scholarly journals Earthquake Vulnerability Mapping using Binary Comparison Matrix and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in Lalmatia, Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzila Aktar Shawon ◽  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zibon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Akter Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Defective Structure ◽  
Comparison Matrix ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract From the historical records, geological evident and recent trends in earthquake, it is evident that Bangladesh is in a high-risk zone of earthquake hazard. The recent results of the CDMP, if a huge earthquake greater or equal to seven magnitude happened in this country, would lead to a serious human tragedy due to the defective structure. In Lalmatia, Dhaka study area there are various types of structures as like as RCC, masonry, semi-pucca etc. and the area has different old and newly filled soil development. This study considered the characteristics of RCC building elements and their behaviors to assess the risk against earthquake vulnerability in Lalmatia using the Turkish method. Next building vulnerability from Turkish Method used as one total vulnerability factor. In the method of this research, a pair wise comparison matrix for a numerical relationship between two elements and the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model has been applied to decide in weight and to get rank of the vulnerability factors. By weighted sum vector among the six factors and calculating vulnerability index (VI), the overall vulnerability were identified in Lalmatia. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and defining an ordinal scale of calculated result, the vulnerability status of single buildings of the study area is presented here. This research tells that 8.23% buildings are highly vulnerable and 14.24% buildings are moderately vulnerable to earthquake. About 77.53% buildings are less vulnerable. As the study area is in a major urban center (Dhaka City), the scenario of unplanned urbanization increases the overall vulnerability to higher scale.

scholarly journals Urban Vulnerability Assessment for Pandemic Surveillance—The COVID-19 Case in Bogotá, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Jeisson Prieto ◽  
Rafael Malagón ◽  
Jonatan Gomez ◽  
Elizabeth León
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Urban Vulnerability

A pandemic devastates the lives of global citizens and causes significant economic, social, and political disruption. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of pandemics has increased over the past century because of increased global travel and integration, urbanization, and changes in land use with a profound affectation of society–nature metabolism. Further, evidence concerning the urban character of the pandemic has underlined the role of cities in disease transmission. An early assessment of the severity of infection and transmissibility can help quantify the pandemic potential and prioritize surveillance to control highly vulnerable urban areas in pandemics. In this paper, an Urban Vulnerability Assessment (UVA) methodology is proposed. UVA investigates various vulnerability factors related to pandemics to assess the vulnerability in urban areas. A vulnerability index is constructed by the aggregation of multiple vulnerability factors computed on each urban area (i.e., urban density, poverty index, informal labor, transmission routes). This methodology is useful in a-priori evaluation and development of policies and programs aimed at reducing disaster risk (DRR) at different scales (i.e., addressing urban vulnerability at national, regional, and provincial scales), under diverse scenarios of resources scarcity (i.e., short and long-term actions), and for different audiences (i.e., the general public, policy-makers, international organizations). The applicability of UVA is shown by the identification of high vulnerable areas based on publicly available data where surveillance should be prioritized in the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia.

scholarly journals Analysis and validation of the PTVA tsunami building vulnerability model using the 2015 Chile post-tsunami damage data in Coquimbo and La Serena cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Izquierdo ◽  
Eduardo Fritis ◽  
Manuel Abad
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract. Chile is highly exposed to tsunami hazard from large earthquakes often occurring along the Peru–Chile trench, like the 16 September 2015 event. However, only recently has tsunami hazard been considered in the land-use policies of the Chilean coast. These new regulations must enforce the identification of the most vulnerable sectors of the Chilean coastal cities. This paper analyses and validates the two latest versions of the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) model in the 2015 tsunami reconstructed scenario in the cities of La Serena and Coquimbo. Both models result in a similar number of very high and high relative vulnerability index (RVI) scores. However, the less vulnerable categories do not show a similar trend and the PTVA-4 model obtains a larger number of minor and average RVI scores. When compared to the damages caused by the tsunami, the PTVA-3 shows a more similar distribution to the actual damages than that obtained by the PTVA-4 model, which shows a more concentrated distribution of the RVI scores. These results suggest this version of the model should be used in Chilean coastal cities in future land-use or mitigation planning.

scholarly journals Global Retrofitting Strategies for an Existing Three-storied RC School Building in Mandalay, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiri Thwe ◽  
Nang Su Le′ Mya Thwin ◽  
Ne Min Hein
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Walls ◽  
Existing Building

Low to severe earthquakes occur around the world every year, damaging and causing structural failure in buildings. Consequently, seismic improvements are required for existing buildings that are vulnerable to damage by seismic forces. The objective of this study was to investigate retrofitting strategies in terms of their sustainability. Mandalay, Myanmar, was selected as the study area as it is located near the Sagaing fault, which itself is in a strong earthquake zone (seismic zone 4). A three-storied RC building with a non-seismic design was selected as a case study building. An investigation was carried out into the performance and vulnerability of the building under three earthquake hazard levels. The vulnerability index value was calculated using the Priority Index method. Meanwhile, non-linear static pushover analysis was performed to investigate the performance of the existing building using SAP2000 V14 software. Four different types of retrofitting strategies were considered, namely reinforced concrete shear walls with openings, reinforced concrete shear walls without openings, steel plate shear walls, and finally steel bracing. Among these, it was found that the use of steel plate shear walls was the best retrofitting technique, owing to it having the best performance along with the lowest displacement. Its performance level reached up to the Immediate Occupancy (IO) level even under the conditions of a Maximum Consider Earthquake (MCE).

