scholarly journals Ricoeur on Conscience: His Blind Spot and the Homecoming of Shame

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
René Thun

In his hermeneutic of the self, which he is working out in his Oneself as another, Ricœur writes about the constitutive conditions of conscience as a dimension of the experience of passivity. For the following considerations, I will argue that Ricœur is very right in maintaining the moral impact of the notion of conscience; but if we on the other hand remember older writings by Ricœur like Fallible Man we have to admit that something is missed in the chapter about conscience in Oneself as Another. And that means, that in Oneself as Another he neglects the affective dimension of conscience. This affective dimension is - I think - the notion of shame.Dans Soi-même comme un autre où s'élabore son herméneutique du soi, Paul Ricœur réfléchit sur les conditions constitutives de la conscience comme expérience de la passivité.  Pour les considerations suivantes, je souhaiterai montrer que Ricœur a tout à fait raison de plaider pour la dimension morale de la notion de conscience. Mais, d'un autre côté,si l'on se souvient des écrits plus anciens de Ricoeur sur l'Homme faillible, nous sommes tenus d'admettre que, au cours du chapitre sur la conscience dans Soi-même comme un autre, quelque chose est perdu de vue. Nous voulons signifier que, dans ce chapitre, il néglige la dimension affective de la conscience. Cette dimension affective est, nous semble-t-il, la notion de honte. 

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Eoin Carney

For Ricœur any study of Freud, or of psychoanalysis more generally, needs to take into account the crucial dimension of the analytic experience itself. Psychoanalysis, as a “mixed discourse,” aims to anticipate questions of meaning and explication alongside technical questions of energies, repression, displacement, and so on. The analytic experience is one which is practical and intersubjective, but which is also guided by various techniques or methods. These techniques, I will argue, should be understood as a type of techne, one which is less concerned with hermeneutic questions of meaning than with quasi-scientific questions of force, feedback, struggle, and process. The practice of psychoanalysis, on the other hand, deals with the ways in which these forces or drives become meaningful for a particular subject, and within a singular context or history. This article will aim to draw out both the interrelationship between techniques and practical understanding, and also the productive incommensurability between the two.


2020 ◽  
pp. 427-451
Author(s):  
Jarosław Sobkowiak

e concept of the subjectivity of a person presented in this article has shownthat man as a subject appears in constant references and relations in which hisexistence is embedded. On the one hand, it escapes the determinism of nature,on the other hand, it reveals a certain crack between its nature and action. isleads to the conclusion that even if a person is characterised by individuality, itis not a separate existence. It seems justified to return to the question of whatmakes a person, in spite of both external and internal variability; they remain thesame or otherwise what builds and what destroys the subjectivity of the person?e question thus posed reveals the first threat to human subjectivity whichis the fact of the existence of evil. For it is not only something external to manbut also something that makes man both the “place” of the appearance of evil and responsible for evilB8. While staying in Ricoeur’s philosophy characterisedby a dialectical movement one can already see in the language discussing evila threat to certain “deposits of hope” present in his thoughtB<. For the religiouslanguage to which Ricoeur ultimately reduces the problem of evil is the languageof hope and eschatology. Freedom also takes on a new meaning in this context.It is no longer just something that has been enslaved but above all somethingthat is a “desire for the possible.” A possible freedom is the Resurrection. In thisperspective, even evil and suffering can find their ultimate meaning, and thesubjective character of morality does not threaten to fall into subjectivism.Moreover, it is in the name of such subjectivism that morality demands for thesubject this “otherness,” the hope that comes from the Resurrection.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Guilhem Causse

In Fallible man, Ricœur discovers a faille (fault, breach, rift) in the heart of man. Due to this faille, man is fragile: he has to mediate between himself and the world. This mediation puts man at risk of losing himself. Thus, fragile man is also fallible. In Oneself as Another, Ricœur returns to this faille that passes through the heart of the self, between idem and ipse, giving access to the alter. This image, the faille, guides Ricœur in each of these two texts. It gives us access to their continuity but also to the gap that separates one from the other. But if this image has inspired Ricœur, it also gives us the opportunity to criticize his work. Re-reading the Symbolism of Evil, we will highlight a dimension of man little explored by Ricœur and that our current situation pushes us to rediscover: the body and gesture.


1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Jérôme de Gramont

Every reader of Ricœur knows that hermeneutics endeavors to answer the aporiae of historical phenomenology. Hence arises the need to return to those aporiae and those answers. On the one hand, phenomenology, born with the maxim of going “directly to things themselves,” is confronted with the incessant evasion of the thing itself and with its dreams of presence being thereby shattered. This reversal should not be blamed on the failings of this or that thinker, but attributed to the very destiny of phenomenology itself. On the other hand, Ricœurian hermeneutics takes note of a gap (the very remoteness of the thing itself), and of a necessary return (to the thing of the text). Thus, there is nothing for thought itself to grieve over with respect to this enterprise. However, while the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, faced with the same difficulties, orients itself towards political philosophy, the hermeneutics of Ricœur rather seeks to lead us to a philosophy of religion. This article hypothesizes that, in spite of the formula (inherited from Thévenaz) of a “philosophy without an absolute,” the thought of Ricœur heads in fair measure towards the Absolute, and that ontology is not the only name of the Promised Land.


