scholarly journals What are the benefits of lidar-assisted control in the design of a wind turbine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1340
Author(s):  
Helena Canet ◽  
Stefan Loew ◽  
Carlo L. Bottasso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Class Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Reduction Model ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Mass Increase ◽  
Lifetime Extension

Abstract. This paper explores the potential benefits brought by the integration of lidar-assisted control (LAC) in the design of a wind turbine. The study identifies which design drivers can be relaxed by LAC, as well as by how much these drivers could be reduced before other conditions become the drivers. A generic LAC load-reduction model is defined and used to redesign the rotor and tower of three representative turbines, differing in terms of wind class, size, and power rating. The load reductions enabled by LAC are used to save mass, increase hub height, or extend lifetime. For the first two strategies, results suggest only modest reductions in the levelized cost of energy, with potential benefits essentially limited to the tower of a large offshore machine. On the other hand, lifetime extension appears to be the most effective way of exploiting the effects of LAC.

scholarly journals What are the benefits of lidar-assisted control in the design of a wind turbine?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Canet ◽  
Stefan Loew ◽  
Carlo L. Bottasso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Class Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Reduction Model ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Mass Increase ◽  
Lifetime Extension

Abstract. This paper explores the potential benefits brought by the integration of lidar-assisted control (LAC) in the design of a wind turbine. The study identifies which design drivers can be relaxed by LAC, and by how much these drivers should be reduced by LAC before other conditions become the drivers. A generic LAC load-reduction model is defined and used to redesign the rotor and tower of three turbines, differing in terms of wind class, size and power rating. The load reductions enabled by LAC are used to save mass, increase hub height or extend lifetime. For the first two strategies, results suggest only modest reductions in the levelized cost of energy, with potentially benefits essentially limited to the sole tower of a large offshore machine. On the other hand, lifetime extension appears to be the most effective way of exploiting the effects of LAC.

scholarly journals Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail-transportable blades – Part 1: Conceptual design and aeroservoelastic performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1290
Author(s):  
Pietro Bortolotti ◽  
Nick Johnson ◽  
Nikhar J. Abbas ◽  
Evan Anderson ◽  
Ernesto Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Turbine Rotors ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. This work investigates the conceptual design and the aeroservoelastic performance of land-based wind turbines whose blades can be transported on rail via controlled bending. The turbines have a nameplate power of 5 MW and a rotor diameter of 206 m, and they aim to represent the next generation of land-based machines. Three upwind designs and two downwind designs are presented, combining different design goals together with conventional glass and pultruded carbon fiber laminates in the spar caps. One of the five blade designs is segmented and serves as a benchmark to the state of the art in industry. The results show that controlled flexing requires a reduction in the flapwise stiffness of the blades, but it represents a promising pathway for increasing the size of land-based wind turbine rotors. Given the required stiffness, the rotor can be designed either downwind with standard rotor preconing and nacelle uptilt angles or upwind with higher-than-usual angles. A downwind-specific controller is also presented, featuring a cut-out wind speed reduced to 19 m s−1 and a pitch-to-stall shutdown strategy to minimize blade tip deflections toward the tower. The flexible upwind and downwind rotor designs equipped with pultruded carbon fiber spar caps are found to generate the lowest levelized cost of energy, 2.9 % and 1.3 %, respectively, less than the segmented design. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future work in the area of large flexible wind turbine rotors.

scholarly journals Comparison between upwind and downwind designs of a 10 MW wind turbine rotor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bortolotti ◽  
Abinhav Kapila ◽  
Carlo L. Bottasso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Wind Turbine Rotor

Abstract. The size of wind turbines has been steadily growing in the pursuit of a lower cost of energy by an increased wind capture. In this trend, the vast majority of wind turbine rotors has been designed based on the conventional three-bladed upwind concept. This paper aims at assessing the optimality of this configuration with respect to a three-bladed downwind design, with and without an actively controlled variable coning used to reduce the cantilever loading of the blades. A 10 MW wind turbine is used for the comparison of the various design solutions, which are obtained by an automated comprehensive aerostructural design tool. Results show that, for this turbine size, downwind rotors lead to blade mass and cost reductions of 6 % and 2 %, respectively, compared to equivalent upwind configurations. Due to a more favorable rotor attitude, the annual energy production of downwind rotors may also slightly increase in complex terrain conditions characterized by a wind upflow, leading to an overall reduction in the cost of energy. However, in more standard operating conditions, upwind rotors return the lowest cost of energy. Finally, active coning is effective in alleviating loads by reducing both blade mass and cost, but these potential benefits are negated by an increased system complexity and reduced energy production. In summary, a conventional design appears difficult to beat even at these turbine sizes, although a downwind non-aligned configuration might result in an interesting alternative.