scholarly journals ANALISA TINGKAT BAHAYA DAN KERENTANAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI WILAYAH NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Rysnawati ◽  
I Ketut Sukarasa ◽  
Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Very High

East Nusa Tenggara is a region in Indonesia which included in the category of hazard prone to earthquakes, because it is flanked by two earthquakes zones, (subduction zone at the south and back arc trust in the north). It is also vulnerable to earthquake disasters because of high population density. These conditions would threaten the safety of lives and property of the population, so it needs to be research to analyze the level of earthquake hazard and vulnerability in East Nusa Tenggara. For identification of the level of hazard and the vulnerability of the earthquake in this study using two factors: the danger factor with indicator Peak Ground Acceleration, vulnerability factors with indicators of population density districts in East Nusa Tenggara. The calculation of the value of PGA use attenuation function of Fukushima and Tanaka. From the calculation of the data obtained that has a very high earthquake hazard is in Ende and Alor district, while the district has a very high risk of vulnerability is in Sikka, Sumba Barat Daya and Sabu Raijua.  

Quantification of Regional Risk from Failure of Earth Dam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Ah Um ◽  
Sungsu Lee ◽  
Hee Jung Ham
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Proxy Variables

<p>In order to predict the loss and the damage from the hazards such as debris flow resulted from dam failures, three important factors must be taken into account; the strength of hazard, the inventory and the vulnerability of the inventory to the hazard. In the case of the debris flow, the flow speed, the inundation boundary and depth, and the flow force can be the hazard. The inventory corresponds to the list of assets and demographic distribution while the vulnerability is the probability of the damage of each inventory by the specified hazard. In this study, the hazard is assessed from 3D numerical simulation of the debris flow incurred by the dam failure. Since the detail description and modeling of the inventory is nearly impossible, the present study utilized GIS-based regional assessment of the vulnerability combined with the inventory, in which the distribution of the inventory represents the exposure and the performance of the inventory such as age of building represents the sensitivity. As an example, building vulnerability index is measured by combining weighted five proxy variables; density of hazard exposed area of building, building importance level, type of building structural material, status of building structural design, and deterioration level of building. The selected proxy variables are evaluated with predefined scoring criteria and nondimensionalized based on a standardization method. The resulting vulnerability is normalized for the relative assessment with the region of interests. The computed strength of the hazard is then convoluted with the normalized vulnerability and the results show the risk of the region. This research was supported by a grant (2018-MOIS31-009) from Fundamental Technology Development Program for Extreme Disaster Response funded by Korean Ministry of Interior and Safety(MOIS).</p>

scholarly journals Earthquake Risk Assessment for Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Farnaz Kamranzad ◽  
Hossein Memarian ◽  
Mehdi Zare
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Surface Rupture ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Earthquake Risk Assessment

The megacity of Tehran, the capital of Iran, is subjected to a high earthquake risk. Located at the central part of the Alpine–Himalayan seismic belt, Tehran is surrounded by several active faults that show some M7+ historical earthquake records. The high seismic hazard in combination with a dense population distribution and several vulnerability factors mean Tehran is one of the top 20 worldwide megacities at a high earthquake risk. This article aims to prepare an assessment of the present-day earthquake risk in Tehran. First, the earthquake risk components including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are evaluated based on some accessible GIS-based datasets (e.g., seismicity, geology, active faults, population distribution, land use, urban fabric, buildings’ height and occupancy, structure types, and ages, as well as the vicinity to some critical infrastructures). Then, earthquake hazard maps in terms of PGA are prepared using a probabilistic approach as well as a surface rupture width map. Exposure and vulnerability maps are also provided deterministically in terms of population density and hybrid physical vulnerability, respectively. Finally, all these components are combined in a spatial framework and an earthquake risk map is provided for Tehran.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Approach to Assess Seismic Vulnerability of Touristic Accommodations: Case Study in Montreal, Canada

GeoHazards ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Thomas Candela ◽  
Philippe Rosset ◽  
Luc Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Four Levels

In many places of the world, the interruption of touristic activities in the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake is often neglected in the evaluation of seismic risks; however, these activities can account for a significant proportion of short-term and long-term economic impacts for these regions. In the last decade, several rapid visual screening techniques have been developed to define the typology of buildings and to estimate their seismic vulnerability and potential for damage. We adapted the existing screening procedures that have been developed for generic buildings to specific circumstances that are most common for tourist accommodations. The proposed approach considered six criteria related to structural and nonstructural elements of buildings, as well as local soil conditions. A score was assigned to each criterion as a function of the capacity of the elements to resist ground shaking. A vulnerability index in four levels of building vulnerability was developed combining the scores of the six criteria. The approach was tested in a pilot area of Montreal to a set of 70 typical buildings grouped in four categories based on their accommodation capacity. In Montreal, tourism is an important source of income for the city where 351,000 room-nights were booked with total stay expenditures of CAD 4.9 billion in 2019. The results indicated potential significant disruptions in activities related to tourism; 46% of the buildings investigated have a high to very high vulnerability index. Among them, 4/5 are located in the old city and 1/5 in the downtown area of the pilot zone.

