scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Third Pole"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Zhang ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Michael Sprenger ◽  
Zhiyuan Cong ◽  
Tanguang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
The Third ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Third Pole

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Zhang ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Michael Sprenger ◽  
Zhiyuan Cong ◽  
Tanguang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regional Climate Projections

Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities (including black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) deposited on snow can reduce surface albedo and contribute to the near-worldwide melting of snow cover and ice. This study found that the black carbon, organic carbon, and dust concentrations in snow cover ranged generally from 202–17 468 ng g−1, 491–13 880 ng g−1, and 22–846 µg g−1, respectively, with higher concentrations in the central to northern areas of the Third Pole region (referred to by scientists also as the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains). Footprint analyses suggested that the northern Third Pole was influenced mainly by air masses from Central Asia with some Euro-Asia influence; air masses in the central and Himalayan region originated mainly from Central and South Asia. The open burning-sourced black carbon contributions decreased from ~ 50 % in the southern Third Pole region to ~ 30 % in the northern Third Pole region. The contribution of black carbon and dust to snow albedo reduction reached approximately 37 % and 15 %, respectively. The effect of black carbon and dust reduced the average snow cover duration by 3.1 ± 0.1 days to 4.4 ± 0.2 days. Meanwhile, the black carbon and dust had an import implication for snowmelt water loss over the Third Pole region. Findings indicate that the impacts of black carbon and mineral dust need to be properly accounted for in future regional climate projections, particularly in the high-altitude cryosphere.

Role of Saharan dust and black carbon deposition on snow cover in the French mountain ranges over the last 39 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Réveillet ◽  
Marie Dumont ◽  
Simon Gascoin ◽  
Pierre Nabat ◽  
Matthieu Lafaysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Snow Cover Duration ◽  
The Impact

<p>Light absorbing particles such as black carbon(BC) or mineral dust are known to darken the snow surface when deposited on the snow cover and amplify several snow-albedo feedbacks, drastically modifying the snowpack evolution and the snow cover duration. Mineral dust deposition on snow is generally more variablein time than black carbon deposition and can exhibit both a high inter and intra annual variability. In France, the Alps and the Pyrenees mountain ranges are affected by large dust deposition events originating from the Sahara . The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of these impurities on the snow cover variability over the last 39 years (1979-2018).</p><p>For that purpose, the detailed snowpack model Crocus with an explicit representation of impurities is forced by SAFRAN meteorological reanalysis and a downscaling of the simulated deposition fluxes from a regional climate model (ALADIN-Climate). Different simulations are performed: (i) considering dust and/or BC (i.e. explicit representation), (ii) without impurities and (iii) considering an implicit representation (i.e. empirical parameterization based on a decreasing law of the albebo with snow age).</p><p>Simulations are compared at point scale to the snow depth measured at more than 200 Meteo-France’s stations in each massif, and spatially evaluated over the 2000-2018 period in comparing thesnow cover area, snow cover duration and the Jacard index to MODIS snow products. Scores are generally better when considering the explicit representation of the impurities than when using the snow age as a proxy for light absorbing particles content.</p><p>Results indicate that dust and BC have a significant impact on the snow cover duration with strong variations in the magnitude of the impact from one year to another and from one location to another.We also investigate the contribution of light absorbing particles depositionto snow cover inter-annual variability based on statistical approaches.</p>

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover across a typical city of Northeast China

2022 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 150397
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Mingxi Pan ◽  
Xinyue Zhong ◽  
Enbo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Mineral Dust

scholarly journals APCC Data Report I: Black carbon and organic carbon dataset from atmosphere, glaciers, snow cover, precipitation, and lake sediment cores over the Third Pole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Yulan Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Junming Guo ◽  
Qianggong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cryospheric Change

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings, known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the regional and global climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly/indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation, and change the energy balance on Earth. CAs, along with other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can frequently be transported over long distances into the inland TP. During the last decade, a coordinated monitoring network and research program on Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change (APCC) has been gradually setup and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric change. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (19 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow/ice, snowpit, and two ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuous observed, and 138 sites surveyed), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the TP and its surroundings, as the first dataset released from this APCC program. These data were created based on online (in-situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric equivalent BC (eBC) concentrations were obtained by using an aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide a new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the TP, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport, and deposition processes. Several hundred years of refractory BC (rBC) records from ice cores and BC from lake sediment cores revealed the strength of human activities since the industrial revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Himalayas and TP. Mass absorption cross section of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. These files are available to download from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Lanzhou  (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021, Kang and Zhang, 2021). In the future, datasets of mercury, heavy metals, and POPs will be reported.

