its reef via land reclamation. Regional waves are propagated toward the shoreline using a phase-resolving model and coastal inundation is simulated under different mean sea-level rise conditions of up to 1 m above present-day mean sea level. The results are represented as risk maps with different hazard levels gathering inundation depth and speed, providing a clear evidence of the impacts of the sea level rise combined with extreme wave events.

scholarly journals Earthquake Vulnerability Mapping using Binary Comparison Matrix and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in Lalmatia, Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzila Aktar Shawon ◽  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zibon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Akter Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Defective Structure ◽  
Comparison Matrix ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract From the historical records, geological evident and recent trends in earthquake, it is evident that Bangladesh is in a high-risk zone of earthquake hazard. The recent results of the CDMP, if a huge earthquake greater or equal to seven magnitude happened in this country, would lead to a serious human tragedy due to the defective structure. In Lalmatia, Dhaka study area there are various types of structures as like as RCC, masonry, semi-pucca etc. and the area has different old and newly filled soil development. This study considered the characteristics of RCC building elements and their behaviors to assess the risk against earthquake vulnerability in Lalmatia using the Turkish method. Next building vulnerability from Turkish Method used as one total vulnerability factor. In the method of this research, a pair wise comparison matrix for a numerical relationship between two elements and the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model has been applied to decide in weight and to get rank of the vulnerability factors. By weighted sum vector among the six factors and calculating vulnerability index (VI), the overall vulnerability were identified in Lalmatia. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and defining an ordinal scale of calculated result, the vulnerability status of single buildings of the study area is presented here. This research tells that 8.23% buildings are highly vulnerable and 14.24% buildings are moderately vulnerable to earthquake. About 77.53% buildings are less vulnerable. As the study area is in a major urban center (Dhaka City), the scenario of unplanned urbanization increases the overall vulnerability to higher scale.

scholarly journals Applying principles of uncertainty within coastal hazard assessments to better support coastal adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Stephens ◽  
RG Bell ◽  
Judith Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Hazard Assessments

© 2017 by the authors. Coastal hazards result from erosion of the shore, or flooding of low-elevation land when storm surges combine with high tides and/or large waves. Future sea-level rise will greatly increase the frequency and depth of coastal flooding and will exacerbate erosion and raise groundwater levels, forcing vulnerable communities to adapt. Communities, local councils and infrastructure operators will need to decide when and how to adapt. The process of decision making using adaptive pathways approaches, is now being applied internationally to plan for adaptation over time by anticipating tipping points in the future when planning objectives are no longer being met. This process requires risk and uncertainty considerations to be transparent in the scenarios used in adaptive planning. We outline a framework for uncertainty identification and management within coastal hazard assessments. The framework provides a logical flow from the land use situation, to the related level of uncertainty as determined by the situation, to which hazard scenarios to model, to the complexity level of hazard modeling required, and to the possible decision type. Traditionally, coastal flood hazard maps show inundated areas only. We present enhanced maps of flooding depth and frequency which clearly show the degree of hazard exposure, where that exposure occurs, and how the exposure changes with sea-level rise, to better inform adaptive planning processes. The new uncertainty framework and mapping techniques can better inform identification of trigger points for adaptation pathways planning and their expected time range, compared to traditional coastal flooding hazard assessments.

scholarly journals Household’s Agricultural Vulnerability to Climate Induced Disasters: A Case on South-west Coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ayatullah Khan ◽  
Kazi Humayun Kabir ◽  
Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Rashmia Sultana ◽  
Sardar Al Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Coastal Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Vulnerability ◽  
Farm Credit ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Climatic events have a significant impact on south-western coastal agriculture in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to assess household’s agricultural vulnerability to climate-induced disasters and to identify the sub-indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the agricultural vulnerability to climate-induced disasters of south-western coastal households in Bangladesh. The vulnerability has been calculated by taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concept through an Agricultural Vulnerability Index (AVI). Then, the ordered logit model has been employed to identify the key sub-indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the agricultural vulnerability to climate-induced disasters. A survey of 346 household heads from the two villages (181 household’s head from Sutarkhali and 165 household’s head from Nalian) of Sutarkhali Union of Dacope Upazila under Khulna District has been used in this study. Findings reveal that the mean score of Sutarkhali is 0.703 (high) for exposure, 0.762 (high) for sensitivity, 0.397 (low) for adaptive capacity and finally, the AVI is 0.689 (high). In the same fashion, Nalian has an average score of 0.658 (high) for exposure, 0.681 (high) for sensitivity, 0.410 (low) for adaptive capacity, and finally 0.643 (high) for the AVI. Non-farm employment, ownership of livestock, access to irrigation pump, improved crop diversification/ saline tolerant High Yielding Variety (HYV) crops, and access to farm credit have been found statistically significant sub-indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the agricultural vulnerability of both study sites. Finally, it is recommended that the intervention required for coastal adaptation of agriculture should be initiated by respective authorities.

scholarly journals The effects of changing land use and flood hazard on poverty in coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani Adnan ◽  
Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah ◽  
Ashraf Dewan ◽  
Jim W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document