scholarly journals Determining urvban flood vulnerability using indicator based approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaya Sarmah ◽  
◽  
Sutapa Das ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
The City

With increase in urbanisation and climate change, urban flood (UF) is becoming more frequent and intense – surpassing other types of flooding in terms of death and damage to critical infrastructure (CI) buildings. Guwahati, gateway to the eight states of north-east India, is prone to recurring UF – three to four times annually. The lack of an urban drainage network has added to the suffering of the residents. A major portion of the building stock are non-engineered and many new constructions are without UF compliance. Considering that the population and buildings are at risk, this research aims to develop a comprehensive UF vulnerability index (UFVI) as a combination of two indices – human vulnerability index (HVI) and building vulnerability index (BVI). Modified on various concepts of vulnerability assessment for hazards in the developing world, the UFVI has been proposed considering inherent hardships related exclusively to UF. For this purpose, in a prior survey conducted in the 31 municipal wards of the city, relevance of the HVI was checked by choosing residents as survey respondents and the BVI will be conducted based on the concept of rapid visual screening (RVS) of buildings. The HVI stratified the population into five tiers (‘very high’ to ‘very low’) and the BVI is expected to stratify the CIs similarly. These two indices will be combined in HAZUS-MH platform to obtain the UFVI ward-wise. This paper puts forward a theoretical explanation of the method that will be incorporated once the BVI is developed and while combining HVI and BVI to develop the UFVI. The composite UFVI that will be obtained will contribute to long-term actions for improving resilience of the existing population and CIs of the city against UF

scholarly journals Earthquake vulnerability mapping in the at-risk Opak Fault, Sengon Village, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Djati Mardiatno ◽  
Tiara Handayani ◽  
Denni Susanto ◽  
Lies R.W. Faida ◽  
Bevaola Kusumasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability

This study aims to perform vulnerability assessment in a detailed scale at villages adjacent to Opak fault, Central Java. The study took place in Sengon Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency. Sengon is located near Opak fault zone and experienced tremendous disaster in 2006. The method for vulnerability assessment in earthquake hazard used in this study involves three criteria, i.e. physical, social, and economic with various indicators within. The mapping unit are hamlet units, which more detailed than village unit. The result of physical vulnerability assessment in Sengon village was dominated by a medium level of vulnerability. Sengon village has clustered settlement characteristics and this is a type of rural village in Indonesia. The advantage of clustered settlements is that there is a large evacuation site in this case paddy fields. The socio-economic vulnerability indicates that the majority of Sengon village are informal workers. This will have a big impact if an earthquake occurs because there will be many people lose their income. The total vulnerability assessment shows that all levels of vulnerability are distributed similarly. The advantage of this study is helpful to determine the action for reducing vulnerability especially in the at-risk of earthquake hazard.

Modeling the Potential Risk of Building Vulnerability towards Tsunami Hazard in Ulak Karang and Pasir Jambak Sub-District, Padang

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid ◽  
Nazwar Djali ◽  
Meli Muchlian
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Vertical Evacuation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Padang was destroyed by tsunamis generated by the earthquakes in the history of Padang. As an area located in a coastal region, its buildings in Padang face major vulnerability against a tsunami. The objectives of this study are to develop the potential impact model of building vulnerability toward tsunami hazard and to compare the building damage levels based on water inundation, internal, and external factors in Ulak Karang and Pasir Jambak sub-districts. The objective of this research is also to give recommendation to government in making planning strategies for reducing and managing the tsunami risk on building vulnerability. There are three stages of modeling; first stage in this study is simulating an eartquake model for two study areas to estimate the maximum inundation. The second stage of modeling is implementing the spatial analysis of building vulnerability based on the field surveys and GIS. The third stage to conlude is developing the Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) scores of buildings by mapping the building vulnerability toward tsunami hazard and giving several alternatives to develop a risk management plan in a coastal community. The result shows that Ulak Karang sub-district is determined to be more vulnerable than Pasir Jambak sub-district because many buildings near the coastline of Ulak Karang sub-district are made of timber and are arranged close to each other. Moreover, many buildings in Ulak Karang sub-district, especially along the river, are made of traditional brick. Although near Pasir Jambak coastline many buildings are made of timber, but the buildings are not close to each other. There are several alternatives to increase resilience of buildings in a coastal zone, namely: 1) regulation for buildings that have RVI: 4 and 5; 2) building codes; 3) vertical evacuation structures; 4) land use zones; 5)  sea walls along the coastlines; 6) natural barriers and 7)  early warning system.   

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