2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Russo

Parlare di buona medicina significa sottolineare la dimensione morale dell’atto medico, sottraendolo sia al legalismo sia al relativismo della scelta soggettiva. La deontologia, infatti, è esposta a un duplice rischio: quello di ridursi all’ambito della coscienza e pertanto al sistema di valori del medico o, al contrario, quello di trasformarsi in mero codice, assimilandosi così al diritto positivo. Nel primo caso, gli spazi di autonomia decisionale del medico o del paziente si allargano ingiustificatamente, mentre nel secondo si trasforma in un rapporto contrattuale quella che è una relazione intersoggettiva asimmetrica, pretendendo di cautelarsi da ogni rischio o di risolvere i contenziosi a colpi di diritto penale. Né l’una né l’altra immagine della deontologia tengono conto che l’incontro tra la professionalità del medico e la vulnerabilità del paziente ha nella cornice normativa una condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente, che deve essere completata e giustificata alla luce di un’etica delle virtù. Appare importante, dunque, la distinzione operata da Paul Ricoeur tra il giusto, il legale e l’equo, soprattutto in quelle circostanze che richiedono dal medico decisioni delicate in un contesto di incertezza o di grave conflittualità. È in questa prospettiva che si inserisce l’esercizio della prudenza o phrónesis, indispensabile per formulare un giudizio orientato alla scelta di quel meglio che è possibile nella circostanza specifica, conciliando il rigore della norma generale con la singolarità della situazione concreta. Nei saggi dedicati all’arte medica, Ricoeur traccia una vera e propria architettura dell’alleanza terapeutica, stratificandola in tre livelli: prudenziale, deontologico e teleologico. Il giudizio prudenziale è inseparabile da quelle garanzie deontologiche, che preservano la fragilità dell’alleanza terapeutica, minacciata da diverse istanze. D’altra parte, l’etica medica resta priva di giustificazione se non è ancorata a una precomprensione antropologica, che tenga conto dell’integrità e dignità della persona del paziente. ---------- Speaking of good medicine is a way to underline the moral dimension of the medical act and to subtract it both from any legalism and relativism of a subjective choice. In fact, deontology is exposed to a double risk: on the one hand, it can be reduced to private conscience and therefore to a scale of values of the doctor; on the other hand, it can be completely transformed and be assimilated into a code of positive laws. In the former case, the space for the decision-making autonomy of the doctor or the patient expands beyond any justifiable limit. In the latter case, deontology, which is actually an asymmetric interpersonal relation, becomes a purely contractual matter, where positive law is considered the only means for protecting oneself from risks and for solving any contentious by using legal proceeding. Neither the one nor the other concept of deontology consider that the professionalism of the doctor and the vulnerability of the patient move within a normative framework with conditions that are necessary but not sufficient, which has to be completed and justified in the light of virtue ethics. Therefore, Paul Ricoeur’s distinction between what is just, legal, and good proves to be of great importance, in particular in those uncertain and conflicting situations that demand delicate decisions from the doctor. It is in this context that prudence or phrónesis makes its appearance. In fact, prudence is indispensable to formulate a judgment that tends towards the best possible decision under specific circumstances, combining the rigor of the general norm with the singularity of the concrete situation. In his essays dedicated to medical art, Ricoeur is outlining something like a real architecture of therapeutic alliance, articulated in three moments: prudential, deontological, and theological. Prudential judgment is inseparable from deontology, which guarantees support and protects the vulnerability of the therapeutic alliance threatened by various requests. On the other hand, medical ethics is not justified if it is not based on an anthropological understanding respectful of the personal integrity and dignity of the patient.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Laure Assayag

This article proposes to retrace the path of trust that Paul Ricœur has drawn across his works. If the concept of trust is never themed as such, nevertheless it unfolds in subtle ways in fields as diverse as ethics, morality, politics, and religion. We will argue that trust is a solid but fragile foundation for Ricœur’s recognition theory. Rooted in man’s structural disproportion, trust is a perpetual tension between the finitude of existence and the infinitude of mutual recognition, between the ability and fallibility of the human being -it is thus a continuous search, always disappointing but always renewed, of a mediation between the self and the other, the hope of happiness and the reality of evil. The analysis of various forms of trust, including interpersonal and institutional forms, will then be coupled with a study of trust in practical terms, based on Ricœur’s approach to healthcare relationships, or the perception of foreigners.


2019 ◽  
pp. 114-154
Author(s):  
Benedetta Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The One ◽  

Chapter 4 considers the influence exerted by Nietzsche’s reading of Emerson on the former’s critique of the morality of compassion and on his working out of a moral proposal alternative to this modelled on the relation of friendship. Emphasizing the value of individualism for the well-being of the collective, Emerson brings Nietzsche to understand that pursuing one’s personal advantage, if it is correctly understood, not only does not conflict with the welfare of society but nourishes and supports it. On this basis, Nietzsche on the one hand develops a critique of compassion and altruism as forms of the loss of the self and humiliation of the other, while on the other hand reassessing the value of egoism or, better put, distinguishing egoism as the pursuit of pleasure from a “higher egoism” that consists in pursuing one’s own vocation. Friendship is the relation that best sustains the development both of one’s own and others’ individualities.


Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.


2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.


Author(s):  
Stacy Wolf

This chapter examines the eight female characters inCompany, what they do in the musical, and how they function in the show’s dramaturgy, and argues that they elicit the quintessential challenge of analyzing musical theater from a feminist perspective. On the one hand, the women tend to be stereotypically, even msogynistically portrayed. On the other hand, each character offers the actor a tremendous performance opportunity in portraying a complicated psychology, primarily communicated through richly expressive music and sophisticated lyrics. In this groundbreaking 1970 ensemble musical about a bachelor’s encounters with five married couples and three girlfriends, Sondheim’s female characters occupy a striking range of types within one show. From the bitter, acerbic, thrice-married Joanne to the reluctant bride-to-be Amy, and from the self-described “dumb” “stewardess” April to the free-spirited Marta,Company’s eight women are distillations of femininity, precisely sketched in the short, singular scenes in which they appear.


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