Assessing Impact of Climate Variability in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index

This study analyzed the variability of rainfall and temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh and assessed the impact of such variability on local livelihood in the last two decades. The variability analysis involved the use of coefficient of variation (CV), standardized precipitation anomaly (Z), and precipitation concentration index (PCI). Linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the trends, and a Mann–Kendall test was performed to detect the significance of the trends. The impact of climate variability was assessed by using a livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), which consisted of six livelihood components with several sub-components under each component. Primary data to construct the LVIs were collected through a semi-structed questionnaire survey of 132 households in a coastal polder. The survey data were triangulated and supplemented with qualitative data from focused group discussions and key informant interviews. The results showed significant rises in temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Though there were no discernable trends in annual and seasonal rainfalls, the anomalies increased in the dry season. The annual PCI and Z were found to capture the climate variability better than the currently used mean monthly standard deviation. The comparison of the LVIs of the present decade with the past indicated that the livelihood vulnerability, particularly in the water component, had increased in the coastal polder due to the increases in natural hazards and climate variability. The index-based vulnerability analysis conducted in this study can be adapted for livelihood vulnerability assessment in deltaic coastal areas of Asia and Africa.

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An Investigation into the Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Meteorological Drought in Jordan

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli7060082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haitham Aladaileh ◽

Mohammed Al Qinna ◽

Barta Karoly ◽

Emad Al-Karablieh ◽

János Rakonczai

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Hierarchical Clustering ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Drought Event ◽

Mann Kendall Test ◽

The Impact

Following the impact of droughts witnessed during the last decade there is an urgent need to develop a drought management strategy, policy framework, and action plan for Jordan. This study aims to provide a historical baseline using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and meteorological drought maps, and to investigate the spatial and temporal trends using long-term historical precipitation records. Specifically, this study is based on the statistical analysis of 38 years of monthly rainfall data, gathered from all 29 meteorological stations that cover Jordan. The Mann–Kendall test and linear regression analysis were used to uncover evidence of long-term trends in precipitation. Drought indices were used for calculating the meteorological SPI on an annual (SPI12), 6-months (SPI6), and 3-months basis (SPI3). At each level, every drought event was characterized according to its duration, interval, and intensity. Then, drought maps were generated using interpolation kriging to investigate the spatial extent of drought events, while drought patterns were temporally characterized using multilinear regression and spatial grouped using the hierarchical clustering technique. Both annual and monthly trend analyses and the Mann–Kendall test indicated significant reduction of precipitation in time for all weather stations except for Madaba. The rate of decrease is estimated at approximately 1.8 mm/year for the whole country. The spatial SPI krig maps that were generated suggest the presence of two drought types in the spatial dimension: Local and national. Local droughts reveal no actual observed trends or repeatable patterns of occurrence. However, looking at meteorological droughts across all time scales indicated that Jordan is facing an increasing number of local droughts. With a probability of occurrence of once every two years to three years. On the other hand, extreme national droughts occur once every 15 to 20 years and last for two or more consecutive years. Linear trends indicated significant increase in drought magnitude by time with a rate of 0.02 (p < 0.0001). Regression analysis indicated that draught in Jordan is time dependent (p < 0.001) rather than being spatially dependent (p > 0.99). Hierarchical clustering was able to group national draughts into three zones, namely the northern zone, the eastern zone, and the southern zone. This study highlights the urgent need for a monitoring program to investigate local and national drought impacts on all sectors, as well as the development of a set of proactive risk management measures and preparedness plans for various physiographic regions.