scholarly journals Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 26593-26625 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Menon ◽  
D. Koch ◽  
G. Beig ◽  
S. Sahu ◽  
J. Fasullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large River ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Bc Aerosols ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Aerosols

Abstract. Recent thinning of glaciers over the Himalayas (sometimes referred to as the third polar region) have raised concern on future water supplies since these glaciers supply water to large river systems that support millions of people inhabiting the surrounding areas. Black carbon (BC) aerosols, released from incomplete combustion, have been increasingly implicated as causing large changes in the hydrology and radiative forcing over Asia and its deposition on snow is thought to increase snow melt. In India BC from biofuel combustion is highly prevalent and compared to other regions, BC aerosol amounts are high. Here, we quantify the impact of BC aerosols on snow cover and precipitation from 1990 to 2010 over the Indian subcontinental region using two different BC emission inventories. New estimates indicate that Indian BC from coal and biofuel are large and transport is expected to expand rapidly in coming years. We show that over the Himalayas, from 1990 to 2000, simulated snow/ice cover decreases by ~0.9% due to aerosols. The contribution of the enhanced Indian BC to this decline is ~30%, similar to that simulated for 2000 to 2010. Spatial patterns of modeled changes in snow cover and precipitation are similar to observations (from 1990 to 2000), and are mainly obtained with the newer BC estimates.

scholarly journals Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4559-4571 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Menon ◽  
D. Koch ◽  
G. Beig ◽  
S. Sahu ◽  
J. Fasullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large River ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Bc Aerosols ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Aerosols

Abstract. Recent thinning of glaciers over the Himalayas (sometimes referred to as the third polar region) have raised concern on future water supplies since these glaciers supply water to large river systems that support millions of people inhabiting the surrounding areas. Black carbon (BC) aerosols, released from incomplete combustion, have been increasingly implicated as causing large changes in the hydrology and radiative forcing over Asia and its deposition on snow is thought to increase snow melt. In India BC emissions from biofuel combustion is highly prevalent and compared to other regions, BC aerosol amounts are high. Here, we quantify the impact of BC aerosols on snow cover and precipitation from 1990 to 2010 over the Indian subcontinental region using two different BC emission inventories. New estimates indicate that Indian BC emissions from coal and biofuel are large and transport is expected to expand rapidly in coming years. We show that over the Himalayas, from 1990 to 2000, simulated snow/ice cover decreases by ~0.9% due to aerosols. The contribution of the enhanced Indian BC to this decline is ~36%, similar to that simulated for 2000 to 2010. Spatial patterns of modeled changes in snow cover and precipitation are similar to observations (from 1990 to 2000), and are mainly obtained with the newer BC estimates.

scholarly journals Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Zhang ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Michael Sprenger ◽  
Zhiyuan Cong ◽  
Tanguang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role for sustaining ecology and society in mountainous regions. Light-absorbing particulates (including black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) deposited on snow can reduce surface albedo and contribute to the near-worldwide melting of snow and ice. This study focused on understanding the role of black carbon and other water-insoluble light-absorbing particulates in the snow cover of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results found that the black carbon, organic carbon, and dust concentrations in snow cover generally ranged from 202 to 17 468 ng g−1, 491 to 13 880 ng g−1, and 22 to 846 µg g−1, respectively, with higher concentrations in the central to northern areas of the TP. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the northern TP was influenced mainly by air masses from Central Asia with some Eurasian influence, and air masses in the central and Himalayan region originated mainly from Central and South Asia. The relative biomass-burning-sourced black carbon contributions decreased from ∼ 50 % in the southern TP to ∼ 30 % in the northern TP. The relative contribution of black carbon and dust to snow albedo reduction reached approximately 37 and 15 %, respectively. The effect of black carbon and dust reduced the snow cover duration by 3.1 ± 0.1 to 4.4 ± 0.2 days. Meanwhile, the black carbon and dust had important implications for snowmelt water loss over the TP. The findings indicate that the impacts of black carbon and mineral dust need to be properly accounted for in future regional climate projections, particularly in the high-altitude cryosphere.

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