scholarly journals Assessment of the apparent performance characterization along with levelized cost of energy of wind power plants considering real data

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid H Hulio ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Pakistan pursued the renewable energy policy to minimize the cost of energy per kWh as well as dependence on costly imported oil. Jhimpir site is termed as wind corridor and has tremendous proven wind power potential. The site is hosted for the first installed wind power plant. The aim of paper is to investigate the performance and levelized cost of energy of a wind farm. The methodology covers assessment of wind characteristics, performance function and levelized cost of energy model. The measured mean wind speed was found to be 8 m/s at 80 m above the ground level. The average values of standard deviation, Weibull k and c parameters, obtained using entire data set, were found to be 2.563, 3.360 and 8.940 m/s at 80 m. Performance assessment including technical, real availability and average capacity factor was found to be 97, 90 and 34.50%, respectively. It is evident that the power coefficient dropped if wind speed crosses the rated power. So it can be concluded that the efficiency of wind turbine decreased by increased wind speed. Tip speed ratio shows that a wind turbine operating close to optimal lift and drag will exhibit the performance level. Wind turbine performs better at the wind speed between 6 and 10 m/s. The estimated average levelized cost of energy was US $0.11371 and US $0.04092/kWh for 1–10 and 11–20 years, respectively. This makes it competitive in terms of low production cost per kWh to other energy technologies.

scholarly journals Techno Economic Analysis of Hybrid Sea Floating Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine for Fish Cold Storage At Remote Island In Indonesia (Case Study: Small Kei Island, Maluku, Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Fidel Rezki Fajry ◽  
Iwa Garniwa ◽  
Achmad Fajar Tofani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Grid Scheme

Most of fisherman in Small Kei Island, Indonesia, are difficult to keep the good quality of fish for several days because unavailability of Fish Cold Storage. Due to the area is also far from grid, this paper is aimed to analyse the most optimized sizing of integrating the new technology of sea floating photovoltaic and wind turbine to achieve the minimal levelized cost of energy for powering 100 tons of fish cold storage. Ten scenarios with implemented off-grid scheme by dividing battery bank into two equal parts that will be operated interchangeably to meet 24 hours load requirement on hybrid sea floating photovoltaic and wind turbine system are performed. As result, 100 kW of wind turbine and 803kWp of sea floating photovoltaic are chosen with the most minimal levelized cost of energy of USD 0.52/kWH by life cycle cost method of 20 years. With define electricity tariff of USD 0.81/kWH and interest loan of 9%, the economic analysis result fulfil of four indicators requirement with payback period of 6 years 6 months 20 days, net present value of USD 10,981, internal rate of return of 9.10%, and profitability index of 1.60.

scholarly journals Comparison of Levelized Cost of Energy of Superconducting Direct Drive Generators for a 10-MW Offshore Wind Turbine

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asger Bech Abrahamsen ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Niklas Magnusson ◽  
Arwyn Thomas ◽  
Ziad Azar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy

scholarly journals Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part I: Conceptual design and aeroservoelastic performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bortolotti ◽  
Nick Johnson ◽  
Nikhar J. Abbas ◽  
Evan Anderson ◽  
Ernesto Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Turbine Rotors ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. This work investigates the conceptual design and the aeroservoelastic performance of land-based wind turbines whose blades can be transported on rail via controlled bending. The turbines have a nameplate power of 5 MW and a rotor diameter of 206 m, and they aim to represent the next generation of land-based machines. Three upwind designs and two downwind designs are presented, combining different design goals together with conventional glass and pultruded carbon fiber laminates in the spar caps. The results show that controlled flexing requires a reduction in the flapwise stiffness of the blades, but it represents a promising pathway to increase the size of land-based wind turbine rotors. Given the required stiffness, the rotor can be designed either downwind with standard rotor preconing and nacelle uptilt angles or upwind with higher-than-usual angles. A downwind-specific controller is also presented, featuring a cut-out wind speed reduced to 19 m per second and a pitch-to-stall shutdown strategy to minimize blade-tip deflections toward the tower. The flexible upwind and downwind rotor designs equipped with pultruded carbon fiber spar caps are found to generate the lowest levelized cost of energy, 2.9 % and 1.3 %, respectively, less than the segmented design. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future work in the area of large flexible wind turbine rotors.

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