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Gender Influence on Access to and Control of Resources for Coping to Climate Variability. A Case of Mbita Fisher Community, Homa Bay County, Kenya

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1130262 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-18

Author(s):

Robert David Lubalo Onyango ◽

Christopher Oludhe ◽

Doris Amwata

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Fish Distribution ◽

Primary Data ◽

P Value ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Global warming effects have far reaching impacts of livelihoods of many rural communities including fishers. It is in record that fishing accounts for world’s 36 million fishers nearly 1.5 billion consumers who rely on fish for their dietary animal protein. Past studies have concentrated on fisher communities and climate variability in marine waters and oceans; mainly investigating the impact of climate variability on fish distribution and production. Limited focus has addressed the interaction between impacts of climate change on the fishing activities on inland and fresh waters such as in Lake Victoria and the fishers coping and adapting with changes and variability of climate. The discussions in this article focused on Lake Victoria shore location of Mbita where the livelihood of local community is largely fishing. The objectives were to: Determine the influence of gender on access and control of fisher resources for climate adaptation in Mbita sub-county; Document the current coping strategies and constraints to Climate variability/change in Mbita sub-county. The study used a constructivist epistemology and the mixed methods research design to help it achieve its findings. Yamane’s formula (1964) is used to get the sample size of 388 respondents out of a population of 13191. Primary data was collected through use of questionnaires, interview schedules for KII and FGDs. Secondary data collection was collected through document reviews of relevant past studies reports and working papers on (temperature/rainfall data) of Mbita for the last 30 years data to get the trend of these elements and to determine climate variability and change. The instruments were validated using experts’ content validity with the supervisors. Piloting was used to ascertain reliability of the instruments Analysis was accomplished using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. Presentation was done in descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that there was gender discrimination in access and control of resources which support adaptive activities that makes women more vulnerable to Climate Variability/Change hazards and disasters. The study further found that adaptation requires access and control of factors of production which were traditionally under the control of male fishers making women more vulnerable and susceptible to surviving through chamas and table banking activities. Statistically access to and control was significant to adaptation at p-value of 0.000. Under coping strategies the study found that adaptation required transformation of mind set that called for bigger investment which required the collaboration and consultation of entire Mbita community and county government to address environmental and conservative resource utility. The study concluded that lack of alternative livelihood opportunities/options is the major constraints to adaptation for people living in the Lake Victoria region escalated with limitation of skills outside fishing industry, limitation of other employable professional skills including lack of capital. The study recommends a transdiciplinary concientization of adaptive strategies which can translate into flexible and sustainable climate change adaptation and gender inclusive livelihood activities. Future research should explore participatory action research on environmental influences affecting CCA by comparing findings across other beaches and livelihoods to see if gendered resources have any role in their adaptation.

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The Impact of Discipline and Motivation Towards Employee Performance in The Permata Pamulang Hospital

International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics ◽

10.33122/ijase.v2i1.150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucia Maduningtias

Keyword(s):

Employee Performance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Simple Correlation ◽

Hospital Employees ◽

Simultaneous Test ◽

Constant Determination ◽

The Impact ◽

Linear Regressions

The purpose of this study is to figure out the impact of motivation and discipline toward the employee performance in The Permata Pamulang Hospital both partially and simultaneously. This study used saturated samples, so all of 55 hospital employees in The Permata Pamulang Hospital be respondents from this study. The data-collecting tool that was used is a questionnaire, and the data used is primary data. Data collected was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis with hypothetical test, with partial test (t) and simultaneous test (F). The analysis results of the disciplinary and motivational impact towards employee performance in Permata Pamulang Hospital with simple correlation number = 0,857, it means that discipline and motivation have a moderate level of relation towards employee performance. In equations of multiple linear regressions, it was obtained Y = 4,097 + 0.48 X1 + 0.53 X2, which means that when X variable is increased to 1 unit, thus Y variable will increase to 0.48 + 0.53 units at 4,907 constant. Determination coefficient values of 72% show that the amount of disciplinary and motivational variables in the effort to increase the employee performance, the other 28% were affected by other unstudied variables in this study. After significant testing by using the "t test", it was obtained that t-count > t-table where 4,320 > 2,007 which means Ho was rejected and Ha is accepted, this means there is a significant influence between discipline and motivation toward employee performance in The Permata Pamulang Hospital.

