scholarly journals Active anti-predator behaviour of red titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofya Dolotovskaya ◽  
Camilo Flores Amasifuen ◽  
Caroline Elisabeth Haas ◽  
Fabian Nummert ◽  
Eckhard W. Heymann
Keyword(s):  
Social Monogamy ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Callicebus Nigrifrons ◽  
Eira Barbara ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator ◽  
Predator Behaviour

Abstract. Due to their inconspicuous behaviour and colouration, it has been assumed that titi monkeys' main anti-predator behaviour is passive crypsis and hiding. So far, active predator mobbing has been documented only for black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons. Here we report for the first time mobbing behaviour of red titi monkeys, Plecturocebus cupreus (previously Callicebus cupreus), as reaction to an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and a Boa constrictor. We also report other active anti-predator behaviours, such as alarm calling and approaching, as reactions to tayras (Eira barbara) and raptors. Our observations provide additional evidence for sex differences in anti-predator behaviour, possibly related to the evolution and maintenance of social monogamy.

Social monogamy, male–female relationships, and biparental care in wild titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor)

Primates ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Spence-Aizenberg ◽  
Anthony Di Fiore ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
Keyword(s):  
Biparental Care ◽  
Social Monogamy ◽  
Female Relationships ◽  
Titi Monkeys

scholarly journals Fish larvae as food item of planktonic predator (Chaetognatha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Vdodovich ◽  
P. S. Podrezova ◽  
T. N. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Food Competitor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator

Photos of predation of sagitta (Chaetognatha) to fish larvae are presented for the first time for the Black Sea. While analyzing ichthyoplankton samples obtained in May and November in 2017 (94ᵗʰ and 98ᵗʰ cruises of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”) several sagittas were found with their guts containing fish larvae. Fish larvae seem to have been captured by sagittas in the same way as sagittas in cannibalism cases, with both folding in half at the spot of capture. The data obtained allow us to assume sagittas in conditions of high abundance of eggs and fish larvae in the plankton to be not only a food competitor of larvae and juveniles of fish, as a fodder plankton consumer, but an active predator, being able to play a significant role in the elimination of ichthyoplankton.

scholarly journals Mamíferos de médio e grande porte e sua relação com o mosaico de habitats na cuesta de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma R. Alves ◽  
Renata C. B. Fonseca ◽  
Vera L. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Eira Barbara

A região da cuesta de Botucatu caracteriza-se por um gradiente topográfico contendo um mosaico de ambientes com diferentes formações de vegetação natural (floresta estacional semidecidual, cerrado e matas ciliares), além de áreas antropizadas com a predominância de pastagens, plantações de cana-de-açúcar, laranja, e reflorestamentos de eucalipto, com paisagem fragmentada. Inserida nesta região, a Fazenda Experimental Edgardia, pertencente à Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, representa uma amostra desta heterogeneidade ambiental, tendo grande importância para a conservação da biodiversidade, tanto de flora como fauna. Entretanto, poucos são os estudos sobre a sua fauna, principalmente de mamíferos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte nesta área, e sua relação com o mosaico de habitats. Foram obtidos registros indiretos da presença de mamíferos através de vestígios (pegadas e fezes) em transectos (trilhas pré-existentes), ao longo de um ano. De março de 2004 a março de 2005 foram registradas 18 espécies de mamíferos silvestres de médio e grande porte. Quanto à ocorrência destacou-se Mazama sp., presente em todos os ambientes, com maior abundância relativa no ambiente de transição de floresta/Cerradão. Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) e Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) também foram encontradas em praticamente todos os ambientes, e espécies como Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann, 1780), Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766, Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) e uma espécie do gênero Conepatus Gray, 1837 estiveram restritas a ambientes específicos. A análise de correspondência mostrou oito espécies com ocorrência em todos os ambientes: sete mais associadas aos ambientes de várzea, floresta e pastagem e três aos ambientes de cultura de arroz, transição entre floresta/Cerradão e vegetação natural em estádio sucessional secundário. Os resultados sugerem que a fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Fazenda Experimental Edgardia está sujeita às modificações ambientais que a região vem sofrendo. Embora existam preferências de algumas espécies por determinados hábitats, parece ocorrer certa plasticidade em relação às modificações de seus hábitats originais.

Chromosome Painting in Callicebus nigrifrons Provides Insights into the Genome Evolution of Titi Monkeys and the Ancestral Callicebinae Karyotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Pereira Araújo ◽  
Alice Alves do Espírito Santo ◽  
Valéria do Socorro Pereira ◽  
Roscoe Stanyon ◽  
Marta Svartman
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Monkey Species ◽  
Titi Monkey ◽  
Painting Analysis ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Callicebus Nigrifrons ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

We studied the chromosomes of Callicebus nigrifrons with conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods. Our chromosome painting analysis in C. nigrifrons together with previous reports allowed us to hypothesize an ancestral Callicebinae karyotype with 2n = 48. The associations of human chromosomes (HSA) 2/22, 7/15, 10/11, and the inverted HSA2/16 would link Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus and would thus be present in the ancestral Callicebinae karyotype. Four fusions (HSA1b/1c, 3c/8b, 13/20, and 14/15/3/21) and 1 fission (HSA2/22) are synapomorphies of Callicebus. The associations HSA3/15 and HSA3/9 are chromosome features linking Callicebus and Cheracebus, whereas the association HSA13/17 would represent a link between Callicebus and the moloch group (Plecturocebus). Only 6 of the 33 recognized titi monkey species have now been painted with human chromosome-specific probes. Further analyses are needed to clarify the phylogenomic relationships in this species-rich group.

