Sustainable Cereal Straw Management: Use as Feedstock for Emerging Biobased Industries or Cropland Soil Incorporation?

Sustainability goals regarding biobased chemicals and fuels can lead to increased demand for cereal straw, which could lead to undesirable effects on soil organic matter (SOM) content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of removing straw on SOM, using a life cycle approach based on agricultural statistics and soil carbon modelling. This regional evaluation in southern Sweden showed that the general restrictions on straw removal recommended in many European studies, with demands on the incorporation of at least half of the aboveground straw, is not an efficient means of SOM preservation. Unrestricted straw removal in combination with the cultivation of intermediate crops leads to a much higher SOM build-up. Such measures will increase the availability of removable straw 2.5 times, at little extra cost. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of regional evaluation, taking new findings on the impact of straw incorporation on SOM into consideration. This is important for both regional emerging biobased industries, where unnecessary restrictions on straw removal might hamper the development of new production pathways, and for future sustainability in agriculture, where well-intended but inefficient SOM preservation strategies might hinder the implementation of more efficient measures. Graphic Abstract

Teachers assessing efficiency of measures aimed at forming safe behaviour in pupils of general and remedial schools

This article considers the problem of preventing pupils of any age from occurring in a dangerous situation. The author of the article suggests considering the results of a poll. The poll was conducted among teachers of primary and secondary schools, both general and remedial ones. They were asked to assess the efficiency of various measures aimed at preventing dangerous situations that pupils of any age can occur in. The research involved primary school teachers and teachers of certain disciplines. The study engaged teachers both from general and remedial schools. The number of respondents was 149. The research revealed differences in teachers’ preferences. The polled referred to these preferences when they chose measures aimed at solving the issue of pupils’ security. The study found that the most efficient measures aimed at forming a safe behaviour in pupils for different situations. The teachers were found to believe that it is efficient to conduct health and safety training classes, to engage parents to protect the children from dangerous situations. The teachers also find it equally efficient when they demonstrate and discuss the dangerous situations that have already happened to the pupils.

RESERVES FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS DURING A CAPITAL REPAIR

The problem of energy efficiency in multi-apartment residential buildings (hereinafter - MKB) arises as a result of changes in the legal and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, which is adapting to it. In this regard, it becomes necessary to bring the condition of buildings in line with the newly introduced requirements, including those related to energy efficiency. The solution to this problem can be achieved due to the identified organizational, technical and economic reserves and energy efficient measures implemented in practice during the operation and overhaul of MKB.

Organization of the implementation of energy efficient measures in the overhaul of residential real estate, taking “rebound effect” into account

The issue of including energy efficient measures in the overhaul of residential real estate has been discussed for several years. The relevance of this issue is increasing in connection with the requirements established at the state level to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The article calculates the determination of the energy efficiency class of a residential property included in the “Regional program for the overhaul of common property in apartment buildings in the Voronezh region for 2014–2044”, after the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Improving energy efficiency is a strategic goal. However, energy efficiency improvements do not always lead to energy savings due to the “rebound effect”. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the implementation of energy-efficient measures during the overhaul of residential real estate and the implementation of energy-saving programs (municipal, regional, state, industry).

Using of a weighted directed acyclic graph for major repairs of real estate objects: the optimal combination of energy-efficient measures introduction

Energy consumption analysis by regions of the world for the period from 2005 to 2019 showed that the growth of energy consumption is only increasing every year and requires certain energy-efficient measures. The largest energy consumption is in the construction sector, namely in residential buildings, which is associated with the large cities urbanization. Energy consumption depends not only on the energy efficiency of the temperature and lighting control systems, but also on the efficiency of the buildings in which they operate. Based on this, the housing stock of the city of Voronezh, which was conditionally divided into “old apartment buildings” and “new apartment buildings” (depending on the building period) was considered. Multi-apartment buildings were considered, taking into account various characteristics in order to identify the actual characteristics that affect energy consumption. Based on the data obtained, a statistical analysis of energy consumption in old apartment buildings and new ones, respectively, was carried out. On the basis of the research an algorithm was proposed for the energy-efficient measures introduction when planning major repairs in apartment buildings (AB) using a weighted directed acyclic graph.

19. századi magyar regényeken végzett kísérletek a magyar nyelvű szerzőazonosítás leghatékonyabb távolságméréseinek megtalálására

In the field of computational stylistics it is a widespread assumption that there exists a unique pattern of a person’s language use and this is a socalled authorial fingerprint (Baayen et al. 2002). Identifying the authorial fingerprint can become a base of using quantitative text similarity studies for authorship attribution. Although the metaphor of the “fingerprint” may give the false impression that this pattern can be read from the author’s texts in an objective way. The modelling of this “fingerprint” is in fact a creative digital humanities task which constructs a pattern that is based on a selection and combination of dozens of linguistic features that can be interpreted statistically and that can only be interpreted in comparison with other authorial texts. Considering the size of the corpora and the complexity of text characteristics and similarity calculations, the method cannot be done without the use of computer algorithms. There are already some softwares (e.g. R-Stylo, JGAAP, Websty) that apparently offer an accessible way to researchers for analyzing texts, (however these methods limit the process of searching for patterns), while on the other hand it is possible to implement the calculations using custom program codes. In our research we endeavour to find the most efficient measures in authorship attribution for Hungarian texts.