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Pengaruh Penerapan PSAK 45 dan Ketepatwaktuan Penyampaian Laporan Keuangan terhadap Akuntabilitas Laporan Keuangan Organisasi Nirlaba

Owner ◽

10.33395/owner.v5i2.479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 429-441

Author(s):

Olivia Lungit Astari Putri ◽

Sri Ayem

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Accounting Standards ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Non Profit ◽

The Impact ◽

Special Region

Non-profit organizations/institutions need to comply with regulations in managing financial reports. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of using PSAK No. 45 and timely submission of financial reports to accountability for these financial statements. The population used is the Yogyakarta Special Region Social Foundation. Sampling using purposive sampling. This research is quantitative with primary data in the form of questionnaires and multiple linear regression analysis methods to test hypotheses. The results found in this study are the application of PSAK No. 45 partially have a positive and significant impact on the accountability of financial statements, and the timeliness of the submission of financial statements partially has a positive and significant impact on the accountability of financial statements. In addition, the application of PSAK No. 45 and the timely submission of financial reports simultaneously or simultaneously also affects the accountability of financial statements by 43.7%. So, every non-profit organization must apply accounting standards in its financial statements and these financial statements must be submitted in a timely manner to be accountable. This study applies compliance theory to prove the research results and support the authors' ideas.

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Spatio-temporal variability of streamflow in the Huaihe River Basin, China: climate variability or human activities?

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2017.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 177-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zharong Pan ◽

Xiaohong Ruan ◽

Mingkai Qian ◽

Jian Hua ◽

Nan Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

River Basin ◽

Human Activities ◽

River System ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Driving Factor ◽

Huaihe River Basin ◽

Huaihe River ◽

The Huaihe River ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe water shortage in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), China, has been aggravated by population growth and climate change. To identify the characteristics of streamflow change and assess the impact of climate variability and human activities on hydrological processes, approximately 50 years of natural and observed streamflow data from 20 hydrological stations were examined. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect trends. The results showed the following. (i) Both the natural and the observed streamflow in the HRB present downward trends, and the decreasing rate of observed streamflow is generally faster than that of the natural streamflow. (ii) For the whole period, negative trends dominate in the four seasons in the basin. The highest decreasing trends for two kinds of streamflow both occurred in spring, and the lowest ones were in autumn and winter. (iii) Based on the above analysis and quantifying assessment for streamflow decrease, human activity was the main driving factor in the Xuanwu (80.78%), Zhuangqiao (79.92%), Yongcheng (74.80%), and Mengcheng (64.73%) stations which all belong to the Huaihe River System (HRS). On the other hand, climate variability was the major driving factor in the Daguanzhuang (68.89%) and Linyi (63.38%) stations which all belong to the Yishusi River System (YSR).

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Communities’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Variability in Ethiopia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Misganaw Teshager Abeje ◽

Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽

Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽

Zerihun Nigussie ◽

Enyew Adgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Adaptive Capacity ◽

Policy Development ◽

Composite Index ◽

Household Survey ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Sustainable Livelihood

Ethiopia has experienced more than 10 major drought episodes since the 1970s. Evidence has shown that climate change exacerbates the situation and presents a daunting challenge to predominantly rain-fed agricultural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent and sources of smallholder famers’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change/variability in the Upper Blue Nile basin. We conducted a household survey (n = 391) across three distinct agroecological communities and a formative composite index of livelihood vulnerability (LVI) was constructed. The Mann–Kendall test and the standard precipitation index (SPI) were employed to analyze trends of rainfall, temperature, and drought prevalence for the period from 1982 to 2016. The communities across watersheds showed a relative difference in the overall livelihood vulnerability index. Aba Gerima (midland) was found to be more vulnerable, with a score of 0.37, while Guder (highland) had a relatively lower LVI with a 0.34 index score. Given similar exposure to climate variability and drought episodes, communities’ livelihood vulnerability was mainly attributed to their low adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity indicators. Adaptive capacity was largely constrained by a lack of participation in community-based organizations and a lack of income diversification. This study will have practical implications for policy development in heterogeneous agroecological regions for sustainable livelihood development and climate change adaptation programs.

