Monitoring and prediction in Early Warning Systems (EWS) for rapid mass movements

Abstract. Rapid mass movements (RMM) pose a substantial risk to people and infrastructure. Reliable and cost-efficient measures have to be taken to reduce this risk. One of these measures includes establishing and advancing the State of Practice in the application of Early Warning Systems (EWS). EWS have been developed during the past decades and are rapidly increasing. In this document, we focus on the technical part of EWS, i.e. the prediction and timely recognition of imminent hazards, as well as on monitoring slopes at risk and released mass movements. Recent innovations in assessing spatial precipitation, as well as monitoring and modelling precursors, the triggering and deformation of RMM offer new opportunities for next-generation EWS. However, technical advancement can only be transferred into more reliable, operational EWS with an intense dialog between scientists, engineers and those in charge of warning. To this end, further experience with new comprehensive prototype systems jointly operated by scientists and practitioners will be essential.

Download Full-text

Monitoring and prediction in early warning systems for rapid mass movements

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-15-905-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 905-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

M. Stähli ◽

M. Sättele ◽

C. Huggel ◽

B. W. McArdell ◽

P. Lehmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Mass Movements ◽

Warning Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Substantial Risk ◽

State Of Practice ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Rapid Mass ◽

Efficient Measures

Abstract. Rapid mass movements (RMM) pose a substantial risk to people and infrastructure. Reliable and cost-efficient measures have to be taken to reduce this risk. One of these measures includes establishing and advancing the state of practice in the application of early warning systems (EWSs). EWSs have been developed during the past decades and are rapidly increasing. In this paper, we focus on the technical part of EWSs, i.e., the prediction and timely recognition of imminent hazards, as well as on monitoring slopes at risk and released mass movements. Recent innovations in assessing spatial precipitation, monitoring and precursors of the triggering and deformation of RMM offer new opportunities for next-generation EWSs. However, technical advancement can only be transferred into more reliable, operational EWSs with an adequate well-instructed dedicated staff. To this end, an intense dialog between scientists, engineers and those in charge of warning, as well as further experience with new comprehensive prototype systems jointly operated by scientists and practitioners, will be essential.

Download Full-text

Automatic Telemetric Monitoring/Early Warning Systems, with Multi-task Sensor, Applied to Mass Movements

Building Knowledge for Geohazard Assessment and Management in the Caucasus and other Orogenic Regions - NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security ◽

10.1007/978-94-024-2046-3_23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 429-442

Author(s):

Zurab Chelidze ◽

Nodar Varamashvili ◽

Tamaz Chelidze ◽

Tengiz Kiria ◽

Tamar Tsamalashvili

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Mass Movements ◽

Warning Systems

Download Full-text

Smoke Detectors: Reducing Deaths and Injuries Due to Fire

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.65.4.718 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 718-724

Author(s):

Keith S. Reisinger

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

The United States ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Escape Route ◽

Fire Hazards ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

The Past ◽

Smoke Detectors ◽

Heat Detectors

The United States leads all nations in the incidence of deaths due to fire. In the past two decades significant technologic advances have resulted in the development of inexpensive and reliable smoke detectors. These detectors can provide early warning to allow sleeping residents easy exit when a fire occurs in the home. Currently, there are three major types of early warning devices: heat detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, and ionization smoke detectors. Heat detectors sound an alarm in response to rapid increases in temperature and/ or ambient temperatures above 135 F. Photoelectric smoke detectors are particularly effective for smoldering fires, because they are less influenced by the smaller particles of combustion emitted during household cooking or from automobile exhaust than are ionization smoke detectors. The ionization smoke detectors respond more quickly than photoelectric smoke detectors to fast burning fires and have been proved effective in sounding an early alarm in the vast majority of home fires. For best all-around fire protection, a home should have more than one type of detector. Detectors should be located on the ceiling or high on the ceiling of every level of the house close to each bedroom. Properly installed and maintained smoke detectors can reduce the tragic consequences of home fires, but even greater gains can be made by combining these early warning systems with a reduction in home fire hazards and in practicing a well planned fire escape route.

Download Full-text

The CARE Telematics Network for the Surveillance of Influenza in Europe

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634617 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 34 (05) ◽

pp. 518-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Bensadon ◽

A. Strauss ◽

R. Snacken

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Early Warning ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Surveillance Networks ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

The 1950S ◽

National Networks ◽

First Time

Abstract:Since the 1950s, national networks for the surveillance of influenza have been progressively implemented in several countries. New epidemiological arguments have triggered changes in order to increase the sensitivity of existent early warning systems and to strengthen the communications between European networks. The WHO project CARE Telematics, which collects clinical and virological data of nine national networks and sends useful information to public health administrations, is presented. From the results of the 1993-94 season, the benefits of the system are discussed. Though other telematics networks in this field already exist, it is the first time that virological data, absolutely essential for characterizing the type of an outbreak, are timely available by other countries. This argument will be decisive in case of occurrence of a new strain of virus (shift), such as the Spanish flu in 1918. Priorities are now to include other existing European surveillance networks.

Download Full-text