Vocal behavior of black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons): Acoustic properties and behavioral contexts of loud calls

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christini B. Caselli ◽  
Daniel J. Mennill ◽  
Júlio César Bicca-Marques ◽  
Eleonore Z. F. Setz
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Callicebus Nigrifrons

Mixed roosts in the Montagu’s harrier Circus pygargus during courtship

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Wiącek
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Circus Pygargus ◽  
Montagu’S Harrier ◽  
Communal Roosting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Predator Behaviour ◽  
Montagu's Harrier

AbstractMixed communal roosting of Montagu’s harrier Circus pygargus in the pre-laying period was observed on Calcareous Marshes in Eastern Poland from 1992 to 1995. To my knowledge, this behaviour was described in literature for the first time. The communal roosting in Montagu’s harrier during courtship can help in estimation of mate attraction and finally in mate choice. Harriers from communal roosts start egg laying earlier when compared to the outside roosts. Communal roosting as anti-predator behaviour can help with predator detection and provides benefits to all members of the group. The pair formation process has led to disintegration of communal roosting. Males were more common in the roosting places than females. The time of roosting was correlated with the photoperiod. The weather and predators impact delayed the formation of mixed roosting places.

New records of Amblyomma goeldii (Acari: Ixodidae) and description of the nymphal stage 

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3949 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIAGO F. MARTINS ◽  
SÉRGIO L. GIANIZELLA ◽  
PABLO H. NUNES ◽  
DIOGO C. L. O. FARIA ◽  
CARLOS A. R. DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
French Guyana ◽  
First Time ◽  
Amazonian Region

Since its original description from the Amazonian region, the tick species Amblyomma goeldii Neumann, 1899 has been misidentified with Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 in different countries of the Neotropical region. Because of this, some authors have considered that the only confirmed records of A. goeldii were from French Guyana. Herein, we reviewed all specimens of A. goeldii that have been deposited at two tick collections in Brazil. In addition, we describe the nymphal stage of A. goeldii for the first time. A total of 10 unpublished records of the adult stage of A. goeldii are recorded from the Amazonian region of Brazil, confirming the occurrence of A. goeldii in this country. Except for one record on the snake Boa constrictor Linnaeus, all records of A. goeldii reported in the present study were from anteaters (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Our results, in conjunction with previous literature records, indicate that anteaters and large snakes are important hosts for the adult stage of A. goeldii. The nymph of A. goeldii is morphologically similar to the nymphs of Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli, 1939, Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844, and A. rotundatum. We present a modification of a previously published taxonomic key of Amblyomma nymphs from Brazil, in order to perform taxonomic identification of the nymph of A. goeldii based on external morphology. The geographical distribution of A. goeldii appears to be restricted to the Amazonian region. There were no previous host records for the immature stages of A. goeldii, thus it is expected that the present nymphal description will facilitate further works on the ecology of this poorly studied tick species. 

scholarly journals Titi monkeys combine alarm calls to create probabilistic meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. eaav3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Berthet ◽  
Geoffrey Mesbahi ◽  
Aude Pajot ◽  
Cristiane Cäsar ◽  
Christof Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Communication ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Multimodel Inference ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Callicebus Nigrifrons ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Free Ranging

Previous work suggested that titi monkeys Callicebus nigrifrons combine two alarm calls, the A- and B-calls, to communicate about predator type and location. To explore how listeners process these sequences, we recorded alarm call sequences of six free-ranging groups exposed to terrestrial and aerial predator models, placed on the ground or in the canopy, and used multimodel inference to assess the information encoded in the sequences. We then carried out playback experiments to identify the features used by listeners to react to the available information. Results indicated that information about predator type and location were encoded by the proportion of B-call pairs relative to all call pairs of the sequence (i.e., proportion of BB-grams). The results suggest that the meaning of the sequence is not conveyed in a categorical but probabilistic manner. We discuss the implications of these findings for current theories of animal communication and language evolution.

Unraveling the scales of effect of landscape structure on primate species richness and density of titi monkeys ( Callicebus nigrifrons )

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. Gestich ◽  
Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez ◽  
Milton C. Ribeiro ◽  
Rogério G. T. da Cunha ◽  
Eleonore Z. F. Setz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Callicebus Nigrifrons

A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3029 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. BIJU ◽  
INES VAN BOCXLAER ◽  
STEPHEN MAHONY ◽  
K. P. DINESH ◽  
C. RADHAKRISHNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Egg Guarding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator

A taxonomic revision of the genus Nyctibatrachus is presented. As a result, we recognize 27 species, 12 of which are new to science and described herein. Three ‘lost’ species—Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris, Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus and Nannobatrachus kempholeyensis are rediscovered after their original descriptions and the latter two species are neotypified. Four species are lectotypified (Nannobatrachus beddomii, Nyctibatrachus deccanensis, Nyctibatrachus major and Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris). The taxonomic revision and description of new species is based on new morphological, behavioural, ecological and molecular data from available type specimens and/or recent collections from throughout the distribution range of Nyctibatrachus. Specimens from the type localities of all previously described species were collected and discussed along with the type specimens. Nyctibatrachus sholai is considered a junior subjective synonym of N. deccanensis. Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris modestus is resurrected from synonymy, but allocated to the genus Fejervarya. A new gland, the subocular gland is introduced to anuran morphological terminology. Both the courtship behaviour and ovipositional sites of four species are described for the first time. The process of fertilisation was carried out in the absence of physical contact between males and females in all four species. Furthermore, previously unreported parental care behaviour is documented for the genus, including biparental egg attendance (probably clutch hydration) and egg guarding (active predator defense). A brief outline of tadpole development from egg to metamorph is provided for Nyctibatrachus aliciae, with figures of the major developmental stages.

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