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DAMPAK VARIABILITAS IKLIM DAN MEKANISME ADAPTIF MASYARAKAT PETANI DI KAWASAN BERIKLIM KERING (KASUS DESA BORONUBAEN DAN DESA TAUNBAEN TIMUR, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR)

Sodality Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan ◽

10.22500/sodality.v4i2.13383 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eka Intan Kumala Putri ◽

Nurmala K Pandjaitan

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Farming Community ◽

Adaptation Mechanisms ◽

Livelihood Systems ◽

The Impact ◽

Improve Food Security

ABSTRACT Climate variability led to a number of risks to the agricultural production process and the risk of shocks to the livelihood systems, which ultimately impat on the resilience of households farmer. The purpose of the research: (1) identify the impact of climate variability on regional farms and farmer households, 2) the ways to anticipate and type of adaptive response of households farmer as effort to survive, 3) the direction change of the socio-economic, institutional and socio-ecological that accompany the adaptation process at household and community farmerslevel, and 4) to formulate suggestionthe adaptation mechanisms of households farmerin response the climate variability, which impacts on food security temporarily. The results showed in 2015, 2nd study areas is long drought.The Changes in productivity of rice crops due to climate variability in the Taunbaen Timurvillagehigher than Boronubaenvillage. The condition is supported by calculations Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) showed household farmers in the Taunbaen Timur is more vulnerable than Boronubaen village household farmers. Food insecurity in the two villages is not only due to drought and pests, but also due to the high dependence on rice, making farming community poorer. To improve food security and resilience of householdfarmers income, need to increase public physical capital. Keywords: climate variability, vulnerability, resilience, food insecurity, livelihood.ABSTRAK Variabilitas iklim menyebabkan sejumlah risiko terhadap proses produksi pertanian dan risiko guncangan pada sistem penghidupan, yangakhirnya berdampak pada resiliensi rumahtangga petani. Tujuan penelitian yaitu (1) mengidentifikasidampak variabilitas iklim pada kawasanusahatani dan rumahtangga petani, 2)cara-cara mengantisipasi dan tipe respons adaptif rumahtangga petani dalam upaya bertahan hidup, 3) arah perubahan sistem sosio-ekonomi, kelembagaan dan sosio-ekologi yang menyertai proses adaptasi di tingkat rumahtangga dan komunitas petani, dan 4) memformulasi usulan mekanisme adaptasi rumahtangga petani dalam merespon variabilitas iklim, yang berdampak terhadap ketahanan pangan temporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahun 2015, ke-2 desa penelitian, mengalami kekeringan yang cukup panjang. Perubahan produktivitas tanaman padi akibat variabilitas iklim di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih tinggi daripada di Desa Boronubaen. Kondisi tersebut didukung oleh perhitungan Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) menunjukkan petani di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih rentan dari pada petani Kelurahan Boronubaen terhadap variabilitas iklim. Kerawanan pangan di dua desa penelitian bukan hanya disebabkan oleh kekeringan dan hama penyakit, tetapi juga akibat ketergantungan beras yang tinggi, membuat komunitas petani semakin miskin.Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani, perlu peningkatan modal fisik yang bersifat publik. Kata kunci: variabilitas iklim, kerentanan, resiliensi, kerawanan pangan, nafkah.

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Analysis of Brand Communication and Brand Image Impact on Brand Loyalty with Brand Trust as Intervening Variables

Management Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/maj.v9i4.41931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 425-433

Author(s):

Achmad Junaidi ◽

Selvia Hendrayati ◽

Yoga Nindhita ◽

Oki hardiyanti Rukmana Sari

Keyword(s):

Brand Loyalty ◽

Brand Image ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Brand Trust ◽

Z Score ◽

Brand Communication ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This study aims to determine the impact of brand communication and brand image on brand loyalty both directly and through brand trust. This research was conducted in the city of Semarang, and as a population are consumers of Crocodile Junior products in Paragon Mall Semarang. The sample used amounted to 100. Data collection techniques using accidential sampling. Primary data in this study were obtained from the distribution of closed question questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression analysis with the application of SPSS 24. The results showed that the brand communication variable significantly influenced the brand image with a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Brand pronunciation has a significant effect on brand trust with a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Brand image has a significant effect on brand trust with a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Brand trust has a significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Based on the sobel test, the brand image variable can be a moderating variable between brand communication and brand trust with z sobel 6.778> z score 1.96. Besides, brand trust can be a moderating variable between brand communication and brand loyalty with z sobel 3,813> z score 1.96. Brand trust can be a moderating variable between brand image and brand loyalty with z sobel 7,365> z score 1.96.

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A STUDY OF IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE NEGOTIATION IN REALIZATION OF PROCUREMENT GOALS IN REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i7.2018.260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 65-77

Author(s):

Boye Benedict Ayantoyinbo ◽

Benjamin Babajide Oguntola

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Negotiation Strategy ◽

Strategic Sourcing ◽

Procurement Cost ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

Private Universities in Nigeria have a relentless goal of keeping their procurement cost down as most of them depend solely on tution fees. In the past, companies would mostly look to make cost-savings from headcount reductions or internal re-organisation. Now they are increasingly turning to procurement and strategic sourcing as a means for cost reduction in procurement. The study examined the impact of effective negotiation in realization of procurement goals in Redeemer’s University. The research was conducted through the use of self-administered questionnaire to obtain primary data. The study had sample size of 206. Purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents that are involved in procurement for the University for the Study. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analysis were used in analyzing the obtained data. The results indicated that effective negotiation is a strong procurement strategy in Redeemer’s University and has a significant impact in realization of procurement goals. The study concluded that Redeemer’s University procurement goals are realizable with effective negotiation strategy.

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Analysis of factor’s influencing the adoption of e-teaching methodology of learning by students: an empirical study amidst the present pandemic crisis

Asian Journal of Economics and Banking ◽

10.1108/ajeb-12-2020-0112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ashish Chandra ◽

Nitish Bagdi

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Online Teaching ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Teaching Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education ideology across the globe. The education system has drastically shifted from traditional ways of teaching toward online teaching mechanism. This study aims to conduct an analysis of factors influencing the adoption of the e-teaching methodology of learning by students amidst the present pandemic crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on primary data and a survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire with a sample size of 216 respondents from various universities in India. Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation, the goodness of fit, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Findings Furthermore, the results obtained stated that attitude and usefulness proved to be statistically significant as the two variables contribute a statistically significant number of predictions to the practice of adoption of the e-teaching methodology by students. Additionally, it was found out that students there is a strong requirement from the institute and teachers’ part to motivate the students to take interest in e-teaching and students should be given an opportunity to develop a sense of empowerment so, that they can feel comfortable and can discuss their query’s confident during the e-classes. Research limitations/implications This study was completed within a time constraint. So, the sample size is small i.e. 216 and variables, which influence the adoption of the e-teaching methodology of learning by students are not exhaustive. There might be many other variables, which are still unexplored and should have been part of this study. Practical implications This study will be beneficial for the education sector to better understand the impact of e-teaching methodologies on the learning and development of students in a more practical way. Originality/value The study adds value to the literature in the domain of online teaching and the level of e-learning from students’ perspectives in the era of this new pandemic crisis. Then, will be beneficial for not only the students but also will help the institution and teachers to understand the mindset of the students in detail and can improve the way knowledge is delivered to the students by the means of e-classes in a sustainable way.

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